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1
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Arndt JH, Bhati SS, Ellwanger Cangussu M, Geertz G, Mohammadi H, Brüll R. Unraveling the comonomer distribution in ethylene - vinyl ester terpolymers through liquid chromatography with infrared detection. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464197. [PMID: 37423074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefins are the most commercially relevant polymers by volume. A readily available feedstock and their tailor-made microstructure allow to adapt polyolefins to many fields of application. Important molecular design features of olefin copolymers are the molar mass distribution (MMD) with the corresponding average values, comonomer type, chemical composition distribution (CCD) with the corresponding average and the tacticity distribution (TD). Advanced separation techniques i.e., high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC) as well as its hyphenation with high-temperature high performance liquid chromatography (HT-HPLC) in the form of high-temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HT 2D-LC) have been successfully applied in this work. This allowed to deeply analyze the molecular heterogeneities of complex polyolefin terpolymers consisting of ethylene, vinyl acetate and branched vinyl ester monomers. By using filter-based infrared detection, the capabilities of HT-GPC are further extended so that the distribution of methyl- and carbonyl groups could be obtained along the molar mass axis. Using porous graphitic carbon (PGC) as a stationary phase for HT-HPLC separation provided information about the CCD of these complex polyolefins from experimental data as part of the hyphenated approach of HT 2D-LC. The latter revealed the full MMD x CCD distribution function, which is the key for a comprehensive analysis of the bivariate molecular structure of the polyolefin terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Arndt
- Division Plastics, Department Material Analysis and Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sampat Singh Bhati
- IIT Roorkee, Department of Paper Technology, Star Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur 247001, India.
| | - Manoela Ellwanger Cangussu
- Braskem SA, Advanced Characterization, Passo Raso (CTI PP1) Terceiro Distrito, Triunfo/RS, CEP 95853-000, Brasil
| | - Guru Geertz
- Division Plastics, Department Material Analysis and Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hadi Mohammadi
- Braskem NAM, Material Science, 550 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
| | - Robert Brüll
- Division Plastics, Department Material Analysis and Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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2
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Deshmukh S, Macko T, Arndt JH, Barton B, Bernardo R, van Doremaele G, Brüll R. Solvent Selection for Liquid Adsorption Chromatography of Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Terpolymers by Combining Structure–Retention Relationships and Hansen Solubility Parameters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrajeet Deshmukh
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability, Division Plastics, Group Material Analysis, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tibor Macko
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability, Division Plastics, Group Material Analysis, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Arndt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability, Division Plastics, Group Material Analysis, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bastian Barton
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability, Division Plastics, Group Material Analysis, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Raffaele Bernardo
- ARLANXEO Netherlands B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Brüll
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability, Division Plastics, Group Material Analysis, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Pasch H, Ndiripo A, Bungu PSE. Multidimensional analytical protocols for the fractionation and analysis of complex polyolefins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch De Beers Street Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Anthony Ndiripo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch De Beers Street Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
- Polymer Separation Group Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V Hohe Strasse 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
- Department of Applied Chemistry National University of Science and Technology Box AC939, Ascot Bulawayo Zimbabwe
| | - Paul Severin Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch De Beers Street Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
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4
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Jiang C, Jiang B, Yang Y, Huang Z, Liao Z, Sun J, Wang J, Yang Y. Enhanced multiphase interfacial interaction of impact polypropylene copolymer by in-situ introducing polyethylene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Liu W, Hong M, Xue Y, Shi L, Li P, Li R, Zhang M, An Y, Gao Y, Ji X. Comparison of chain microstructure between two propylene−ethylene copolymer resins with bimodal melting temperature distribution. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Eselem Bungu P, Pflug K, Pasch H. Selectivity of Thermal Analysis in the Branching Analysis of Low Density Polyethylene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- PaulSeverin Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch PO Box X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Kristina Pflug
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryUniversität Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg 20146 Germany
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch PO Box X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
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7
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Unraveling Multiple Distributions in Chain Walking Polyethylene Using Advanced Liquid Chromatography. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Ndiripo A, Pasch H. Retention of polypropylene stereoisomers in solvent gradient interaction chromatography on porous graphitic carbon as influenced by temperature and mobile phase composition. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Magagula SI, Ndiripo A, Johannes van Reenen A. Heterophasic ethylene-propylene copolymers: New insights on complex microstructure by combined molar mass fractionation and high temperature liquid chromatography. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Shao H, Ren S, Wang R, He A. Temperature rising elution fractionation and fraction characterization of Trans-1, 4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Sigwinta M, Ndiripo A, Wewers F, Pasch H. Deformulation of commercial linear low‐density polyethylene resins by advanced fractionation and analysis. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mawande Sigwinta
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa
- Department of ChemistryCape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville South Africa
| | - Anthony Ndiripo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Francois Wewers
- Department of ChemistryCape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville South Africa
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa
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12
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Kot D, Macko T, Arndt JH, Brüll R. Porous graphite as platform for the separation and characterization of synthetic polymers – an overview. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:360038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Characterization of the chemical composition distribution of polyolefin plastomers/elastomers (ethylene/1-octene copolymers) and comparison to theoretical predictions. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Ndiripo A, Eselem Bungu PS, Pasch H. Comprehensive branching analysis of polyethylene by combined fractionation and thermal analysis. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ndiripo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | | | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Stellenbosch South Africa
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15
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Ndiripo A, Albrecht A, Monrabal B, Wang J, Pasch H. Chemical Composition Fractionation of Olefin Plastomers/Elastomers by Solvent and Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700703. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ndiripo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Andreas Albrecht
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH; St. Peter-Strasse 25 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Benjamin Monrabal
- Polymer Char; Valencia Technology Park; Gustave Eiffel 8 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH; St. Peter-Strasse 25 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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16
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Eselem Bungu PS, Pasch H. Branching and molar mass analysis of low density polyethylene using the multiple preparative fractionation concept. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02076g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multiple preparative fractionation concept provides sample libraries with different degrees of branching and different molar masses that are analyzed regarding the LDPE microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Stellenbosch
- South Africa
| | - H. Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Stellenbosch
- South Africa
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17
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Eselem Bungu PS, Pflug K, Busch M, Pasch H. Comprehensive analysis of novel grafted polyethylenes using multidimensional fractionation methods. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Noval graft copolymers HDPE-g-LDPE were prepared using a dual reactor setup and characterized regarding molar mass, branching and grafting efficiency using a multidimensional analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Matieland
- South Africa
| | - Kristina Pflug
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical Chemistry
- Technical University Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Markus Busch
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical Chemistry
- Technical University Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Matieland
- South Africa
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18
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Eselem Bungu PS, Pasch H. Comprehensive analysis of branched polyethylene: the multiple preparative fractionation concept. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concept for the comprehensive analysis of branched polyethylene is developed where a multiple fractionation protocol is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Eselem Bungu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Matieland
- South Africa
| | - H. Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- 7602 Matieland
- South Africa
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19
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Phiri MJ, Pasch H. Exploring the Compositional Heterogeneity of Vis-Broken Impact Poly(propylene) Copolymers by Advanced Fractionation Methods. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohau Justice Phiri
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; 7602 Matieland South Africa
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; 7602 Matieland South Africa
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20
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Phiri MJ, Dimeska A, Pasch H. On the Homogeneity of Metallocene Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers as Investigated by Multiple Fractionation Techniques. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohau Justice Phiri
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; 7602 Matieland South Africa
| | - Anita Dimeska
- Lummus Novolen Technology GmbH; Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; 7602 Matieland South Africa
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