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Hashimoto H, Goto K, Sakata K, Watanabe S, Kamata T, Kato D, Niwa O, Kuraya E, Nishimi T, Takemoto M, Kunitake M. Stand-Alone Semi-Solid-State Electrochemical Systems Based on Bicontinuous Microemulsion Gel Films. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14031-14037. [PMID: 32942844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicontinuous microemulsion (BME)-based hydrogel films were integrated with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) comprising working, counter, and reference electrodes to form stand-alone, semi-solid-state electrochemical systems that do not require an outer electrolyte solution. The gel network of the BME hydrogel only exists in the microaqueous phase and retains the structure of the entire BME gel. Following gelation, a microaqueous phase with sufficient ionic strength ensured effective ionic conductivity, even in thin gel films. This enabled the electrochemical reaction to proceed using a thin gel film as an electrolyte solution. However, an intact micro-oil phase with no gel network enabled efficient extraction from an external oil solution and exhibited rapid electrochemistry that was comparable to that of a BME solution. Cyclic voltammograms of lipophilic redox species in oil using the gel-integrated SPE system demonstrated successfully in the oil itself and in the air with dropped oil onto the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kyosei Goto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kouhei Sakata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Dai Kato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Niwa
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kuraya
- Science and Technology Division, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan
| | - Taisei Nishimi
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem), Itopia Hashimoto Bldg. 7F, 2-11-9 Iwamoto-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0032, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Kunitake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Wang C, Bu Y, Zhao L. Synthesis of water and oil dual-absorption materials by bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Jung K, Xu J, Zetterlund PB, Boyer C. Visible-Light-Regulated Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1139-1143. [PMID: 35614795 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of photopolymerization processes in aqueous dispersed systems has the potential to afford greener approaches to the preparation of polymeric materials and has motivated researchers to perform photopolymerization in emulsion. However, these previous works have employed UV irradiation to induce photodegradation of a photoinitiator in addition to specialized equipment setups, thus limiting widespread use of these approaches. In this work, we aim to remedy these drawbacks via the implementation of photoredox catalysis in the regulation of a controlled/living radical polymerization under visible light. Utilizing the photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) process, we report the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene mediated by a household grade blue LED (λmax = 460 nm, 0.73 mW/cm2). The polymerization rate can be easily manipulated by light intensity and catalyst concentration. Finally, temporal control was demonstrated via ON/OFF experiments, which shows that no significant detriment is caused by prolonged interruptions to the light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and ‡Australian Centre
for NanoMedicine,
School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and ‡Australian Centre
for NanoMedicine,
School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and ‡Australian Centre
for NanoMedicine,
School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and ‡Australian Centre
for NanoMedicine,
School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Saadé J, Bordes C, Raffin G, Hangouët M, Marote P, Faure K. Response surface optimization of miniemulsion: application to UV synthesis of hexyl acrylate nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Bera T, Freeman EJ, McDonough JA, Clements RJ, Aladlaan A, Miller DW, Malcuit C, Hegmann T, Hegmann E. Liquid Crystal Elastomer Microspheres as Three-Dimensional Cell Scaffolds Supporting the Attachment and Proliferation of Myoblasts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14528-35. [PMID: 26075811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report that liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), often portrayed as artificial muscles, serve as scaffolds for skeletal muscle cell. A simultaneous microemulsion photopolymerization and cross-linking results in nematic LCE microspheres 10-30 μm in diameter that when conjoined form a LCE construct that serves as the first proof-of-concept for responsive LCE muscle cell scaffolds. Confocal microscopy experiments clearly established that LCEs with a globular, porous morphology permit both attachment and proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, while the nonporous elastomer morphology, prepared in the absence of a microemulsion, does not. In addition, cytotoxicity and proliferation assays confirm that the liquid crystal elastomer materials are biocompatible promoting cellular proliferation without any inherent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Donald W Miller
- #Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
| | | | - Torsten Hegmann
- #Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
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Tomovska R, de la Cal JC, Asua JM. Miniemulsion Photo-Copolymerization of Styrene/Butyl Acrylate in a Continuous Tubular Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402779y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT
and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe
Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José C. de la Cal
- POLYMAT
and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe
Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT
and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe
Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
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Bourcier S, Vancaeyzeele C, Vidal F, Fichet O. Microemulsion as the template for synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks with predefined structure. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Interpenetrating polymer networks templated on bicontinuous microemulsions containing silicone oil, methacrylic acid, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Krüger K, Tauer K, Yagci Y, Moszner N. Photoinitiated Bulk and Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene – Evidence for Photo-Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2021997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Krüger
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry Department, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Klaus Tauer
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry Department, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry Department, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Hoijemberg PA, Chemtob A, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Poly J, Braun AM. Radical Photopolymerization in Miniemulsions. Fundamental Investigations and Technical Development. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Hoijemberg
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Macromolecular Engineering, CNRS, ENSCMu University of Haute-Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Macromolecular Engineering, CNRS, ENSCMu University of Haute-Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Céline Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Macromolecular Engineering, CNRS, ENSCMu University of Haute-Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Julien Poly
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Macromolecular Engineering, CNRS, ENSCMu University of Haute-Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - André M. Braun
- Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zhang G, Xu S, Zestos AG, Evans RE, Lu J, Fraser CL. An easy method to monitor lactide polymerization with a boron fluorescent probe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:3069-3074. [PMID: 20942431 DOI: 10.1021/am1005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to monitor different polymer processes such as polymerization kinetics, chain entanglements, and thermal transitions. The solvent-free controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide is significant both commercially and for research; thus, monitoring this process with a simple fluorescence method can be very useful. Here, a fluorescent dye, difluoroboron 4-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BF(2)dbmOMe) is employed to probe lactide bulk ROP by measuring the emission from solidified reaction aliquots at room temperature. It was found that, through the course of polymerization, the fluorescence of BF(2)dbmOMe in the solid-state aliquots exhibited a systematic shift from yellow to green and then to blue, accompanied by a gradual reduction in the decay lifetime. The fluorescence color change is sensitive to the monomer percent conversion, not the polymer molecular weight. On the basis of these observations and experimental data, we propose that the long-wavelength emission with perceivably longer lifetimes arises from BF(2)dbmOMe dye aggregates (ground and/or excited states), while the dissolved individual dye molecules are responsible for the blue fluorescence with a shorter lifetime. This demonstration of the utility of BF(2)dbmOMe as a fluorescent probe for lactide polymerization could have important practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Chemtob A, Kunstler B, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Fouchard S. Photoinduced miniemulsion polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Kawano S, Kobayashi D, Taguchi S, Kunitake M, Nishimi T. Construction of Continuous Porous Organogels, Hydrogels, and Bicontinuous Organo/Hydro Hybrid Gels from Bicontinuous Microemulsions. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901624p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawano
- New Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- New Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Taguchi
- New Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kunitake
- New Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Taisei Nishimi
- Frontier Core-Technology Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa, 250-0193, Japan
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15
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Microstructure and properties of silane monomer-modified styrene-acrylate nanocoatings. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Using hyperbranched macromers as crosslinkers of methacrylic networks prepared by photopolymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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