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Penetrant-induced plasticization in microporous polymer membranes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2435-2529. [PMID: 38294167 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Penetrant-induced plasticization has prevented the industrial deployment of many polymers for membrane-based gas separations. With the advent of microporous polymers, new structural design features and unprecedented property sets are now accessible under controlled laboratory conditions, but property sets can often deteriorate due to plasticization. Therefore, a critical understanding of the origins of plasticization in microporous polymers and the development of strategies to mitigate this effect are needed to advance this area of research. Herein, an integrative discussion is provided on seminal plasticization theory and gas transport models, and these theories and models are compared to an exhaustive database of plasticization characteristics of microporous polymers. Correlations between specific polymer properties and plasticization behavior are presented, including analyses of plasticization pressures from pure-gas permeation tests and mixed-gas permeation tests for pure polymers and composite films. Finally, an evaluation of common and current state-of-the-art strategies to mitigate plasticization is provided along with suggestions for future directions of fundamental and applied research on the topic.
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Gas Separation Membrane Module Modeling: A Comprehensive Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:639. [PMID: 37505005 PMCID: PMC10384872 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane gas separation processes have been developed for diverse gas separation applications that include nitrogen production from air and CO2 capture from point sources. Membrane process design requires the development of stable and robust mathematical models that can accurately quantify the performance of the membrane modules used in the process. The literature related to modeling membrane gas separation modules and model use in membrane gas separation process simulators is reviewed in this paper. A membrane-module-modeling checklist is proposed to guide modeling efforts for the research and development of new gas separation membranes.
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Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and thermally rearranged polymer membranes for highly efficient gas separation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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State of the art and prospects of chemically and thermally aggressive membrane gas separations: Insights from polymer science. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Modelling competitive sorption and plasticization of glassy polymeric membranes used in biogas upgrading. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Geometric Analysis of Clusters of Free Volume Accessible to Small Penetrants and Their Connectivity in Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Modeling water diffusion in polybenzimidazole membranes using partial immobilization and free volume theory. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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110th Anniversary: Gas and Vapor Sorption in Glassy Polymeric Membranes—Critical Review of Different Physical and Mathematical Models. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Approaches to Suppress CO2-Induced Plasticization of Polyimide Membranes in Gas Separation Applications. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyimides with excellent physicochemical properties have aroused a great deal of interest as gas separation membranes; however, the severe performance decay due to CO2-induced plasticization remains a challenge. Fortunately, in recent years, advanced plasticization-resistant membranes of great commercial and environmental relevance have been developed. In this review, we investigate the mechanism of plasticization due to CO2 permeation, introduce effective methods to suppress CO2-induced plasticization, propose evaluation criteria to assess the reduced plasticization performance, and clarify typical methods used for designing anti-plasticization membranes.
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Humid permeation of CO2 and hydrocarbons in Aquivion® perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membranes, experimental and modeling. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Modeling gas permeability and diffusivity in HAB-6FDA polyimide and its thermally rearranged analogs. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Influence of toluene on CO2 and CH4 gas transport properties in thermally rearranged (TR) polymers based on 3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diamino-biphenyl (HAB) and 2,2′-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA). J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mathematical Modeling and Investigation on the Temperature and Pressure Dependency of Permeation and Membrane Separation Performance for Natural gas Treatment. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to special features, modules comprising asymmetric hollow fiber membranes are widely used in various industrial gas separation processes. Accordingly, numerous mathematical models have been proposed for predicting and analyzing the performance. However, majority of the proposed models for this purpose assume that membrane permeance remains constant upon changes in temperature and pressure. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed by taking into account non-ideal effects including changes in pressure and temperature in both sides of hollow fibers, concentration polarization and Joule-Thomson effects. Finite element method is employed to solve the governing equations and model is validated using experimental data. The effect of temperature and pressure dependency of permeance and separation performance of hollow fiber membrane modules is investigated in the case of CO2/CH4. The effect of temperature and pressure dependence of membrane permeance is studied by using type Arrhenius type and partial immobilization equations to understand which form of the equations fits experimental data best. Findings reveal that the prediction of membrane performance for CO2/CH4 separation is highly related to pressure and temperature; the models considering temperature and pressure dependence of membrane permeance match experimental data with higher accuracy. Also, results suggest that partial immobilization model represents a better prediction to the experimental data than Arrhenius type equation.
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Abstract
Diffusion of CO2 in polylactide was modelled by assuming the diffusion coefficient to depend on CO2 concentration, c, according to D[ c] = D[0]exp[ Ac], where D[0] and A are empirical constants, with the aim of optimizing impregnation of nominally amorphous and semicrystalline polylactide/CO2-based precursors for physical foaming. Numerical simulations provided a consistent description of desorption at different temperatures, T, from polylactide impregnated with liquid CO2 at 10℃ and 5 MPa, and D[0, T] could be represented analytically using Arrhenius or Williams–Landel–Ferry-type expressions, allowing interpolation and extrapolation. Sorption was argued on this basis to involve a step-like diffusion front, such that the CO2 content of a plate of thickness l increased as ( D[0] t)1/2 l−1 F[ Aco], where co is the value of c at saturation and F is a function of Aco only. A major practical concern with polylactide/CO2 precursors is that the glass transition temperature, Tg, decreases strongly with c, so that amorphous polylactide saturated with CO2 at 10℃ and 5 MPa degasses spontaneously at room temperature and pressure. However, it was inferred from the models and confirmed experimentally that partial impregnation in liquid CO2 for relatively short times could provide a relatively rapid means of preparing precursors with a roughly uniform CO2 content of around 0.1 g/g that were stable with respect to rapid CO2 loss on heating to room temperature. The resulting precursors gave satisfactory foam morphologies and densities on foaming at 100℃. Moreover, it was also possible to adapt the impregnation conditions so as to obtain partially foamed structures from semicrystalline polylactide under these conditions, in spite of its tendency to undergo cold crystallization during impregnation in liquid CO2, which suppressed expansion of saturated specimens at 100℃.
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Transport properties of trogamid: Comparison of different experimental techniques. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sorption and permeation behavior for CO2 in NH3-plasma-treated and untreated polystyrene membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gas and Vapor Sorption, Permeation, and Diffusion in Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether). Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oxygen Diffusion in Glassy Polymer Films: Effects of Other Gases and Changes in Pressure. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Rapidly developing analytical capabilities and continuously evolving stringent regulations have made food/package interactions a subject of intense research. This article focuses on: (1) the migration of package components such as oligomers and monomers, processing aids, additives, and residual reactants in to packaged foods, and (2) sorption of food components such as flavors, lipids, and moisture into packages. Principles of diffusion and thermodynamics are utilized to describe the mathematics of migration and sorption. Mathematical models are developed from first principles, and their applicability is illustrated using numerical simulations and published data. Simulations indicate that available models are system (polymer-penetrant) specific. Furthermore, some models best describe the early stages of migration/sorption, whereas others should be used for the late stages of these phenomena. Migration- and/or sorption-related problems with respect to glass, metal, paper-based and polymeric packaging materials are discussed, and their importance is illustrated using published examples. The effects of migrating and absorbed components on food safety, quality, and the environment are presented for various foods and packaging materials. The impact of currently popular packaging techniques such as microwavable, ovenable, and retortable packaging on migration and sorption are discussed with examples. Analytical techniques for investigating migration and sorption phenomena in food packaging are critically reviewed, with special emphasis on the use and characteristics of food-simulating liquids (FSLs). Finally, domestic and international regulations concerning migration in packaged foods, and their impact on food packaging is briefly presented.
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Plasticization of chitosan membrane for pervaporation of aqueous ethanol solution. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02705957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Activation barriers for oxygen diffusion in polystyrene and polycarbonate glasses: effects of codissolved argon, helium, and nitrogen. CAN J CHEM 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/v95-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed spectroscopic technique was used to determine oxygen diffusion coefficients as a function of temperature for polystyrene and polycarbonate films. Data were recorded at total pressures <300 Torr over the temperature range 5–45 °C under conditions in which argon, helium, and nitrogen, respectively, were copenetrants. In all cases, the presence of the additional gas caused an increase in the oxygen diffusion coefficient. Arrhenius plots of the data yield (a) a diffusion activation barrier, Eact, and (b) a diffusion coefficient, D0, that represents the condition of "barrier-free" gas transport for the temperature domain over which the Arrhenius plot is linear. For all cases examined in both polystyrene and polycarbonate, D0 increased with an increase in the partial pressure of added gas. In polystyrene, the presence of an additional gas did not change Eact. In polycarbonate, Eact obtained in the presence of helium and argon likewise did not differ from that obtained in the absence of the copenetrant. When nitrogen was the added gas, however, a larger value of Eact was obtained. This latter observation is interpreted to reflect the plasticization of polycarbonate by nitrogen. Eact and D0 data are discussed within the context of a model that distinguishes between dynamic and static elements of free volume in the polymer matrix. Keywords: oxygen diffusion, polystyrene, polycarbonate, activation barrier.
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Transport phenomena in gas permeation through glassy polymer membranes with concentration-dependent sorption and diffusion parameters. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02697468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Comparison of mixed and pure gas permeation characteristics for CO2 and CH4 in copolymers and blends containing methyl methacrylate units. J Memb Sci 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(93)85234-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gas permeation through glassy polymer membranes with relatively low glass-transition temperature. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02697376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A jump motion of small molecules in glassy polymers: A molecular dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Influence of Pressure Conditioning on the Gas Transport Properties of Imidized Polyamic Acid Films. Polym J 1989. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.21.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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