1
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Wang Z, Debuigne A. Radical Polymerization of Methylene Heterocyclic Compounds: Functional Polymer Synthesis and Applications. POLYM REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2023.2181819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Chemistry Department, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Chemistry Department, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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2
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Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) of Bio-Based Poly(tulipalin A) Coatings: Structure and Material Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193993. [PMID: 36235940 PMCID: PMC9572868 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A solvent-free route of initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was used to synthesize a bio-renewable poly(α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (PMBL) polymer. α-MBL, also known as tulipalin A, is a bio-based monomer that can be a sustainable alternative to produce polymer coatings with interesting material properties. The produced polymers were deposited as thin films on three different types of substrates—polycarbonate (PC) sheets, microscopic glass, and silicon wafers—and characterized via an array of characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optically transparent thin films and coatings of PMBL were found to have high thermal stability up to 310 °C. The resulting PMBL films also displayed good optical characteristics, and a high glass transition temperature (Tg~164 °C), higher than the Tg of its structurally resembling fossil-based linear analogue-poly(methyl methacrylate). The effect of monomer partial pressure to monomer saturation vapor pressure (Pm/Psat) on the deposition rate was investigated in this study. Both the deposition rate and molar masses increased linearly with Pm/Psat following the normal iCVD mechanism and kinetics that have been reported in literature.
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3
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Versteeg FG, Hegeman NC, Sebakhy KO, Picchioni F. RAFT Polymerization of a Biorenewable/Sustainable Monomer Via a Green Process. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200045. [PMID: 35581933 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A biorenewable polymer was synthesized via a green process using the RAFT principle for the first time in supercritical CO2 at 300 bar and 80°C. α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone polymers of various chain lengths and molecular weights were obtained. The molecular weights varied from 10000 up to 20000 with low polydispersity indexes (PDI <1.5). Furthermore, the monomer conversion in supercritical CO2 was substantially higher, respectively 85+ % for ScCO2 compared to around 65% for polymerizations conducted in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent. Chain extensions were carried out to confirm the livingness of the formed polymers in ScCO2. This opens up future possibilities of the formation of different polymer architectures in ScCO2. The polymers synthesized in ScCO2 have glass transition temperature (Tg) values ranging from 155°C up to 190°C. However, the presence of residual monomer encapsulated inside the formed polymer matrix affected the glass transition of the polymer which was lowered by increasing monomer concentrations. Hence, additional research is required to eliminate the remaining monomer concentration in the polymer matrix in order to arrive at the optimal Tg. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friso G Versteeg
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Niels C Hegeman
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Khaled O Sebakhy
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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4
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Palà M, Woods SE, Hatton FL, Lligadas G. RDRP (Meth)acrylic Homo and Block Polymers from Lignocellulosic Sugar Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palà
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Sarah E. Woods
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
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5
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Fouilloux H, Thomas CM. Production and Polymerization of Biobased Acrylates and Analogs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000530. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fouilloux
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
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6
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Scholten PBV, Moatsou D, Detrembleur C, Meier MAR. Progress Toward Sustainable Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000266. [PMID: 32686239 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent focus of media and governments on renewability, green chemistry, and circular economy has led to a surge in the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers. In this review, focussing on renewable monomers for reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP), it is highlighted that for the majority of the monomers and polymers reported, the claim to renewability is not always accurate. By closely examining the sustainability of synthetic routes and the renewability of starting materials, fully renewable monomers are identified and discussed in terms of sustainability, polymerization behavior, and properties obtained after polymerization. The holistic discussion considering the overall preparation process of polymers, that is, monomer syntheses, origin of starting materials, solvents used, the type of RDRP technique utilized, and the purification method, allows to highlight certain topics which need to be addressed in order to progress toward not only (partially) renewable, but sustainable monomers and polymers using RDRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B V Scholten
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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7
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Tajbakhsh S, Hajiali F, Marić M. Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Tajbakhsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| | - Faezeh Hajiali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
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8
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Wang Z, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Reversible deactivation radical (co)polymerization of dimethyl methylene oxazolidinone towards responsive vicinal aminoalcohol-containing copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined oxazolidinone-containing copolymers produced by controlled radical polymerization give access to multi-responsive vicinal amino-alcohol functional poly(vinyl alcohol)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
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9
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Kollár J, Danko M, Pippig F, Mosnáček J. Functional Polymers and Polymeric Materials From Renewable Alpha-Unsaturated Gamma-Butyrolactones. Front Chem 2019; 7:845. [PMID: 31921769 PMCID: PMC6923188 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable chemistry requires application of green processes and often starting materials originate from renewable resources. Biomass-derived monomers based on five-membered γ-butyrolactone ring represent suitable candidates to replace sources of fossil origin. α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone, β-hydroxy-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, and β- and γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones bearing exocyclic double bond are available directly by isolation from plants or derived from itaconic or levulinic acids available from biomass feedstock. Exocyclic double bond with structural similarity with methacrylates is highly reactive in chain-growth polymerization. Reaction involves the linking of monomer molecules through vinyl double bonds in the presence of initiators typical for radical, anionic, zwitterionic, group-transfer, organocatalytic, and coordination polymerizations. The formed polymers containing pendant ring are characterized by high glass transition temperature (T g > 195°C) and render decent heat, weathering, scratch, and solvent resistance. The monomers can also be hydrolyzed to open the lactone ring and form water-soluble monomers. Subsequent radical copolymerization in the presence of cross-linker can yield to hydrogels with superior degree of swelling and highly tunable characteristics, depending on the external stimuli. The five-membered lactone ring allows copolymerization of these compounds by ring opening polymerization to provide polyesters with preserved methylene functionality. In addition, both the lactone ring and the methylene double bond can be attacked by amines. Polyaddition with di- or multi-amines leads to functional poly(amidoamines) with properties tunable by structure of the amines. In this mini-review, we summarize the synthetic procedures for preparation of polymeric materials with interesting properties, including thermoplastic elastomers, acrylic latexes, stimuli-sensitive superabsorbent hydrogels, functional biocompatible polyesters, and poly(amidoamines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kollár
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Falko Pippig
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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10
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Wang Z, Poli R, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Organometallic-Mediated Radical (Co)polymerization of γ-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone: Access to pH-Responsive Poly(vinyl alcohol) Derivatives. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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11
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Trotta JT, Jin M, Stawiasz KJ, Michaudel Q, Chen WL, Fors BP. Synthesis of methylene butyrolactone polymers from itaconic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Trotta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Katherine J. Stawiasz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
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12
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Tang X, Hong M, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. The Quest for Converting Biorenewable Bifunctional α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone into Degradable and Recyclable Polyester: Controlling Vinyl-Addition/Ring-Opening/Cross-Linking Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14326-14337. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Miao Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa
Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa
Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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13
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Wei C, Esposito D, Tauer K. Thermal properties of thermoplastic polymers: Influence of polymer structure and procedure of radical polymerization. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Delidovich I, Hausoul PJC, Deng L, Pfützenreuter R, Rose M, Palkovits R. Alternative Monomers Based on Lignocellulose and Their Use for Polymer Production. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1540-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Delidovich
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter J. C. Hausoul
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Rebecca Pfützenreuter
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Rose
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Vobecka Z, Wei C, Tauer K, Esposito D. Poly(α-methylene-γ-valerolactone) 1. Sustainable monomer synthesis and radical polymerization studies. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Satoh K. Controlled/living polymerization of renewable vinyl monomers into bio-based polymers. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Tang J, Chen EYX. Organopolymerization of naturally occurring Tulipalin B: a hydroxyl-functionalized methylene butyrolactone. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring, OH-containing, tri-functional Tulipalin B has been successfully polymerized by N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphazene superbase catalysts into polymers with Mn up to 13.2 kg mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
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18
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Esposito D, Antonietti M. Redefining biorefinery: the search for unconventional building blocks for materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5821-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00368c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses different strategies for the upgrading of biomass into sustainable monomers and building blocks as scaffolds for the preparation of green polymers and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Esposito
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
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19
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Gowda RR, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Unusual C–C Bond Cleavage in the Formation of Amine-Bis(phenoxy) Group 4 Benzyl Complexes: Mechanism of Formation and Application to Stereospecific Polymerization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500661y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R. Gowda
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Schmitt M, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. High-speed organocatalytic polymerization of a renewable methylene butyrolactone by a phosphazene superbase. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01579c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Polymerization of nonfood biomass-derived monomers to sustainable polymers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 353:185-227. [PMID: 24699900 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable routes to fine chemicals, liquid fuels, and polymeric materials from natural resources has attracted significant attention from academia, industry, the general public, and governments owing to dwindling fossil resources, surging energy demand, global warming concerns, and other environmental problems. Cellulosic material, such as grasses, trees, corn stover, or wheat straw, is the most abundant nonfood renewable biomass resources on earth. Such annually renewable material can potentially meet our future needs with a low carbon footprint if it can be efficiently converted into fuels, value added chemicals, or polymeric materials. This chapter focuses on various renewable monomers derived directly from cellulose or cellulose platforms and corresponding sustainable polymers or copolymers produced therefrom. Recent advances related to the polymerization processes and the properties of novel biomass-derived polymers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Xu S, Huang J, Xu S, Luo Y. RAFT ab initio emulsion copolymerization of γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone and styrene. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Chiral and achiral (imino)phenoxy-based cationic group 4 non-metallocene complexes as catalysts for polymerization of renewable α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9263-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Hu Y, Miyake GM, Wang B, Cui D, Chen EYX. ansa-Rare-Earth-Metal Catalysts for Rapid and Stereoselective Polymerization of Renewable Methylene Methylbutyrolactones. Chemistry 2012; 18:3345-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Tschan MJL, Brulé E, Haquette P, Thomas CM. Synthesis of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Zhang Y, Gustafson LO, Chen EYX. Dinuclear silylium-enolate bifunctional active species: remarkable activity and stereoselectivity toward polymerization of methacrylate and renewable methylene butyrolactone monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13674-84. [PMID: 21819049 DOI: 10.1021/ja2053573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel dinuclear silylium-enolate active species, consisting of an electrophilic silylium catalyst site and a nucleophilic silicon enolate initiating site that are covalently linked as single molecules, and their unique polymerization characteristics and kinetics are reported. Such unimolecular, bifunctional propagating species are conveniently generated from activation of ethyl- and oxo-bridged disilicon enolate (i.e., disilyl ketene acetal, di-SKA) compounds with [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]. Both the ethyl- and oxo-bridged dinuclear species are much more active for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) than the mononuclear SKA-based active species, exhibiting an approximate rate enhancement by a factor of 12 and 44, respectively. The oxo-bridged silylium-enolate species is considerably more active and controlled than the ethyl-bridged one, with their differences being even more pronounced in polymerizing a renewable monomer, γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. The polymerization by the oxo-bridged silylium-enolate active species follows first-order kinetics in both monomer and silylium catalyst concentrations, indicating a unimolecular propagation mechanism which involves an intramolecular delivery of the polymeric enolate nucleophile to the monomer activated by the silylium ion electrophile being placed in proximity in the same catalyst molecule. Highly stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), with a syndiotacticity up to 92% rr, can be produced in quantitative yield using the oxo-bridged propagator at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Cockburn RA, McKenna TFL, Hutchinson RA. A Study of Particle Nucleation in Dispersion Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cockburn RA, Siegmann R, Payne KA, Beuermann S, McKenna TFL, Hutchinson RA. Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of γ-Methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MeMBL). Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2319-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200400s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Cockburn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rebekka Siegmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - Kevin A. Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - Timothy F. L. McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robin A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Hu Y, Gustafson LO, Zhu H, Chen EYX. Anionic polymerization of MMA and renewable methylene butyrolactones by resorbable potassium salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Hashimoto K, Hashimoto N, Kamaya T, Yoshioka J, Okawa H. Synthesis and properties of bio-based polyurethanes bearing hydroxy groups derived from alditols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Hu Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Naturally Renewable Methylene Butyrolactones by Half-Sandwich Indenyl Rare Earth Metal Dialkyls with Exceptional Activity. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101901y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PRC
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Miyake GM, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Living Polymerization of Naturally Renewable Butyrolactone-Based Vinylidene Monomers by Ambiphilic Silicon Propagators. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100615t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
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Cockburn RA, McKenna TF, Hutchinson RA. An Investigation of Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of the Bio-renewable Monomer γ
-Methyl-α
-methylene-γ
-butyrolactone with Methyl methacrylate and Styrene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Miyake GM, Newton SE, Mariott WR, Chen EYX. Coordination polymerization of renewable butyrolactone-based vinyl monomers by lanthanide and early metal catalysts. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6710-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c001909g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379–410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669–692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses and a diverse range of applications. Significant developments have occurred, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group removal and transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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