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Gunnoo M, Cazade PA, Galera-Prat A, Nash MA, Czjzek M, Cieplak M, Alvarez B, Aguilar M, Karpol A, Gaub H, Carrión-Vázquez M, Bayer EA, Thompson D. Nanoscale Engineering of Designer Cellulosomes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5619-47. [PMID: 26748482 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts showcase the upper limit obtainable for high-speed molecular processing and transformation. Efforts to engineer functionality in synthetic nanostructured materials are guided by the increasing knowledge of evolving architectures, which enable controlled molecular motion and precise molecular recognition. The cellulosome is a biological nanomachine, which, as a fundamental component of the plant-digestion machinery from bacterial cells, has a key potential role in the successful development of environmentally-friendly processes to produce biofuels and fine chemicals from the breakdown of biomass waste. Here, the progress toward so-called "designer cellulosomes", which provide an elegant alternative to enzyme cocktails for lignocellulose breakdown, is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to rational design via computational modeling coupled with nanoscale characterization and engineering tools. Remaining challenges and potential routes to industrial application are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissabye Gunnoo
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pierre-André Cazade
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), IMDEA Nanociencias and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A Nash
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, Bretagne, France
| | - Marek Cieplak
- Laboratory of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Biopolis S.L., Parc Científic de la Universitat de Valencia, Edificio 2, C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980, Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Marina Aguilar
- Abengoa, S.A., Palmas Altas, Calle Energía Solar nº 1, 41014, Seville, Spain
| | - Alon Karpol
- Designer Energy Ltd., 2 Bergman St., Tamar Science Park, Rehovot, 7670504, Israel
| | - Hermann Gaub
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariano Carrión-Vázquez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), IMDEA Nanociencias and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Damien Thompson
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Matthews JF, Skopec CE, Mason PE, Zuccato P, Torget RW, Sugiyama J, Himmel ME, Brady JW. Computer simulation studies of microcrystalline cellulose Iβ. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:138-52. [PMID: 16297893 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics (MM) simulations have been used to model two small crystals of cellulose Ibeta surrounded by water. These small crystals contained six different extended surfaces: (110), (11 0), two types of (100), and two types of (010). Significant changes took place in the crystal structures. In both crystals there was an expansion of the unit cell, and a change in the gamma angle to almost orthogonal. Both microcrystals developed a right-hand twist of about 1.5 degrees per cellobiose unit, similar to the twisting of beta-sheets in proteins. In addition, in every other layer, made up of the unit cell center chains, a tilt of the sugar rings of 14.8 degrees developed relative to the crystal plane as a result of a transition of the primary alcohol groups in these layers away from the starting TG conformation to GG. In this conformation, these groups made interlayer hydrogen bonds to the origin chains above and below. No change in the primary alcohol conformations or hydrogen-bonding patterns in the origin chain layers was observed. Strong localization of the adjacent water was found for molecules in the first hydration layer of the surfaces, due to both hydrogen bonding to the hydroxyl groups of the sugar molecules and also due to hydrophobic hydration of the extensive regions of nonpolar surface resulting from the axial aliphatic hydrogen atoms of the 'tops' of the glucose monomers. Significant structuring of the water was found to extend far out into the solution. It is hypothesized that the structured layers of water might present a barrier to the approach of cellulase enzymes toward the cellulose surfaces in enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis, and might inhibit the escape of soluble products, contributing to the slow rates of hydrolysis observed experimentally. Since the water structuring is different for the different surfaces, this might result in slower hydrolysis rates for some surfaces compared to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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