1
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Soydal U. Cotton waste and nanoclay‐based phenolic novolac epoxy composites and evaluation of their properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulku Soydal
- Karapınar Aydoğanlar Vocational School Selcuk University Konya Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Selcuk University Konya Turkey
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2
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Purut Koc O, Bekin Acar S, Uyar T, Tasdelen MA. In situ preparation of thermoset/clay nanocomposites via thiol-epoxy click chemistry. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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3
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Esmaeili N, Jahandideh A, Muthukumarappan K, Åkesson D, Skrifvars M. Synthesis and characterization of methacrylated star-shaped poly(lactic acid) employing core molecules with different hydroxyl groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Esmaeili
- Swedish Centre for Recourse Recovery, University of Borås; Borås 501 90 Sweden
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton; Bolton BL3 5AB United Kingdom
| | - Arash Jahandideh
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department; South Dakota State University; Brookings South Dakota 57007
| | | | - Dan Åkesson
- Swedish Centre for Recourse Recovery, University of Borås; Borås 501 90 Sweden
| | - Mikael Skrifvars
- Swedish Centre for Recourse Recovery, University of Borås; Borås 501 90 Sweden
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4
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Synthesis, characterization and curing optimization of a biobased thermosetting resin from xylitol and lactic acid. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xu K, Xu W, Yu D, Zhu L, Xie H, Cheng R. Thermal, mechanical properties, and low-temperature performance of fibrous nanoclay-reinforced epoxy asphalt composites and their concretes. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University); Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yuge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University); Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University); Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Road Engineering Institute, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Dier Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advance Road Materials; Jiangsu Transportation Institute; Nanjing 211112 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advance Road Materials; Jiangsu Transportation Institute; Nanjing 211112 China
| | - Hongfeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University); Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advance Road Materials; Jiangsu Transportation Institute; Nanjing 211112 China
| | - Rongshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University); Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
- College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
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6
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Shiravand F, Hutchinson JM, Calventus Y, Ferrando F. Comparison of the Nanostructure and Mechanical Performance of Highly Exfoliated Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Three Different Protocols. MATERIALS 2014; 7:4196-4223. [PMID: 28788672 PMCID: PMC5455920 DOI: 10.3390/ma7064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three different protocols for the preparation of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites based upon a tri-functional epoxy resin, triglycidyl para-amino phenol (TGAP), have been compared in respect of the cure kinetics, the nanostructure and their mechanical properties. The three preparation procedures involve 2 wt% and 5 wt% of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT), and are: isothermal cure at selected temperatures; pre-conditioning of the resin-clay mixture before isothermal cure; incorporation of an initiator of cationic homopolymerisation, a boron tri-fluoride methyl amine complex, BF3·MEA, within the clay galleries. It was found that features of the cure kinetics and of the nanostructure correlate with the measured impact strength of the cured nanocomposites, which increases as the degree of exfoliation of the MMT is improved. The best protocol for toughening the TGAP/MMT nanocomposites is by the incorporation of 1 wt% BF3·MEA into the clay galleries of nanocomposites containing 2 wt% MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shiravand
- Centre for NanoEngineering, Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial i Aeronàutica (ETSEIAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - John M Hutchinson
- Centre for NanoEngineering, Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial i Aeronàutica (ETSEIAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Calventus
- Centre for NanoEngineering, Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial i Aeronàutica (ETSEIAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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7
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Cortés P, Fraga I, Calventus Y, Román F, Hutchinson JM, Ferrando F. A New Epoxy-Based Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Using a Hyperbranched Polymer: Study of the Curing Reaction and Nanostructure Development. MATERIALS 2014; 7:1830-1849. [PMID: 28788542 PMCID: PMC5453289 DOI: 10.3390/ma7031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites have been prepared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin as the matrix and organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) as the clay nanofiller. Resin-clay mixtures with different clay contents (zero, two, five and 10 wt%) were cured, both isothermally andnon-isothermally, using a poly(ethyleneimine) hyperbranched polymer (HBP), the cure kinetics being monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanostructure of the cured nanocomposites was characterized by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their mechanical properties were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and impact testing. The results are compared with an earlier study of the structure and properties of the same DGEBA-MMT system cured with a polyoxypropylene diamine, Jeffamine. There are very few examples of the use of HBP as a curing agent in epoxy PLS nanocomposites; here, it is found to enhance significantly the degree of exfoliation of these nanocomposites compared with those cured with Jeffamine, with a corresponding enhancement in the impact energy for nanocomposites with the low clay content of 2 wt%. These changes are attributed to the different cure kinetics with the HBP, in which the intra-gallery homopolymerization reaction is accelerated, such that it occurs before the bulk cross-linking reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cortés
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Iria Fraga
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià, Passeig Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017, Barcelona Spain.
| | - Yolanda Calventus
- Centre for NanoEngineering and Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Frida Román
- Centre for NanoEngineering and Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - John M Hutchinson
- Centre for NanoEngineering and Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, ETSEIAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa 08222, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Ferrando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Abstract
The clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite was prepared by the polymerization method. The effect of clay addition on the mechanical properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was studied through tensile, flexural, impact strength, and fracture toughness tests. The morphology and tribology behavior of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and wear test, respectively. The wear test was performed to determine the specific abrasion of the nanocomposites. In addition, the water absorption characteristic of the nanocomposites was also investigated in this study. XRD analysis indicated that the exfoliation structure was observed in the epoxy nanocomposites with 3 wt% of clay, while the intercalated structure was shown at 6 wt% of clay. It was found that the addition of clay up to 3 wt% increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and the fracture toughness. On the contrary, the presence of above 3 wt% of clay produced a reverse effect. It could be concluded that the best properties in mechanical, wear resistance, and water resistance were obtained for the epoxy nanocomposites containing 3 wt% of clay.
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9
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Kahraman HT, Gevgilili H, Kalyon DM, Pehlivan E. Nanoclay dispersion into a thermosetting binder using sonication and intensive mixing methods. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Hutchinson JM, Shiravand F, Calventus Y. Intra- and extra-gallery reactions in tri-functional epoxy polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Kumar MA, Reddy KH, Reddy YVM, Reddy GR, Naidu SV. Improvement of Tensile and Flexural Properties in Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites Reinforced with Weave Glass Fiber Reel. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2010.504144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Mohan TP, Kanny K, Velmurugan R. Epoxy — clay nanocomposites — effect of curing temperature in mechanical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12588-009-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Montserrat S, Román F, Hutchinson JM, Campos L. Analysis of the cure of epoxy based layered silicate nanocomposites: Reaction kinetics and nanostructure development. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Khanbabaei G, Aalaie J, Rahmatpour A, Khoshniyat A, Gharabadian MA. Preparation and Properties of Epoxy‐Clay Nanocomposites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340701457287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Khanbabaei
- a Polymer Science and Technology Division , Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) , Tehran, I. R., Iran
| | - Jamal Aalaie
- a Polymer Science and Technology Division , Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) , Tehran, I. R., Iran
| | - Ali Rahmatpour
- a Polymer Science and Technology Division , Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) , Tehran, I. R., Iran
| | - Alireza Khoshniyat
- a Polymer Science and Technology Division , Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) , Tehran, I. R., Iran
| | - M. A. Gharabadian
- a Polymer Science and Technology Division , Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) , Tehran, I. R., Iran
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