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Karunasinghe N. Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123206. [PMID: 36551962 PMCID: PMC9775643 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction-With the high global prevalence of prostate cancer and associated mortalities, it is important to enhance current clinical practices for better prostate cancer outcomes. The current review is towards understanding the value of Zn towards this mission. Method-General information on Zn in biology and multiple aspects of Zn involvement in prostate health and disease were referred to in PubMed. Results-The most influential feature of Zn towards prostate health is its ability to retain sufficient citrate levels for a healthy prostate. Zn deficiencies were recorded in serum, hair, and prostate tissue of men with prostate cancer compared to non-cancer controls. Zn gut absorption, albumin binding, and storage compete with various factors. There are multiple associations of Zn cellular influx and efflux transporters, Zn finger proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, and Zn signaling with prostate cancer outcomes. Such Zn marker variations associated with prostate cancer recorded from biological matrices may improve algorithms for prostate cancer screening, prognosis, and management when coupled with standard clinical practices. Discussion-The influence of Zn in prostatic health and disease is multidimensional, therefore more personalized Zn requirements may be beneficial. Several opportunities exist to utilize and improve understanding of Zn associations with prostate health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Zaichick V. A Systematic Review of the Zinc Content of the Normal Human Prostate Gland. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3593-3607. [PMID: 33237491 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the Zn level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Zn content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis presents the published data for Zn content analyzed in prostatic tissue of "normal" glands. This evaluation reviewed 1885 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier-Embase, and Cochrane Library. In addition, the personal archive of the author collected from 1966 to 2020 was also used. The articles were analyzed and "median of means" and "range of means" were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Zn content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 105 studies, which included 3735 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Zn content reported in the literature for "normal" gland varies widely from 17 to 547 mg/kg with median of means 109 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. The Zn content depends on many factors such as analytical method, age, level of androgens, dietary Zn intake, and the prostatic region and fraction of prostate tissue being studied. Finally, because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zaichick
- Department of Radionuclide Diagnostics, Medical Radiological Research Center, Korolyev St.- 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia, 249036.
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Rusch P, Hirner AV, Schmitz O, Kimmig R, Hoffmann O, Diel M. Zinc distribution within breast cancer tissue of different intrinsic subtypes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:195-205. [PMID: 32930875 PMCID: PMC7854450 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To show feasibility of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) for analysis of zinc content and concentration in breast cancer tissue and to correlate this with validated prognostic and predictive markers, i.e. histological grading and expression of steroid receptors (estrogen receptor, ER; progesterone receptor, PR) and human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2 (Her2). METHODS 28 samples of human invasive ductal breast cancer tissue were subclassified into groups of four different intrinsic subtypes according to the expression of ER, PR and Her2 by immunohistological staining and then analyzed for zinc content and distribution by LA-ICPMS applying a calibration technique based on spiked polyacrylamide gels. A correlation of zinc concentration with histological grading and molecular subtypes was analyzed. RESULTS Consistent with results of a pilot-study LA-ICPMS was feasible to show zinc accumulation in cancerous tissue, even more adjacent healthy stroma was with proportional increase of zinc. Zinc levels were most elevated in triple-positive (TPBC) and in triple-negative (TNB) breast cancers. CONCLUSION LA-ICPMS was feasible to confirm a connection between zinc and grade of malignancy; furthermore, focusing on a correlation of zinc and intrinsic breast cancer subtypes, LA-ICPMS depicted an upwards trend of zinc for "high-risk-cancers" with highest levels in Her2-positive and in triple-negative (TNBC) disease. The currently uncommon alliance of clinicians and analytical chemists in basic research is most promising to exploit the full potential of diagnostic accuracy in the efforts to solve the enigma of breast cancer initiation and course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rusch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Alfred V Hirner
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Maxim Diel
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Ovais M, Mukherjee S, Pramanik A, Das D, Mukherjee A, Raza A, Chen C. Designing Stimuli-Responsive Upconversion Nanoparticles that Exploit the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000055. [PMID: 32227413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring personalized cancer nanomedicines demands detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, smart upconversion nanoparticles with the ability to exploit the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment for precise targeting have been designed. To activate upconversion nanoparticles, various bio-physicochemical characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, namely, acidic pH, redox reactants, and hypoxia, are exploited. Stimuli-responsive upconversion nanoparticles also utilize the excessive presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), riboflavin, and Zn2+ in tumors. An overview of the design of stimulus-responsive upconversion nanoparticles that precisely target and respond to tumors via targeting the tumor microenvironment and intracellular signals is provided. Detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the personalized design of upconversion nanoparticles will result in more effective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main St Ste 1030, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Devlina Das
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641004, India
| | - Anubhab Mukherjee
- Department of Formulation, R&D, Aavishkar Oral Strips Pvt. Ltd., Cherlapally, Hyderabad, 500051, India
| | - Abida Raza
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories (NNRL), National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Lehtrar Road, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Wakwe VC, Odum EP, Amadi C. The impact of plasma zinc status on the severity of prostate cancer disease. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:162-168. [PMID: 31098423 PMCID: PMC6495034 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The severity of prostate cancer (PCa), which determines the disease progression, is theorized to be a function of zinc status. Hence, this study was structured to determine the impact of zinc status on the severity and progression of PCa disease. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 220 histologically-confirmed PCa patients and 220 age-matched controls, conducted prospectively in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Plasma zinc, prostate-specific antigen, creatinine, fasting glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined for both study groups. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades and the American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging were employed as indices for PCa severity (grade) and progression (stage) respectively. Results The PCa patients had markedly reduced plasma zinc status compared to controls (cases: 9.42±3.02 µmol/L versus controls: 15.23±4.47 µmol/L; p<0.001). Low zinc status was more pronounced within the severe grade and advanced PCa disease subgroups (p<0.001). Inverse relationships existed between zinc status and ISUP grades among the entire PCa patient (p<0.001) and the categorized PCa grade and stage subgroups (p<0.001). Low zinc status had significant impact of predicting severe (crude=odds ratio [OR], 8.714; p<0.001; age-adjusted=OR, 11.152; p<0.001) and advanced (crude=OR, 17.160; p<0.001; age-adjusted=OR, 18.927; p<0.001) PCa disease. Conclusions This study suggests that low plasma zinc status is associated with severe grade and advanced PCa disease. However, further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are warranted to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Wakwe
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ehimen P Odum
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Collins Amadi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Generation and characterization of a specific single-chain antibody against DSPP as a prostate cancer biomarker: Involvement of bioinformatics-based design of novel epitopes. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:217-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gutiérrez-González E, Castelló A, Fernández-Navarro P, Castaño-Vinyals G, Llorca J, Salas D, Salcedo-Bellido I, Aragonés N, Fernández-Tardón G, Alguacil J, Gracia-Lavedan E, García-Esquinas E, Gómez-Acebo I, Amiano P, Romaguera D, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B. Dietary Zinc and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Spain: MCC-Spain Study. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010018. [PMID: 30577563 PMCID: PMC6356690 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a key trace element in normal prostate cell metabolism, and is decreased in neoplastic cells. However, the association between dietary zinc and prostate cancer (PC) in epidemiologic studies is a conflicting one. Our aim was to explore this association in an MCC-Spain case-control study, considering tumor aggressiveness and extension, as well as genetic susceptibility to PC. 733 incident cases and 1228 population-based controls were included for this study. Dietary zinc was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and genetic susceptibility was assessed with a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based polygenic risk score (PRS). The association between zinc intake and PC was evaluated with mixed logistic and multinomial regression models. They showed an increased risk of PC in those with higher intake of zinc (Odds Ratio (OR) tertile 3vs1: 1.39; 95% Confidence interval (CI):1.00–1.95). This association was mainly observed in low grade PC (Gleason = 6 RRR tertile 3vs1: 1.76; 95% CI:1.18–2.63) as well as in localized tumors (cT1-cT2a RRR tertile 3vs1: 1.40; 95% CI:1.00–1.95) and among those with higher PRS (OR tertile 3vs1: 1.50; 95% CI:0.89–2.53). In conclusion, a higher dietary zinc intake could increase the risk of low grade and localized tumors. Men with higher genetic susceptibility might also have a higher risk of PC associated with this nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gutiérrez-González
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine Teaching Unit. National School of Public Health. Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adela Castelló
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases. National Centre for Epidemiology. Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases. National Centre for Epidemiology. Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Llorca
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Dolores Salas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Área de Cáncer y Salud Pública, FISABIO-Salud Pública, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad de Granada-ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Oncology Institute IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Asturias, Spain.
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Esther Gracia-Lavedan
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Idipaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Health Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Dora Romaguera
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases. National Centre for Epidemiology. Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine Teaching Unit. National School of Public Health. Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases. National Centre for Epidemiology. Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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To study the relationship between cadmium, zinc and mtDNA copy number in North Indian patients suffering from prostate cancer: A case control study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Dong M, Hu X, Liu L, Li S, Li C, Yang L, Xiao Y, Pang S, Wang C. Prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting with metastases to the testis and epididymis: A case report. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:792-794. [PMID: 26870285 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few cases of testicular metastases from prostate carcinoma have been reported, and asymptomatic metastases of prostate carcinoma to both the testis and epididymis are extremely rare. The current study presents the case of a 69-year-old male with testicular and epididymal metastases from prostate carcinoma. The patient was admitted to The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang with a 2-year history of lower urinary tract symptoms. Digital rectal examination revealed an enlarged multinodular prostate, and the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was >100 ng/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging showed prostate carcinoma with seminal vesicle involvement. A prostate biopsy showed prostate gland adenocarcinoma. The Gleason score was 3+3. The immunohistochemistry results were as follows: Prostatic acid phosphatase (+++), PSA (+++), P504s (+++), p63 (-) and cytokeratin 34βE12 (-), with a Ki-67 of ~5%. The patient was treated with a bilateral orchiectomy. The testicular pathology showed that the right testis and epididymis were invaded with metastatic adenocarcinoma. The left testis and epididymis were normal. The patient was treated with conventional flutamide endocrine therapy. At present the patient remains in a stable condition after 24 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Science and Technology University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Shujian Pang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Lahav G, Shilstein S, Shchemelinin S, Ikher S, Halperin D, Chechik R, Breskin A. X-ray fluorescence-based differentiation of neck tissues in a bovine model: implications for potential intraoperative use. Phys Med 2015; 31:233-41. [PMID: 25677045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of using X-ray fluorescence (XRF)-based trace-element analysis for differentiation of various bovine neck tissues. It is motivated by the requirement for an intra-operative in-vivo method for identifying parathyroid glands, particularly beneficial in surgery in the central neck-compartment. Using a dedicated X-ray spectral analysis, we examined ex-vivo XRF spectra from various histologically verified fresh neck tissues from cow, which was chosen as the animal model; these tissues included fat, muscle, thyroid, parathyroid, lymph nodes, thymus and salivary gland. The data for six trace elements K, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb and I, provided the basis for tissue identification by using multi-parameter analysis of the recorded XRF spectra. It is shown that the combination of XRF signals from these elements is sufficient for a reliable tissue differentiation. The average total abundance of these trace elements was evaluated in each tissue type, including parathyroid and salivary gland for the first time. It is shown that some tissues can unequivocally be identified on the basis of the abundance of a single element, for example, iodine and zinc for the identification of thyroid gland and muscle, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lahav
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Shilstein
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - S Shchemelinin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Ikher
- Department of Pathology, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Halperin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Chechik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Breskin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Popovics P, Frigo DE, Schally AV, Rick FG. Targeting the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and related metabolic pathways for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:617-32. [PMID: 25600663 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence suggests that prostate cancer cells undergo unique metabolic reprogramming during transformation. A master regulator of cellular homeostasis, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), directs metabolic adaptation that supports the growth demands of rapidly dividing cancer cells. The utilization of AMPK as a therapeutic target may therefore provide an effective strategy in the treatment of prostate cancer. AREAS COVERED Our review describes the regulation of AMPK by androgens and upstream kinases including the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in prostate cancer. Oncogenic, AMPK-regulated pathways that direct various metabolic processes are also addressed. Furthermore, we discuss the role of AMPK in growth arrest and autophagy as a potential survival pathway for cancer cells. In addition, by regulating non-metabolic pathways, AMPK may stimulate migration and mitosis. Finally, this review summarizes efforts to treat prostate cancer with pharmacological agents capable of modulating AMPK signaling. EXPERT OPINION Current research is primarily focused on developing drugs that activate AMPK as a treatment for prostate cancer. However, oncogenic aspects of AMPK signaling calls for caution about employing such therapies. We think that inhibitors of CaMKK2 or AMPK, or perhaps the modulation of downstream targets of AMPK, will gain importance in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education , Research (151) 2A127, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125 , USA +1 305 5753477 ; +1 305 5753126 ;
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12
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Franz MC, Anderle P, Bürzle M, Suzuki Y, Freeman MR, Hediger MA, Kovacs G. Zinc transporters in prostate cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:735-41. [PMID: 23506906 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health concern as it has the second highest incidence rate among cancers in men. Despite progress in tumor diagnostics and therapeutic approaches, prognosis for men with advanced disease remains poor. In this review we provide insight into the changes of the intermediary metabolism in normal prostate and prostate cancer. In contrast to normal cells, prostate cancer cells are reprogrammed for optimal energy-efficiency with a functional Krebs cycle and minimal apoptosis rates. A key element in this relationship is the uniquely high zinc level of normal prostate epithelial cells. Zinc is transported by the SLC30 and SLC39 families of zinc transporters. However, in prostate cancer the intracellular zinc content is remarkably reduced and expression levels of certain zinc transporters are altered. Here, we summarize the role of different zinc transporters in the development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Franz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Assessing prostate cancer growth with citrate measured by intact tissue proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 15:278-82. [PMID: 22289782 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual PSA tests have led to a significant increase in the number of prostate cancer (PCa) cases diagnosed. This increased incidence has led to overtreatment of many patients, as current pathology often cannot distinguish latent from aggressive PCa. Studies have shown that the depletion of zinc in prostate cells correlated with cell-line growth rates, and may therefore relate to the progression of PCa. Furthermore, as zinc is normally an inhibitor of citrate oxidation, the reduction of zinc in PCa may cause a decrease in citrate secretion levels in the glandular epithelia of PCa patients. METHODS Using high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy followed by quantitative histopathology, we investigate unit histo-benign prostate epithelial citrate concentrations in intact tissue samples obtained from 18 patients with pre-surgical PSA values less than 20 ng/ml. Using these data, we evaluate correlations between citrate concentrations and PSA velocities, densities and blood percent-free PSA. RESULTS We observe different linear patterns between citrate concentrations and histo-benign glandular epithelia from patients of different PSA velocities. More importantly, we obtain a significant correlation between PSA velocity, density and percent-free PSA, and citrate concentrations in unit volume of histo-benign epithelial glands of the peripheral zone. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of citrate in unit volume represent rapidly increasing PSA values, and, therefore, may be used as an indicator of fast-growing PCa. Thus, tissue samples obtained at the time of biopsy may be evaluated for their citrate concentrations for the prediction of PCa growth rates, allowing for the implementation of alternative treatment options and reducing overtreatment.
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Banas AM, Banas K. Response to commentary "Zinc is decreased in prostate cancer: an established relationship of prostate cancer!". J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 16:9-13. [PMID: 21140180 PMCID: PMC3019356 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maria Banas
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore.
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