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Jafari M, Abolmaali SS, Borandeh S, Najafi H, Zareshahrabadi Z, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Azarpira N, Zomorodian K, Tamaddon AM. Dendritic hybrid materials comprising polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and hyperbranched polyglycerol for effective antifungal drug delivery and therapy in systemic candidiasis. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16163-16177. [PMID: 37772640 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Candida infections are routinely treated with amphotericin B (AMB), a highly effective antimycotic drug. However, due to severe toxicities linked to the parenteral administration of conventional micellar formulations (Fungizone®), its clinical utility is limited. Hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs) are multi-branched three-dimensional hydrophilic macromolecules that can be used to lessen the toxicity of AMB while also increasing its aqueous solubility. In the current research, to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of AMB, we developed new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane - hyperbranched polyglycerol dendrimers with cholesterol termini (POSS-HPG@Chol) using azide-alkyne click reaction. Compared with Fungizone®, the as-synthesized POSS-HPG@Chol/AMB had lower minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations against almost all studied Candida spp., as well as much less hemolysis and cytotoxicity. POSS-HPG@Chol/AMB revealed total protection of Balb/C mice from severe Candida infections in an experimental model of systemic candidiasis and can effectively reduce or eliminate AMB liver and kidney tissue injuries. Thanks to their safety, biocompatibility, and unique therapeutic properties, the developed POSS-polyglycerol dendrimers could be viable nanostructures for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs like AMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Borandeh
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Haniyeh Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 713484-5794, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-allah Research Tower, PO Box 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 713484-5794, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 713484-5794, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
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Dyuzhikova YS, Anisimov AA, Gorodov VV, Olenich Е, Buzin MI, Nikiforova GG, Kostrov SA, Shchegolikhina OI, Muzafarov AM. The effect of the polydimethylsiloxane chain length on the properties of four-arm siloxane stars. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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3
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Mohamed MG, Kuo SW. Progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5535-5561. [PMID: 35880446 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes recent progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic POSS hybrids derived from mono-, di-, and multi-functionalized POSS cages. We highlight the self-assembled structures and physical properties of giant surfactants and chain-end- and side-chain-type hybrids derived from mono-functionalized POSS cages; main-chain-type hybrids derived from di-functionalized POSS cages; and star-shaped hybrids derived from multi-functionalized POSS cages; with various polymeric attachments, including polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), phenolic, PVPh, and polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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4
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Star-Shaped Polydimethylsiloxanes with Organocyclotetrasilsesquioxane Branching-Out Centers: Synthesis and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020285. [PMID: 35054699 PMCID: PMC8777870 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New non-crystallizable low-dispersity star-shaped polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) containing stereoregular cis-tetra(organo)(dimethylsiloxy)cyclotetrasiloxanes containing methyl-, tolyl- and phenyl-substituents at silicon atoms and the mixture of four stereoisomers of tetra[phenyl(dimethylsiloxy)]cyclotetrasiloxane as the cores were synthesized. Their thermal and viscous properties were studied. All synthesized compounds were characterized by a complex of physicochemical analysis methods: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), viscometry in solution, rheometry, and Langmuir trough study.
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Caner D, Doganci E, Dandan Doganci M, Ozkoc G. Preparation of hetero-armed POSS-cored star-shaped PCL-PLA/PLA composites and effect of different diisocyanates as compatibilizer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104656. [PMID: 34218016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight-armed A4B4-type hetero-arm star-shaped PCL-PLA polymers ((PCL)4-POSS-(PLA)4, SPLA30) with POSS core were successfully prepared via combination of the "arm-first" approach utilizing ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and click chemistry techniques. Firstly, alkyne-functional PLA and PCL polymers having arms with 30 repeating units were synthesized via ROP with utilizing propargyl alcohol as initiator and stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as catalyst. Then, the obtained hetero-armed star-shaped polymers were prepared by Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction between alkyne functional polymers (1:1 PCL:PLA) and azido functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquoxane (POSS-(N3)8) molecules. Finally, these obtained star-shaped SPLA30 was blended with neat PLA at different PLA/SPLA30 ratios (95/5 and 90/10 wt%) via melt blending by utilizing micro-compounder (a lab-scale) to enhance thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of neat PLA. Also, different diisocyanates (1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)) at constant ratio (1 wt%) were used as a chain extender bonding terminal group of polymers. It was found that addition of SPLA30 and SPLA30+ diisocyanates provided improvements in mechanical properties (especially in elongation at break and impact strength) of neat PLA. When the thermal properties were examined, it was seen that the decomposition temperatures of the blends decreased significantly compared to neat PLA and that there was a significant increment in the Tg and Tm values. In addition, it has been found that especially the diisocyanates added to provide good interfacial adhesion with polymer blends and show a homogeneous distribution on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Caner
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Merve Dandan Doganci
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Guralp Ozkoc
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey; Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Res. and App. Center, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Doganci E, Uner A, Tasdelen MA. Synthesis, characterization and surfactant properties of cholic acid containing linear and star polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Doganci MD, Caner D, Doganci E, Ozkoc G. Effects of hetero‐armed star‐shaped PCL‐PLA polymers with POSS core on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of PLA. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Dandan Doganci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Derya Caner
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Guralp Ozkoc
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
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Ozcelik Kazancioglu E, Batibay GS, Uner A, Arsu N. Thermal and morphological investigation of the effect of
POSS
‐(
PEG
2000
)
8
addition to
UV
curable
PEGMEA
/
PEGDA
formulation and simultaneously in situ formed silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonul S. Batibay
- Department of Chemistry Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uner
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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9
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Doganci E. Improving adhesion between polyester cord and rubber by using
glycidyl‐POSS. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Kocaeli University Kocaeli Turkey
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Jeon S, Park CH, Shin SS, Lee JH. Fabrication and structural tailoring of reverse osmosis membranes using β-cyclodextrin-cored star polymers. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Li Z, Hu J, Yang L, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang Z, Li Y. Integrated POSS-dendrimer nanohybrid materials: current status and future perspective. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11395-11415. [PMID: 32432308 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-dendrimer hybrid materials have attracted great interest in the past ten years. The integration of inorganic POSS and organic dendrimer blocks in a single-phase material offers numerous possibilities to access desirable mechanical, optical, and biomedical properties for various applications. In this review article, we describe several kinds of POSS-dendrimer hybrid materials (POSS as the core, surface functionality, repeating unit of dendrimers and the POSS-dendron conjugates) with an emphasis on their synthetic strategies, tunable macroscopic properties, and potential applications. Moreover, the current trends, challenges and future directions of POSS-dendrimer hybrid materials are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Junfei Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xianhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Pritzker School of Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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12
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Song X, Zhang X, Li T, Li Z, Chi H. Mechanically Robust Hybrid POSS Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Enhanced Surface Hydrophobicity. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E373. [PMID: 30960357 PMCID: PMC6419223 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of hybrid thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized from bi-functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (B-POSS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a coupling agent for the first time. The newly synthesized hybrid materials were fully characterized in terms of structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical performance, as well as their toughening effect toward polyesters. Thermal gravimeter analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed enhanced thermal stability by 76 °C higher in decomposition temperature (Td) of the POSS PUs, and 22 °C higher glass transition temperature (Tg) when compared with control PU without POSS. Static contact angle results showed a significant increment of 49.8° and 53.4° for the respective surface hydrophobicity and lipophilicity measurements. More importantly, both storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') are improved in the hybrid POSS PUs and these parameters can be further adjusted by varying POSS content in the copolymer. As a biodegradable hybrid filler, the as-synthesized POSS PUs also demonstrated a remarkable effect in toughening commercial polyesters, indicating a simple yet useful strategy in developing high-performance polyester for advanced biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhuan Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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Chi H, Wang M, Xiao Y, Wang F, K S J. Self-Assembly and Applications of Amphiphilic Hybrid POSS Copolymers. Molecules 2018; 23:E2481. [PMID: 30262758 PMCID: PMC6222655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of molecular self-assembly to form well-organized nanostructures is essential in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Particularly, amphiphilic copolymers incorporated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) have been one of the most promising materials in material science, engineering, and biomedical fields. In this review, new ideas and research works which have been carried out over the last several years in this relatively new area with a main focus on their mechanism in self-assembly and applications are discussed. In addition, insights into the unique role of POSSs in synthesis, microphase separation, and confined size were encompassed. Finally, perspectives and challenges related to the further advancement of POSS-based amphiphilics are discussed, followed by the proposed design considerations to address the challenges that we may face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yiting Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Fuke Wang
- Polymeric Materials Department, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Joshy K S
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India.
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Doganci E, Uner A, Canimkurbey B, Ozdogan R, Tasdelen MA. Star-shaped hybrid polymers as insulators for organic field effect transistors. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Tech; Kocaeli University; 41380 Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uner
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey
| | | | - Reyhan Ozdogan
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yalova University; 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yalova University; 77100 Yalova Turkey
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15
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Uner A, Doganci E, Tasdelen MA. Non-covalent interactions of pyrene end-labeled star poly(ɛ-caprolactone)s with fullerene. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Uner
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Erdinc Doganci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology; Kocaeli University; Kocaeli 41380 Turkey
| | - M. Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yalova University; Yalova TR-77100 Turkey
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16
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Xie Y, Li J, Li Z, Sun T, Wang Y, Qu G. The adsorption and aggregation properties of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36015-36024. [PMID: 35558498 PMCID: PMC9088746 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06900j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants (4CntetraQ, n = 12, 14, 16) were synthesized with raw materials that are commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing
- P. R. China
| | - Zuofeng Li
- Natural Gas Branch Testing Center
- Daqing Oil Field Co. Ltd
- Daqing
- China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing
- P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing
- P. R. China
| | - Guangmiao Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Petroleum University
- Daqing
- P. R. China
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