Management of Air Leaks in the Newborn.
Adv Neonatal Care 2023;
23:160-166. [PMID:
36719092 DOI:
10.1097/anc.0000000000001040]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Air leaks, especially pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), are increasingly uncommon respiratory complications of the newborn. Despite PIE having a decreasing incidence, it continues to have a high morbidity and mortality rate. This makes PIE one of the most severe respiratory complications to affect a newborn. Air leaks occur when there is overdistension of the terminal airways or alveoli, which results in air dissecting into extra-alveolar spaces. Recognizing the signs of air leaks is paramount to allow for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the newborn to improve morbidity and mortality. Treatment modalities range from positioning the newborn in the decubitus position to surgical intervention.
PURPOSE
To summarize current evidence on the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and management of PIE and pneumothorax.
DATA SOURCES
Two databases were systematically reviewed with key words later. Articles in English with date restrictions from 2016 to current were included.
STUDY SELECTION
Inclusion criteria of randomized controlled trials, case studies/reports, and review articles were utilized. Twenty articles, primarily case reports and studies, were reviewed.
DATA EXTRACTION
Guidelines for data abstraction were followed via independent extraction by a single observer.
RESULTS
Qualitative results were utilized to formulate current treatment of air leaks.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
This article provides guidance for frontline neonatal providers on current treatment and management of air leaks in the newborn population.
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