1
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Skariah N, James OJ, Swamy M. Signalling mechanisms driving homeostatic and inflammatory effects of interleukin-15 on tissue lymphocytes. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae002. [PMID: 38405398 PMCID: PMC10883678 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
There is an intriguing dichotomy in the function of cytokine interleukin-15-at low levels, it is required for the homeostasis of the immune system, yet when it is upregulated in response to pathogenic infections or in autoimmunity, IL-15 drives inflammation. IL-15 associates with the IL-15Rα within both myeloid and non-haematopoietic cells, where IL-15Rα trans-presents IL-15 in a membrane-bound form to neighboring cells. Alongside homeostatic maintenance of select lymphocyte populations such as NK cells and tissue-resident T cells, when upregulated, IL-15 also promotes inflammatory outcomes by driving effector function and cytotoxicity in NK cells and T cells. As chronic over-expression of IL-15 can lead to autoimmunity, IL-15 expression is tightly regulated. Thus, blocking dysregulated IL-15 and its downstream signalling pathways are avenues for immunotherapy. In this review we discuss the molecular pathways involved in IL-15 signalling and how these pathways contribute to both homeostatic and inflammatory functions in IL-15-dependent mature lymphoid populations, focusing on innate, and innate-like lymphocytes in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Skariah
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Olivia J James
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Mahima Swamy
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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2
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Xiong X, Duan Z, Zhou H, Huang G, Niu L, Jin Y, Luo Z, Li W. The Increased TIGIT-Expressing CD3 +CD56 + Cells Are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease and Its Inflammatory Environment. Inflammation 2023; 46:2024-2036. [PMID: 37491572 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the correlation of T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT)-expressing CD3 + CD56 + cells (TNKS) with coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerotic lesion progression, and inflammatory environment. A total of 199 subjects, including 98 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 52 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and 49 control subjects, were recruited in the study. The TIGIT-expressing TNKS were quantified by flow cytometric analysis; the severity of coronary artery lesions was evaluated by the Gensini score. Whole blood cells were stimulated with interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and interleukin-15 (IL-15) in presence or absence of STAT, PI3K, and P38 MAPK inhibitors, respectively. The TIGIT-expressing TNKS was significantly increased in patients with CAD, ACS, and CCS compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The TIGIT-expressing TNKS were independent predictors of CAD, ACS and CCS (P < 0.05). The TIGIT-expressing TNKS were positively associated with Gensini score (P < 0.05). The TIGIT-expressing TNKS was positively correlated with age, and being male (P < 0.05). The inflammatory microenviroment with increased IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 contributed to upregulation of TIGIT expression in TNKS. PI3K and P38 MAPK inhibitors could inhibit the upregulation of TIGIT expression in TNKS induced by IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15. The TIGIT-expressing TNKS may be involved in common pathogenesis of ACS and CCS, and atherosclerotic lesion progression. Meanwhile, the increased TIGIT-expressing TNKS might be associated with a proatherogenic microenvironment or inflammatory microenvironment. PI3K and P38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in the regulation of TIGIT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
- Department of cardiology, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonggang Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhu Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lautenbacher L, Samaras P, Muller J, Grafberger A, Shraideh M, Rank J, Fuchs ST, Schmidt TK, The M, Dallago C, Wittges H, Rost B, Krcmar H, Kuster B, Wilhelm M. ProteomicsDB: toward a FAIR open-source resource for life-science research. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D1541-D1552. [PMID: 34791421 PMCID: PMC8728203 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ProteomicsDB (https://www.ProteomicsDB.org) is a multi-omics and multi-organism resource for life science research. In this update, we present our efforts to continuously develop and expand ProteomicsDB. The major focus over the last two years was improving the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR) of the data as well as its implementation. For this purpose, we release a new application programming interface (API) that provides systematic access to essentially all data in ProteomicsDB. Second, we release a new open-source user interface (UI) and show the advantages the scientific community gains from such software. With the new interface, two new visualizations of protein primary, secondary and tertiary structure as well an updated spectrum viewer were added. Furthermore, we integrated ProteomicsDB with our deep-neural-network Prosit that can predict the fragmentation characteristics and retention time of peptides. The result is an automatic processing pipeline that can be used to reevaluate database search engine results stored in ProteomicsDB. In addition, we extended the data content with experiments investigating different human biology as well as a newly supported organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Lautenbacher
- Technical University of Munich, Computational Mass Spectrometry, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Patroklos Samaras
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Julian Muller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Grafberger
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marwin Shraideh
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes Rank
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Simon T Fuchs
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Tobias K Schmidt
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Matthew The
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christian Dallago
- Technical University of Munich, Department for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Center of Doctoral Studies in Informatics and its Applications (CeDoSIA), 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Holger Wittges
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Burkhard Rost
- Technical University of Munich, Department for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), 85748 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Helmut Krcmar
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, SAP University Competence Center, 85748 Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Technical University of Munich, Computational Mass Spectrometry, 85354 Freising, Bavaria, Germany
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4
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Bell M, Gottschalk S. Engineered Cytokine Signaling to Improve CAR T Cell Effector Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684642. [PMID: 34177932 PMCID: PMC8220823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a promising approach to improve outcomes for cancer patients. While CAR T cell therapy is effective for hematological malignancies, there is a need to improve the efficacy of this therapeutic approach for patients with solid tumors and brain tumors. At present, several approaches are being pursued to improve the antitumor activity of CAR T cells including i) targeting multiple antigens, ii) improving T cell expansion/persistence, iii) enhancing homing to tumor sites, and iv) rendering CAR T cells resistant to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Augmenting signal 3 of T cell activation by transgenic expression of cytokines or engineered cytokine receptors has emerged as a promising strategy since it not only improves CAR T cell expansion/persistence but also their ability to function in the immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we will provide an overview of cytokine biology and highlight genetic approaches that are actively being pursued to augment cytokine signaling in CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bell
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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5
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Goh W, Scheer S, Jackson JT, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Delconte RB, Schuster IS, Andoniou CE, Rautela J, Degli-Esposti MA, Davis MJ, McCormack MP, Nutt SL, Huntington ND. Hhex Directly Represses BIM-Dependent Apoptosis to Promote NK Cell Development and Maintenance. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108285. [PMID: 33086067 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hhex encodes a homeobox transcriptional regulator important for embryonic development and hematopoiesis. Hhex is highly expressed in NK cells, and its germline deletion results in significant defects in lymphoid development, including NK cells. To determine if Hhex is intrinsically required throughout NK cell development or for NK cell function, we generate mice that specifically lack Hhex in NK cells. NK cell frequency is dramatically reduced, while NK cell differentiation, IL-15 responsiveness, and function at the cellular level remain largely normal in the absence of Hhex. Increased IL-15 availability fails to fully reverse NK lymphopenia following conditional Hhex deletion, suggesting that Hhex regulates developmental pathways extrinsic to those dependent on IL-15. Gene expression and functional genetic approaches reveal that Hhex regulates NK cell survival by directly binding Bcl2l11 (Bim) and repressing expression of this key apoptotic mediator. These data implicate Hhex as a transcriptional regulator of NK cell homeostasis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob T Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd., 27 Norwood Cres, Moonee Ponds, Victoria, 3039, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd., 27 Norwood Cres, Moonee Ponds, Victoria, 3039, Australia.
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6
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Hodge K, Makjaroen J, Robinson J, Khoomrung S, Pisitkun T. Deep Proteomic Deconvolution of Interferons and HBV Transfection Effects on a Hepatoblastoma Cell Line. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16796-16810. [PMID: 32685848 PMCID: PMC7364717 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are commonly utilized in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection but are not effective for all patients. A deep understanding of the limitations of interferon treatment requires delineation of its activity at multiple "omic" levels. While myriad studies have characterized the transcriptomic effects of interferon treatment, surprisingly, few have examined interferon-induced effects at the proteomic level. To remedy this paucity, we stimulated HepG2 cells with both IFN-α and IFN-λ and performed proteomic analysis versus unstimulated cells. Alongside, we examined the effects of HBV transfection in the same cell line, reasoning that parallel IFN and HBV analysis might allow determination of cases where HBV transfection counters the effects of interferons. More than 6000 proteins were identified, with multiple replicates allowing for differential expression analysis at high confidence. Drawing on a compendium of transcriptomic data, as well as proteomic half-life data, we suggest means by which transcriptomic results diverge from our proteomic results. We also invoke a recent multiomic study of HBV-related hepatocarcinoma (HCC), showing that despite HBV's role in initiating HCC, the regulated proteomic landscapes of HBV transfection and HCC do not strongly align. Special focus is applied to the proteasome, with numerous components divergently altered under IFN and HBV-transfection conditions. We also examine alterations of other protein groups relevant to HLA complex peptide display, unveiling intriguing alterations in a number of ubiquitin ligases. Finally, we invoke genome-scale metabolic modeling to predict relevant alterations to the metabolic landscape under experimental conditions. Our data should be useful as a resource for interferon and HBV researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hodge
- The
Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- The
Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jonathan Robinson
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure
Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Center for Protein Research, Chalmers University
of Technology, Kemivägen
10, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Siriraj Metabolomics
and Phenomics Center Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Center
for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- The
Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- . Phone: +6692-537-0549
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7
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Zhao C, Chu Y, Liang Z, Zhang B, Wang X, Jing X, Hao M, Wang Y, An J, Zhang X, Sun L, Chen J. Low dose of IL-2 combined with rapamycin restores and maintains the long-term balance of Th17/Treg cells in refractory SLE patients. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:32. [PMID: 31484501 PMCID: PMC6727508 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with the balance of Th17 and Treg cells. IL-2 and rapamycin can influence the populations of both Th17 and Treg cells. However, it is unclear whether low dose of IL-2 and rapamycin can relieve the symptoms of SLE patients and what is the mechanisms. In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of low dose of IL-2 plus rapamycin on the number of Tregs, Th17 cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells, as well as to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in refractory SLE patients. RESULT Fifty refractory SLE patients and 70 healthy controls were enrolled and followed up for 24 weeks. We found that compared with HC, the refractory SLE patients had a lower number of Tregs, a similar number of Th17 cells, but an increased ratio of Th17/Treg. After the treatment, the number of Tregs of the patients at 12th and 24th week was significantly increased. While the number of Th17 cells was unchanged, the ratio of Th17/Treg was significantly decreased at both 6 weeks and 24 weeks. After 6, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, the SLEDAI score was significantly reduced. The prednison dosage at 6th,12th and 24th week post treatment was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Our results support that the reduction of Tregs and the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells were correlated with the occurrence and development of refractory SLE. Low dose of IL-2 combined with rapamycin was able to restore the number of Tregs and the balance of Th17/Treg cells. As a result, this approach was able to induce immune tolerance and promote disease remission, allowing for the reduction in prednisone dosage. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-IPR-16009451 Registration date: 2016/10/16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Zhao
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanfang Chu
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liang
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bingying Zhang
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaona Jing
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Meihua Hao
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jia An
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xingzhe Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Junwei Chen
- Deptartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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8
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Abstract
The discovery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) changed the molecular understanding of how the immune system is controlled. IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine, and dissecting the signaling pathways that allow IL-2 to control the differentiation and homeostasis of both pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells is fundamental to determining the molecular details of immune regulation. The IL-2 receptor couples to JAK tyrosine kinases and activates the STAT5 transcription factors. However, IL-2 does much more than control transcriptional programs; it is a key regulator of T cell metabolic programs. The development of global phosphoproteomic approaches has expanded the understanding of IL-2 signaling further, revealing the diversity of phosphoproteins that may be influenced by IL-2 in T cells. However, it is increasingly clear that within each T cell subset, IL-2 will signal within a framework of other signal transduction networks that together will shape the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Ross
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom;
| | - Doreen A Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom;
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9
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Degryse S, de Bock CE, Demeyer S, Govaerts I, Bornschein S, Verbeke D, Jacobs K, Binos S, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Murray HC, Verrills NM, Van Vlierberghe P, Cools J, Dun MD. Mutant JAK3 phosphoproteomic profiling predicts synergism between JAK3 inhibitors and MEK/BCL2 inhibitors for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 32:788-800. [PMID: 28852199 PMCID: PMC5843905 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) or the Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) kinase occur frequently in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and both are able to drive cellular transformation and the development of T-ALL in mouse models. However, the signal transduction pathways downstream of JAK3 mutations remain poorly characterized. Here we describe the phosphoproteome downstream of the JAK3(L857Q)/(M511I) activating mutations in transformed Ba/F3 lymphocyte cells. Signaling pathways regulated by JAK3 mutants were assessed following acute inhibition of JAK1/JAK3 using the JAK kinase inhibitors ruxolitinib or tofacitinib. Comprehensive network interrogation using the phosphoproteomic signatures identified significant changes in pathways regulating cell cycle, translation initiation, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, RNA metabolism, as well as epigenetic and apoptotic processes. Key regulatory proteins within pathways that showed altered phosphorylation following JAK inhibition were targeted using selumetinib and trametinib (MEK), buparlisib (PI3K) and ABT-199 (BCL2), and found to be synergistic in combination with JAK kinase inhibitors in primary T-ALL samples harboring JAK3 mutations. These data provide the first detailed molecular characterization of the downstream signaling pathways regulated by JAK3 mutations and provide further understanding into the oncogenic processes regulated by constitutive kinase activation aiding in the development of improved combinatorial treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Degryse
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C E de Bock
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Demeyer
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Govaerts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Bornschein
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Verbeke
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Jacobs
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Binos
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Scoresby, Victoria, Australia
| | - D A Skerrett-Byrne
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H C Murray
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N M Verrills
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Cools
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M D Dun
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Álvarez-Salamero C, Castillo-González R, Navarro MN. Lighting Up T Lymphocyte Signaling with Quantitative Phosphoproteomics. Front Immunol 2017; 8:938. [PMID: 28848546 PMCID: PMC5552657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most abundant post-translational modification, regulating several aspects of protein and cell function. Quantitative phosphoproteomics approaches have expanded the scope of phosphorylation analysis enabling the quantification of changes in thousands of phosphorylation sites simultaneously in two or more conditions. These approaches offer a global view of the impact of cellular perturbations such as extracellular stimuli or gene ablation in intracellular signaling networks. Such great potential also brings on a new challenge: to identify, among the thousands of phosphorylations found in global phosphoproteomics studies, the small subset of site-specific phosphorylations expected to be functionally relevant. This review focus on updating and integrating findings on T lymphocyte signaling generated using global phosphoproteomics approaches, drawing attention on the biological relevance of the obtained data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelas Álvarez-Salamero
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María N Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Nyman TA, Lorey MB, Cypryk W, Matikainen S. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic exploration of the human immune system: focus on the inflammasome, global protein secretion, and T cells. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:395-407. [PMID: 28406322 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1319768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system is our defense system against microbial infections and tissue injury, and understanding how it works in detail is essential for developing drugs for different diseases. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can provide in-depth information on the molecular mechanisms involved in immune responses. Areas covered: Summarized are the key immunology findings obtained with MS-based proteomics in the past five years, with a focus on inflammasome activation, global protein secretion, mucosal immunology, immunopeptidome and T cells. Special focus is on extracellular vesicle-mediated protein secretion and its role in immune responses. Expert commentary: Proteomics is an essential part of modern omics-scale immunology research. To date, MS-based proteomics has been used in immunology to study protein expression levels, their subcellular localization, secretion, post-translational modifications, and interactions in immune cells upon activation by different stimuli. These studies have made major contributions to understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. New developments in proteomics offer constantly novel possibilities for exploring the immune system. Examples of these techniques include mass cytometry and different MS-based imaging approaches which can be widely used in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula A Nyman
- a Department of Immunology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Martina B Lorey
- b Rheumatology , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Wojciech Cypryk
- c Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies , Lodz , Poland
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- b Rheumatology , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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12
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Targeted mass spectrometry: An emerging powerful approach to unblock the bottleneck in phosphoproteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:29-38. [PMID: 28441545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Following the rapid expansion of the proteomics field, the investigation of post translational modifications (PTM) has become extremely popular changing our perspective of how proteins constantly fine tune cellular functions. Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in virtually all biological processes in the cell and it is one the most characterized PTM up to date. During the last decade, the development of phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment strategies and mass spectrometry (MS) technology has revolutionized the field of phosphoproteomics discovering thousands of new site-specific phosphorylations and unveiling unprecedented evidence about their modulation under distinct cellular conditions. The field has expanded so rapidly that the use of traditional methods to validate and characterize the biological role of the phosphosites is not feasible any longer. Targeted MS holds great promise for becoming the method of choice to study with high precision and sensitivity already known site-specific phosphorylation events. This review summarizes the contribution of large-scale unbiased MS analyses and highlights the need of targeted MS-based approaches for follow-up investigation. Additionally, the article illustrates the biological relevance of protein phosphorylation by providing examples of disease-related phosphorylation events and emphasizes the benefits of applying targeted MS in clinics for disease diagnosis, prognosis and drug-response evaluation.
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Osinalde N, Sanchez-Quiles V, Akimov V, Aloria K, Arizmendi JM, Blagoev B, Kratchmarova I. Characterization of Receptor-Associated Protein Complex Assembly in Interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-15-Activated T-Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:106-121. [PMID: 27463037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It remains a paradox that IL-2 and IL-15 can differentially modulate the immune response using the same signaling receptors. We have previously dissected the phosphotyrosine-driven signaling cascades triggered by both cytokines in Kit225 T-cells, unveiling subtle differences that may contribute to their functional dichotomy. In this study, we aimed to decipher the receptor complex assembly in IL-2- and IL-15-activated T-lymphocytes that is highly orchestrated by site-specific phosphorylation events. Comparing the cytokine-induced interactome of the interleukin receptor beta and gamma subunits shared by the two cytokines, we defined the components of the early IL-2 and IL-15 receptor-associated complex discovering novel constituents. Additionally, phosphopeptide-directed analysis allowed us to detect several cytokine-dependent and -independent phosphorylation events within the activated receptor complex including novel phosphorylated sites located in the cytoplasmic region of IL-2 receptor β subunit (IL-2Rβ). We proved that the distinct phosphorylations induced by the cytokines serve for recruiting different types of effectors to the initial receptor/ligand complex. Overall, our study sheds new light into the initial molecular events triggered by IL-2 and IL-15 and constitutes a further step toward a better understanding of the early signaling aspects of the two closely related cytokines in T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Virginia Sanchez-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kerman Aloria
- Proteomics Core Facility-SGIKER, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU , 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesus M Arizmendi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU , 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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14
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Phosphoproteomic Analyses of Interleukin 2 Signaling Reveal Integrated JAK Kinase-Dependent and -Independent Networks in CD8(+) T Cells. Immunity 2016; 45:685-700. [PMID: 27566939 PMCID: PMC5040828 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a fundamental cytokine that controls proliferation and differentiation of T cells. Here, we used high-resolution mass spectrometry to generate a comprehensive and detailed map of IL-2 protein phosphorylations in cytotoxic T cells (CTL). The data revealed that Janus kinases (JAKs) couple IL-2 receptors to the coordinated phosphorylation of transcription factors, regulators of chromatin, mRNA translation, GTPases, vesicle trafficking, and the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. We identified an IL-2-JAK-independent SRC family Tyr-kinase-controlled signaling network that regulates ∼10% of the CTL phosphoproteome, the production of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), and the activity of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. These data reveal a signaling framework wherein IL-2-JAK-controlled pathways coordinate with IL-2-independent networks of kinase activity and provide a resource toward the further understanding of the networks of protein phosphorylation that program CTL fate.
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Lochmatter C, Fischer R, Charles PD, Yu Z, Powrie F, Kessler BM. Integrative Phosphoproteomics Links IL-23R Signaling with Metabolic Adaptation in Lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24491. [PMID: 27080861 PMCID: PMC4832251 DOI: 10.1038/srep24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 mediated signal transduction represents a major molecular mechanism underlying the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition, emerging evidence supports the role of IL-23-driven Th17 cells in inflammation. Components of the IL-23 signaling pathway, such as IL-23R, JAK2 and STAT3, have been characterized, but elements unique to this network as compared to other interleukins have not been readily explored. In this study, we have undertaken an integrative phosphoproteomics approach to better characterise downstream signaling events. To this end, we performed and compared phosphopeptide and phosphoprotein enrichment methodologies after activation of T lymphocytes by IL-23. We demonstrate the complementary nature of the two phosphoenrichment approaches by maximizing the capture of phosphorylation events. A total of 8202 unique phosphopeptides, and 4317 unique proteins were identified, amongst which STAT3, PKM2, CDK6 and LASP-1 showed induction of specific phosphorylation not readily observed after IL-2 stimulation. Interestingly, quantitative analysis revealed predominant phosphorylation of pre-existing STAT3 nuclear subsets in addition to translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 within 30 min after IL-23 stimulation. After IL-23R activation, a small subset of PKM2 also translocates to the nucleus and may contribute to STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting multiple cellular responses including metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Lochmatter
- Kennedy Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics Research Medical Science, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Kennedy Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics Research Medical Science, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Philip D. Charles
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Zhanru Yu
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics Research Medical Science, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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16
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Osinalde N, Mitxelena J, Sánchez-Quiles V, Akimov V, Aloria K, Arizmendi JM, Zubiaga AM, Blagoev B, Kratchmarova I. Nuclear Phosphoproteomic Screen Uncovers ACLY as Mediator of IL-2-induced Proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2076-92. [PMID: 27067055 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer immunotherapies commonly rely on the use of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to promote the expansion of T lymphocytes. IL-2- dependent proliferation is the culmination of a complex network of phosphorylation-driven signaling events that impact on gene transcription through mechanisms that are not clearly understood. To study the role of IL-2 in the regulation of nuclear protein function we have performed an unbiased mass spectrometry-based study of the nuclear phosphoproteome of resting and IL-2-treated CD4(+) T lymphocytes. We detected 8521distinct phosphosites including many that are not yet reported in curated phosphorylation databases. Although most phosphorylation sites remained unaffected upon IL-2 treatment, 391 sites corresponding to 288 gene products showed robust IL-2-dependent regulation. Importantly, we show that ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key phosphoprotein effector of IL-2-mediated T-cell responses. ACLY becomes phosphorylated on serine 455 in T lymphocytes upon IL-2-driven activation of AKT, and depletion or inactivation of ACLY compromises IL-2-promoted T-cell growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ACLY is required for enhancing histone acetylation levels and inducing the expression of cell cycle regulating genes in response to IL-2. Thus, the metabolic enzyme ACLY emerges as a bridge between cytokine signaling and proliferation of T lymphocytes, and may be an attractive candidate target for the development of more efficient anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Osinalde
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jone Mitxelena
- §Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Quiles
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kerman Aloria
- ¶Proteomics Core Facility-SGIKER, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesus M Arizmendi
- ‖Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana M Zubiaga
- §Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark;
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Changes in Gab2 phosphorylation and interaction partners in response to interleukin (IL)-2 stimulation in T-lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23530. [PMID: 27025927 PMCID: PMC4812247 DOI: 10.1038/srep23530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulation results in T-cell growth as a consequence of activation of highly sophisticated and fine-tuned signaling pathways. Despite lacking intrinsic enzymatic activity, scaffold proteins such as Gab2, play a pivotal role in IL-2-triggered signal transduction integrating, diversifying and amplifying the signal by serving as a platform for the assembly of effectors proteins. Traditionally, Gab2-mediated protein recruitment was believed to solely depend on cytokine-induced phosphotyrosine moieties. At present, phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues is also emerging as a key mediator of Gab2-dependent signal regulation. Despite its relevance, IL-2-triggered regulation on Gab2 phosphorylation is yet poorly understood. Combining antibody- and TiO2-based enrichment of the scaffold protein with SILAC quantitative mass spectrometry we disclose the prominent regulation IL-2 exerts on Gab2 serine/threonine phosphorylation by showing that at least 18 serines and 1 threonine, including previously non-reported ones, become phosphorylated in response to cytokine stimulation. Additionally, we decipher the interactome of the docking protein in resting and cytokine-treated T-lymphocytes and besides well-known Gab2 interactors we discover three novel cytokine-inducible Gab2-binding proteins. Thus, our data provide novel insights and a wealth of candidates for future studies that will shed light into the role of Gab2 in IL-2-initiated signal transduction.
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18
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Krasnova Y, Putz EM, Smyth MJ, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Bench to bedside: NK cells and control of metastasis. Clin Immunol 2015; 177:50-59. [PMID: 26476139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in host immune responses against tumor growth and metastasis. The numerous mechanisms used by NK cells to regulate and control cancer metastasis include interactions with tumor cells via specific receptors and ligands as well as direct cytotoxicity and cytokine-induced effector mechanisms. NK cells also play a role in tumor immunosurveillance and inhibition of metastases formation by recognition and killing of tumor cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of NK cell responses against tumor metastases and discuss multiple strategies by which tumors evade NK cell-mediated surveillance. With an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving NK cell activity, there is a growing potential for the development of new cancer immunotherapies. Here we provide a historical background on NK cell-based therapies and discuss the implications of recent and ongoing clinical trials using novel NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Krasnova
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Eva Maria Putz
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Osinalde N, Sánchez-Quiles V, Akimov V, Blagoev B, Kratchmarova I. SILAC-based quantification of changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 in T-lymphocytes. Data Brief 2015; 5:53-8. [PMID: 26425665 PMCID: PMC4564383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article presents the first large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomics dataset generated to decipher the signaling networks initiated by IL-2 and IL-15 in T-lymphocytes. Data was collected by combining immunoprecipitation of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and TiO2-based phosphopeptide enrichment with SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry. We report all the proteins and phosphotyrosine-containing peptides identified and quantified in IL-2- and IL-15-stimulated T-lymphocytes. The gene ontology analysis of IL-2 and IL-15 effector proteins detected in the present work is also included. The data supplied in this article is related to the research work entitled “Simultaneous dissection and comparison of IL-2 and IL-15 signaling pathways by global quantitative phosphoproteomics” [1]. All mass spectrometry data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD001129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Ruiz-Medina BE, Ross JA, Kirken RA. Interleukin-2 Receptor β Thr-450 Phosphorylation Is a Positive Regulator for Receptor Complex Stability and Activation of Signaling Molecules. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20972-20983. [PMID: 26152718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T, B, and natural killer cells are required for normal immune response and are regulated by cytokines such as IL-2. These cell signals are propagated following receptor-ligand engagement, controlling recruitment and activation of effector proteins. The IL-2 receptor β subunit (IL-2Rβ) serves in this capacity and is known to be phosphorylated. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the β chain has been studied extensively. However, the identification and putative regulatory roles for serine and threonine phosphorylation sites have yet to be fully characterized. Using LC-MS/MS and phosphospecific antibodies, a novel IL-2/IL-15 inducible IL-2Rβ phosphorylation site (Thr-450) was identified. IL-2 phosphokinetic analysis revealed that phosphorylation of IL-2Rβ Thr-450 is rapid (2.5 min), transient (peaks at 15 min), and protracted compared with receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and occurs in multiple cell types, including primary human lymphocytes. Pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition of various serine/threonine kinases revealed ERK1/2 as a positive regulator, whereas purified protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), dephosphorylated Thr-450 in vitro. Reconstitution assays demonstrated that Thr-450 is important for regulating IL-2R complex formation, recruitment of JAK3, and activation of AKT and ERK1/2 and a transcriptionally active STAT5. These results provide the first evidence of the identification and functional characterization for threonine phosphorylation of an interleukin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E Ruiz-Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Jeremy A Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Robert A Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968.
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