1
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Cicolella A, De Rosa C, Sepe E, De Stefano F, Giordano A, Scoti M. The Impact of Regiodefects on the Melt-Memory of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400233. [PMID: 38777345 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The memory of crystalline phase in the melt of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in regiodefective samples of iPP characterized by different concentrations regiodefects, constituted by secondary 2,1 propene units, is studied. The self-nucleation (SN) experiments have demonstrated that the presence of 2,1 regiodefects produces a strong memory of the crystalline phase in the melt that persists up to temperatures much higher than the melting temperature. The extension of the heterogeneous melt (domain II) containing self-nuclei increases with increasing the concentration of regiodefects. The higher the concentration of regiodefects the higher the temperature at which the self-nuclei are dissolved and the homogeneous melt is achieved. This demonstrates that a strong memory of the crystalline phase of iPP in the melt exists not only in copolymers with noncrystallizable bulky comonomeric units rejected from the crystals but even when small defects are largely included in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cicolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, Napoli, I-80138, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sepe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Italy
| | - Angelo Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Italy
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De Stefano F, Villaccio R, D'Anania O, Talarico G, De Rosa C, Scoti M. Combining Cyclic Units and Unsaturated Pendant Groups by Propene/1,5-Hexadiene Copolymerization Toward Functional Isotactic Polypropylene. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:407-414. [PMID: 38526911 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The precise use of a widely available and inexpensive metallocene catalyst enabled the synthesis of isotactic polypropylene copolymers characterized by the copresence of randomly distributed cyclic units in the backbone and unsaturated pendant units employing 1,5-hexadiene as comonomer. Optimization of the polymerization conditions avoided the cross-linking phenomena that negatively affects the material processing and final properties, resulting in good yields of samples featuring high molecular masses and a precisely controlled microstructure. Such polypropylene-based copolymers exhibit a broad spectrum of properties ranging from thermoplastic to surprising elastomeric behavior, with the additional value of being functionalizable by post-polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Villaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Olga D'Anania
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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3
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Scoti M, De Stefano F, Di Girolamo R, Malafronte A, Talarico G, De Rosa C. Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Propylene/4-Methyl-1-pentene Copolymers from a Metallocene Catalyst. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Propene-Octene Random Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194032. [PMID: 36235980 PMCID: PMC9572639 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization behavior of random propene-octene isotactic copolymers (iPPC8) prepared with a homogeneous metallocene catalyst has been studied. Samples of iPPC8 with low octene content up to about 7 mol% were isothermally crystallized from the melt at various crystallization temperatures. The samples crystallize in mixtures of the α and γ forms of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The relative amount of γ form increases with increasing crystallization temperature, and a maximum amount of γ form (fγ(max)) is achieved for each sample. The crystallization behavior of iPPC8 copolymers is compared with the crystallization from the melt of propene–ethylene, propene–butene, propene–pentene, and propene–hexene copolymers. The results show that the behavior of iPPC8 copolymers is completely different from those described in the literature for the other copolymers of iPP. In fact, the maximum amount of γ form achieved in samples of different copolymers of iPP generally increases with increasing comonomer content, while in iPPC8 copolymers the maximum amount of γ form decreases with increasing octene content. The different behaviors are discussed based on the inclusion of co-monomeric units in the crystals of α and γ forms of iPP or their exclusion from the crystals. In iPPC8 copolymers, octene units are excluded from the crystals giving only the interruption effect that shortens the length of regular propene sequences, inducing crystallization of the γ form at low octene concentrations, lower than 2 mol%. At higher octene concentration, the crystallization of the kinetically favored α form prevails.
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Melt-Crystallizations of α and γ Forms of Isotactic Polypropylene in Propene-Butene Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183873. [PMID: 36146019 PMCID: PMC9500696 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Random isotactic propene-butene copolymers (iPPC4) of different stereoregularity have been synthesized with three different homogeneous single center metallocene catalysts having different stereoselectivity. All samples crystallize from the polymerization solution in mixtures of α and γ forms, and the relative amount of γ form increases with increasing concentrations of butene and of rr stereodefects. All samples crystallize from the melt in mixtures of α and γ forms and the fraction of γ form increases with decreasing cooling rate. At high cooling rates, the crystallization of the α form is always favored, even for samples that contain high total concentration of defects that should crystallize in the γ form. The results demonstrate that in iPPs containing significant concentrations of defects, such as stereodefects and comonomeric units, the γ form is the thermodynamically stable form of iPP and crystallizes in selective conditions of very slow crystallization, whereas the α form is the kinetically favored form and crystallizes in conditions of fast crystallization.
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Scoti M, De Stefano F, Di Girolamo R, Talarico G, Malafronte A, De Rosa C. Crystallization of Propene–Pentene Isotactic Copolymers as an Indicator of the General View of the Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Paulik C, Tranninger C, Wang J, Shutov P, Mileva D, Gahleitner M. Catalyst Type Effects on Structure/Property Relations of Polypropylene Random Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paulik
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 Linz 4040 Austria
| | - Cornelia Tranninger
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Pavel Shutov
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Daniela Mileva
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
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Benarab A, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Krache R, Benavente R, Cerrada ML, Pérez E. Composites of a Polypropylene Random Copolymer and Date Stone Flour: Crystalline Details and Mechanical Response. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172957. [PMID: 34503000 PMCID: PMC8433710 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several composites were prepared based on a polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) and different amounts of date stone flour (DSF). This cellulosic fiber was silanized beforehand in order to reduce its hydrophilicity and improve the interfacial adhesion with the polymer. Other composites were also obtained, including a sorbitol derivative as an effective nucleant. Films made from these composites were prepared using two different thermal treatments, involving slow crystallization and rapid cooling from the melt. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphological features and the DSF particle dispersion within the PPR matrix. X-ray diffraction experiments and differential scanning calorimetry tests were employed to assess the crystalline characteristics and for the phase transitions, paying especial attention to the effects of the DSF and nucleating agent on PPR crystallization. An important nucleation ability was found for DSF, and evidently for the sorbitol derivative. The peak crystallization temperature upon cooling was considerably increased by the incorporation of either the nucleant or DSF. Additionally, a much higher proportion of orthorhombic crystals developed in relation to the monoclinic ones. Moreover, the mechanical responses were estimated from the microhardness experiments and significant improvements were found with increasing DSF contents. All of these findings indicate that the use of silanized DSF is a fairly good approach for the preparation of polymeric eco-composites, taking advantage of the widespread availability of this lignocellulosic material, which is otherwise wasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Benarab
- LMPM, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbes, Sétif 19000, Algeria; (A.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Rachida Krache
- LMPM, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbes, Sétif 19000, Algeria; (A.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Rosario Benavente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-B.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-912587577
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9
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An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162825. [PMID: 34451363 PMCID: PMC8400617 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pipes of polypropylene random (PP-R) copolymers are the best choice for hot- and cold-water networks. Validation of a severe test, accomplishing the ISO 1167 standard, is mandatory to assess their service lifetime expectancy. This work evaluates the behavior shown by three commercial pipes, either the original ones (new pipes) or after being subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test at elevated temperature (aged pipes). Several features with relevance for the final performance have been examined: crystalline characteristics, phase transitions in crystalline regions, effect of high temperature and pressure on these transitions, and oxidation induction time. Moreover, the presence of inorganic fillers, and the content of different antioxidants together with their depletion, have also been analyzed. Films from the new pipes were also prepared for replication of the different environments in order to achieve a better and complete understanding of the phase transitions in the crystalline regions and of the consumption of antioxidants. Distinct environments surrounded the inner and outer parts of the pipes exposed to the failure aging test at 110 °C: hot water and warm dry air, respectively. These features play a key role in the loss of additives and in the subsequent initiation of degradation. Even if the crystalline characteristics are appropriate in the polymeric matrix, the success of a pipe lies in the homogeneous dispersion of components for avoiding damage at interfacial properties, and in a correct package of antioxidants used in its formulation.
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Scoti M, Di Girolamo R, Giusto G, De Stefano F, Auriemma F, Malafronte A, Talarico G, De Rosa C. Mechanical Properties and Elastic Behavior of Copolymers of Syndiotactic Polypropylene with 1-Hexene and 1-Octene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovangiuseppe Giusto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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11
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Scoti M, Di Girolamo R, De Stefano F, Giordano A, Malafronte A, Talarico G, Cipullo R, De Rosa C. Synthesis, structure and properties of copolymers of syndiotactic polypropylene with 1-hexene and 1-octene. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of long branches, such as 1-hexene or 1-octene, in syndiotactic polypropylene gives novel elastomeric materials, whose crystallization behavior and elastic properties can be easily tailored through tuning of the branches concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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12
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De Rosa C, Scoti M, Ruiz de Ballesteros O, Di Girolamo R, Auriemma F, Malafronte A. Propylene–Butene Copolymers: Tailoring Mechanical Properties from Isotactic Polypropylene to Polybutene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Odda Ruiz de Ballesteros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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13
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De Rosa C, Scoti M, Di Girolamo R, Ballesteros OR, Auriemma F, Malafronte A. Polymorphism in polymers: A tool to tailor material's properties. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Odda Ruiz Ballesteros
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
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14
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Barranco-García R, López-Majada JM, Lorenzo V, Gómez-Elvira JM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Confinement of iPP chains in the interior of SBA-15 mesostructure ascertained by gas transport properties in iPP-SBA-15 nanocomposites prepared by extrusion. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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16
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Satti A, Ressia J, Molinari E, Ciolino A, Vallés E. Metallocenic polyolefin composites with siloxane polymer additives. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Satti A, Ressia J, Cerrada M, Andreucetti N, Vallés E. Rheological analysis of irradiated crosslinkable and scissionable polymers used for medical devices under different radiation conditions. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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García-Peñas A, Gómez-Elvira JM, Lorenzo V, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Influence of polymorphism and the new trigonal modification on the mechanical response of isotactic poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-hexene) terpolymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Influence of stereospecificity and molecular weight on mechanical properties of iso-syndio-polypropylene obtained by combination of metallocene catalysts. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Janani H, Alamo RG. Mechanical properties and stress-induced polymorphic transformations of blends of random isotactic propylene-1-hexene copolymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Paredes B, van Grieken R, Carrero A, Lopez-Moya E. Bimodal polypropylene through binary metallocene catalytic systems: comparison between hybrid and mixed heterogeneous catalysts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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García-Peñas A, Gómez-Elvira JM, de la Orden MU, Cerrada ML, Pérez E. Mesophase features in isotactic poly(propylene- co-1-heptene) copolymers. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Peñas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - José M Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - María U de la Orden
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/Arcos de Jalón, 118 28037 Madrid Spain
- Research Group ‘Polímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones’ (U.A. of ICTP-CSIC), E.T.S.I. Industriales; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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23
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García-Peñas A, Gómez-Elvira JM, Lorenzo V, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Mechanical and Transport Properties of Poly(propylene-co-1-heptene) Copolymers and Their Dependence on Monoclinic and/or Mesomorphic Polymorphs. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:1347-56. [PMID: 26844924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(propylene-co-1-heptene) copolymers have been evaluated in a wide 1-heptene content range. Two different polymorphs can be observed in this interval under the processing conditions imposed: monoclinic crystallites and mesomorphic entities. The unique presence of one or the other lattice at specific content or the coexistence of both of them at the intermediate composition interval is a key factor affecting some of the exhibited properties. The influence is observed in characteristics mainly dependent on either crystalline structure, like rigidity, or the amorphous regions, as location and intensity of glass transition. To get a deeper understanding, the transition from mesophase to monoclinic crystallites has also been studied by DSC and by WAXS and SAXS experiments using synchrotron radiation. It is observed that this transformation is only partial and just involves one-third of the initial ordered mesomorphic entities. Permeability to different gases is mainly dependent on amorphous content and hindrance that monoclinic or mesomorphic entities impose on those disordered regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Peñas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Lorenzo
- Grupo de Investigación "POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones" (U. A. del ICTP-CSIC), E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Synthesis, characterization and properties of poly(propylene-1-octene)/graphite nanosheet nanocomposites obtained by in situ polymerization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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García-Peñas A, Gómez-Elvira JM, Lorenzo V, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Synthesis, molecular characterization, evaluation of polymorphic behavior and indentation response in isotactic poly(propylene-co-1-heptene) copolymers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Arranz-Andrés J, Parrilla R, Cerrada ML, Pérez E. Mesophase Formation in Random Propylene-co-1-octene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401539u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Parrilla
- Centro Tecnológico Repsol, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Bejarano J, Benavente R, Pérez E, Wilhelm M, Quijada R, Palza H. Effect of Polymer Structure and Incorporation of Nanoparticles on the Behavior of Syndiotactic Polypropylenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bejarano
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Biotecnologia, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas; Universidad de Chile; Beauchef 861, Casilla 277 Santiago Chile
| | - Rosario Benavente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006-Madrid Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 28006-Madrid Spain
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Institute of Chemical Technology and Polymerchemistry; Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Raúl Quijada
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Biotecnologia, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas; Universidad de Chile; Beauchef 861, Casilla 277 Santiago Chile
| | - Humberto Palza
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Biotecnologia, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas; Universidad de Chile; Beauchef 861, Casilla 277 Santiago Chile
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28
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Cerrada ML, Fernández-García M, Kubacka A, Ferrer M, Fernández-García M. Biodegradable polycaprolactone-titania nanocomposites: preparation, characterization and antimicrobial properties. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9249-66. [PMID: 23629663 PMCID: PMC3676781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites obtained from the incorporation of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles (≈10 nm average primary particle size) in different amounts, ranging from 0.5 to 5 wt.%, into a biodegradable polycaprolactone matrix are achieved via a straightforward and commercial melting processing. The resulting nanocomposites have been structurally and thermally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide/small angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS/SAXS, respectively) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TEM evaluation provides evidence of an excellent nanometric dispersion of the oxide component in the polymeric matrix, with aggregates having an average size well below 100 nm. Presence of these TiO2 nanoparticles induces a nucleant effect during polymer crystallization. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites has been tested using both UV and visible light against Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal behavior has been explained through the analysis of the material optical properties, with a key role played by the creation of new electronic states within the polymer-based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.L.C.); (M.F.-G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.M.-B.); (A.K.); Tel.: +34-91-5622900 (ext. 331) (A.M.-B.); +34-91585939 (A.K.); Fax: +34-91-5644853 (A.M.-B.); +34-91-5854760 (A.K.)
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.L.C.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.L.C.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Anna Kubacka
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, (ICP-CSIC), C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.F.); (M.F.-G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.M.-B.); (A.K.); Tel.: +34-91-5622900 (ext. 331) (A.M.-B.); +34-91585939 (A.K.); Fax: +34-91-5644853 (A.M.-B.); +34-91-5854760 (A.K.)
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, (ICP-CSIC), C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.F.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Marcos Fernández-García
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, (ICP-CSIC), C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.F.); (M.F.-G.)
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29
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Benavente R, Caveda S, Pérez E, Blazquez E, Peña B, Grieken RV, Suárez I. Influence of β-nucleation on polymorphism and properties in random copolymers and terpolymers of propylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Pérez E, Gómez-Elvira JM, Benavente R, Cerrada ML. Tailoring the Formation Rate of the Mesophase in Random Propylene-co-1-pentene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3012834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Benavente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Serrano C, Cerrada ML, Fernández-García M, Ressia J, Vallés EM. Rheological and structural details of biocidal iPP-TiO2 nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Enhancing the formation of the new trigonal polymorph in isotactic propene-1-pentene copolymers: Determination of the X-ray crystallinity. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Arranz-Andrés J, Lorenzo V, de la Orden M, Pérez E, Cerrada M. Tailoring transport properties in blends based on olephinic and liquid crystalline polymers. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Characterization and properties of ethylene-propylene copolymers synthesized with homogeneous and supported metallocene catalyst in the whole range of compositions. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-0407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Di Girolamo R, Romano L, De Luca MR. A New Mesophase of Isotactic Polypropylene in Copolymers of Propylene with Long Branched Comonomers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Romano
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mattia Roberto De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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36
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Development of the mesomorphic phase in isotactic propene/higher α-olefin copolymers at intermediate comonomer content and its effect on properties. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Cerrada ML, Pérez E, Benavente R, Ressia J, Sarmoria C, Vallés EM. Gamma polymorph and branching formation as inductors of resistance to electron beam irradiation in metallocene isotactic polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Comonomer Length Influence on the Structure and Mechanical Response of Metallocenic Polypropylenic Materials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Ruiz de Ballesteros O, Resconi L, Camurati I. Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Propylene-Ethylene and Propylene-Butene Copolymers:? Effect of Comonomers
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Stereodefects on Crystallization Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070409+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica �Paolo Corradini�, Universit� di Napoli �Federico II�, Complesso Monte S.
Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G.
Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Chimica �Paolo Corradini�, Universit� di Napoli �Federico II�, Complesso Monte S.
Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G.
Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Odda Ruiz de Ballesteros
- Dipartimento di Chimica �Paolo Corradini�, Universit� di Napoli �Federico II�, Complesso Monte S.
Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G.
Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Resconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica �Paolo Corradini�, Universit� di Napoli �Federico II�, Complesso Monte S.
Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G.
Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabella Camurati
- Dipartimento di Chimica �Paolo Corradini�, Universit� di Napoli �Federico II�, Complesso Monte S.
Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy, and Basell Polyolefins, Centro Ricerche G. Natta, P.le G.
Donegani 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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40
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Arranz-Andrés J, Suárez I, Peña B, Benavente R, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Metallocenic Isotactic Poly(propylene) and its Copolymers with 1-Hexene and Ethylene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Arranz-Andrés J, Peña B, Benavente R, Pérez E, Cerrada M. Influence of isotacticity and molecular weight on the properties of metallocenic isotactic polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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