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Nawas AF, Solmonson A, Gao B, DeBerardinis RJ, Minna JD, Conacci-Sorrell M, Mendelson CR. IL-1β mediates the induction of immune checkpoint regulators IDO1 and PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:331. [PMID: 37985999 PMCID: PMC10658741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation plays a significant role in various cancers, including lung cancer, where the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is often elevated in the tumor microenvironment. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma show higher levels of serum IL-1β compared to healthy individual. Moreover, IL-1β blockade reduces the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. Our prior studies revealed that alveolar type-II cells, the precursors for lung adenocarcinoma, display an induction in the expression of the enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) during normal lung development. This induction of TDO2 coincides with an increase in IL-1β levels and is likely caused by IL-1β. Given that cancer cells can co-opt developmentally regulated pathways, we hypothesized that IL-1β may exert its pro-tumoral function by stimulating TDO2 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), parallel enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into the immune-suppressive oncometabolite kynurenine (Kyn). Our goal was to determine whether IL-1β is a common upstream regulator of immune checkpoint regulators. METHODS To determine whether IL-1β regulates IDO1, TDO2, PD-L1, and PD-L2, we measured mRNA and protein levels in lung adenocarcinoma cells lines (A549, H1792, H1838, H2347, H2228, HCC364 and HCC827) grown in 2D or 3D and in immortalized normal lung epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT and HSAEC1-KT). To determine the importance of the NFκB pathway in mediating IL-1β -regulated cellular effects, we used siRNA to knockdown RelA/p65 in IL-1β treated cells. The levels of Trp and Kyn in the IL-1β-treated cells and media were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Upon IL-1β stimulation, lung adenocarcinoma cells exhibited significant increases in IDO1 mRNA and protein levels, a response that depended on the NFκB pathway. Interestingly, this induction was more pronounced in 3D spheroid cultures compared to monolayer cultures and was not observed in normal immortalized lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, the conversion of Trp to Kyn increased in cells exposed to IL-1β, aligning with the heightened IDO1 expression. Remarkably, IL-1β also upregulated the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 in multiple cell lines, indicating that IL-1β triggers parallel immune-suppressive mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that lung adenocarcinoma cells, but not normal immortalized lung epithelial cells, respond to IL-1β signaling by inducing the expression of parallel immune checkpoint proteins that have the potential to promote immune evasion. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Fathima Nawas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Tong Y, Cao Y, Jin T, Huang Z, He Q, Mao M. Role of Interleukin-1 family in bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951167. [PMID: 36237303 PMCID: PMC9552844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most fatal diseases in male patients with high bone metastatic potential. Bone metastasis severely shortens overall survival and brings skeletal-related events (SREs) which reduces the life quality of patients, and this situation is currently regarded as irreversible and incurable. The progression and metastasis of PCa are found to be closely associated with inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. As pivotal members of inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family plays a crucial role in this process. Elevated expression of IL-1 family was detected in PCa patients with bone metastasis, and accumulating evidences proved that IL-1 family could exert vital effects on the progression and bone metastasis of many cancers, while some members have dual effects. In this review, we discuss the role of IL-1 family in the bone metastasis of PCa. Furthermore, we demonstrate that many members of IL-1 family could act as pivotal biomarkers to predict the clinical stage and prognosis of PCa patients. More importantly, we have elucidated the role of IL-1 family in the bone metastasis of PCa, which could provide potential targets for the treatment of PCa bone metastasis and probable directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Tong
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhe Jin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Organization Department, Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Mao,
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Thomas-Jardin SE, Kanchwala MS, Dahl H, Liu V, Ahuja R, Soundharrajan R, Roos N, Diep S, Sandhu A, Xing C, Delk NA. Chronic IL-1 Exposed AR + PCa Cell Lines Show Conserved Loss of IL-1 Sensitivity and Evolve Both Conserved and Unique Differential Gene Expression Profiles. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:248-260. [PMID: 34988553 PMCID: PMC8725614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation drives prostate cancer (PCa) progression. While inflammation is a cancer hallmark, the underlying mechanisms mediating inflammation-induced PCa are still under investigation. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that promotes cancer progression, including PCa metastasis and castration resistance. We previously found that acute IL-1 exposure represses PCa androgen receptor (AR) expression concomitant with the upregulation of pro-survival proteins, causing de novo accumulation of castration-resistant PCa cells. However, acute inflammation is primarily anti-tumorigenic, while chronic inflammation is pro-tumorigenic. Thus, using the LNCaP PCa cell line as model, we found that PCa cells can evolve insensitivity to chronic IL-1 exposure, restoring AR and AR activity and acquiring castration resistance. In this paper we expanded our chronic IL-1 model to include the MDA-PCa-2b PCa cell line to investigate the response to acute versus chronic IL-1 exposure and to compare the gene expression patterns that evolve in the LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells chronically exposed to IL-1. METHODS We chronically exposed MDA-PCa-2b cells to IL-1α or IL-1β for several months to establish sublines. Once established, we determined subline sensitivity to exogenous IL-1 using cell viability assay, RT-qPCR and western blot. RNA sequencing was performed for parental and subline cells and over representation analysis (ORA) for geneset enrichment of biological process/pathway was performed. RESULTS MDA-PCa-2b cells repress AR and AR activity in response to acute IL-1 exposure and evolve insensitivity to chronic IL-1 exposure. While cell biological and molecular response to acute IL-1 signaling is primarily conserved in LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells, including upregulation of NF-κB signaling and downregulation of cell proliferation, the LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells evolve conserved and unique molecular responses to chronic IL-1 signaling that may promote or support tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Our chronic IL-1 subline models can be used to identify underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate IL-1-induced PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna E. Thomas-Jardin
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Kanchwala
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Haley Dahl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Vivian Liu
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Rohan Ahuja
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Reshma Soundharrajan
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Nicole Roos
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Sydney Diep
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Amrit Sandhu
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nikki A. Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Nikki A. Delk;
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Culig Z. Response to Androgens and Androgen Receptor Antagonists in the Presence of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122944. [PMID: 34204596 PMCID: PMC8231240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous tumor in men in the Western world. Therapy for non-organ confined prostate cancer includes anti-androgens such as bicalutamide, enzalutamide and darolutamide. The androgen receptor is expressed during tumor initiation and progression. Androgen receptor could be activated by interleukins, which are produced by blood cells and adjacent stroma. These cytokines may affect response of tumor cells to anti-androgenic drugs, which are commonly used in prostate cancer therapy. There are several experimental studies showing an effect of anti-cytokine therapies in prostate cancer. However, the clinical translation is limited and more clinical trials are needed to improve action of anti-androgens in prostate cells which are stimulated by cytokines. Abstract Non-steroidal anti-androgens have a major role in the treatment of non-localized prostate cancer. Interleukins are involved in the regulation of many cellular functions in prostate cancer and also modify cellular response to anti-androgens. A specific role of selected IL is presented in this review. IL-8 is a cytokine expressed in prostate cancer tissue and microenvironment and promotes proliferation and androgen receptor-mediated transcription. In contrast, IL-1 displays negative effects on expression of androgen receptor and its target genes. A subgroup of prostate cancers show neuroendocrine differentiation, which may be in part stimulated by androgen ablation. A similar effect was observed after treatment of cells with IL-10. Another cytokine which is implicated in regulation of androgenic response is IL-23, secreted by myeloid cells. Most studies on androgens and IL were carried out with IL-6, which acts through the signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT) factor pathway. IL-6 is implicated in resistance to enzalutamide. Activation of the STAT-3 pathway is associated with increased cellular stemness. IL-6 activation of the androgen receptor in some prostate cancers is associated with increased growth in vitro and in vivo. Molecules such as galiellalactone or niclosamide have an inhibitory effect on both androgen receptor and STAT-3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Dahl HC, Kanchwala M, Thomas-Jardin SE, Sandhu A, Kanumuri P, Nawas AF, Xing C, Lin C, Frigo DE, Delk NA. Chronic IL-1 exposure drives LNCaP cells to evolve androgen and AR independence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242970. [PMID: 33326447 PMCID: PMC7743957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. We previously reported that acute intereluekin-1 (IL-1) exposure represses androgen receptor (AR) accumulation and activity, providing a possible mechanism for IL-1-mediated development of androgen- and AR-independent PCa. Given that acute inflammation is quickly resolved, and chronic inflammation is, instead, co-opted by cancer cells to promote tumorigenicity, we set out to determine if chronic IL-1 exposure leads to similar repression of AR and AR activity observed for acute IL-1 exposure and to determine if chronic IL-1 exposure selects for androgen- and AR-independent PCa cells. We generated isogenic sublines from LNCaP cells chronically exposed to IL-1α or IL-1β. Cells were treated with IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα or HS-5 bone marrow stromal cells conditioned medium to assess cell viability in the presence of cytotoxic inflammatory cytokines. Cell viability was also assessed following serum starvation, AR siRNA silencing and enzalutamide treatment. Finally, RNA sequencing was performed for the IL-1 sublines. MTT, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis show that the sublines evolved resistance to inflammation-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular signaling and evolved reduced sensitivity to siRNA-mediated loss of AR, serum deprivation and enzalutamide. Differential gene expression reveals that canonical AR signaling is aberrant in the IL-1 sublines, where the cells show constitutive PSA repression and basally high KLK2 and NKX3.1 mRNA levels and bioinformatics analysis predicts that pro-survival and pro-tumorigenic pathways are activated in the sublines. Our data provide evidence that chronic IL-1 exposure promotes PCa cell androgen and AR independence and, thus, supports CRPCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C. Dahl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Shayna E. Thomas-Jardin
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Amrit Sandhu
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Preethi Kanumuri
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Afshan F. Nawas
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nikki A. Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
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Franko A, Berti L, Guirguis A, Hennenlotter J, Wagner R, Scharpf MO, de Angelis MH, Wißmiller K, Lickert H, Stenzl A, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Häring HU, Lutz SZ, Heni M. Characterization of Hormone-Dependent Pathways in Six Human Prostate-Cancer Cell Lines: A Gene-Expression Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1174. [PMID: 33036464 PMCID: PMC7599530 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most incident cancer in men, is tightly regulated by endocrine signals. A number of different PCa cell lines are commonly used for in vitro experiments, but these are of diverse origin, and have very different cell-proliferation rates and hormone-response capacities. By analyzing the gene-expression pattern of main hormone pathways, we systematically compared six PCa cell lines and parental primary cells. We compared these cell lines (i) with each other and (ii) with PCa tissue samples from 11 patients. We found major differences in the gene-expression levels of androgen, insulin, estrogen, and oxysterol signaling between PCa tissue and cell lines, and between different cell lines. Our systematic characterization gives researchers a solid basis to choose the appropriate PCa cell model for the hormone pathway of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (R.W.); (A.L.B.); (H.-U.H.); (S.Z.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Lucia Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Alke Guirguis
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (R.W.); (A.L.B.); (H.-U.H.); (S.Z.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Marcus O. Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wißmiller
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (R.W.); (A.L.B.); (H.-U.H.); (S.Z.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (R.W.); (A.L.B.); (H.-U.H.); (S.Z.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Stefan Z. Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (R.W.); (A.L.B.); (H.-U.H.); (S.Z.L.); (M.H.)
- Clinic for Geriatric and Orthopedic Rehabilitation Bad Sebastiansweiler, 72116 Mössingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (R.W.); (A.L.B.); (H.-U.H.); (S.Z.L.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.H.d.A.); (H.L.)
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F. Interleukin-1β and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071791. [PMID: 32635472 PMCID: PMC7408158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a tumor, IL-1β is produced and secreted by various cell types, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, or cancer cells. The IL1B gene is induced after “priming” of the cells and a second signal is required to allow IL-1β maturation by inflammasome-activated caspase-1. IL-1β is then released and leads to transcription of target genes through its ligation with IL-1R1 on target cells. IL-1β expression and maturation are guided by gene polymorphisms and by the cellular context. In cancer, IL-1β has pleiotropic effects on immune cells, angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Moreover, anti-cancer treatments are able to promote IL-1β production by cancer or immune cells, with opposite effects on cancer progression. This raises the question of whether or not to use IL-1β inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (F.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-80-73-77-90 (C.R.); +33-(0)3-80-73-75-38 (F.G.)
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (F.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-80-73-77-90 (C.R.); +33-(0)3-80-73-75-38 (F.G.)
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Cytokines and Chemokines as Mediators of Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124449. [PMID: 32585812 PMCID: PMC7352203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of prostate cancer metastasis remain severe, with huge impact on the mortality and overall quality of life of affected patients. Despite the convoluted interplay and cross talk between various cell types and secreted factors in the metastatic process, cytokine and chemokines, along with their receptors and signaling axis, constitute important factors that help drive the sequence of events that lead to metastasis of prostate cancer. These proteins are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, premetastatic niche creation, extravasation, re-establishment of tumor cells in secondary organs as well as the remodeling of the metastatic tumor microenvironment. This review presents an overview of the main cytokines/chemokines, including IL-6, CXCL12, TGFβ, CXCL8, VEGF, RANKL, CCL2, CX3CL1, IL-1, IL-7, CXCL1, and CXCL16, that exert modulatory roles in prostate cancer metastasis. We also provide extensive description of their aberrant expression patterns in both advanced disease states and metastatic sites, as well as their functional involvement in the various stages of the prostate cancer metastatic process.
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Bayne RS, Puckett S, Rodrigues LU, Cramer SD, Lee J, Furdui CM, Chou JW, Miller LD, Ornelles DA, Lyles DS. MAP3K7 and CHD1 Are Novel Mediators of Resistance to Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Prostate Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:496-507. [PMID: 32529027 PMCID: PMC7276393 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A key principle of oncolytic viral therapy is that many cancers develop defects in their antiviral responses, making them more susceptible to virus infection. However, some cancers display resistance to viral infection. Many of these resistant cancers constitutively express interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The goal of these experiments was to determine the role of two tumor suppressor genes, MAP3K7 and CHD1, in viral resistance and ISG expression in PC3 prostate cancer cells resistant to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). MAP3K7 and CHD1 are often co-deleted in aggressive prostate cancers. Silencing expression of MAP3K7 and CHD1 in PC3 cells increased susceptibility to the matrix (M) gene mutant M51R-VSV, as shown by increased expression of viral genes, increased yield of progeny virus, and reduction of tumor growth in nude mice. Silencing MAP3K7 alone had a greater effect on virus susceptibility than did silencing CHD1. Silencing MAP3K7 and CHD1 decreased constitutive expression of ISG mRNAs and proteins, whereas silencing MAP3K7 alone decreased expression of ISG proteins, but actually increased expression of ISG mRNAs. These results suggest a role for the protein product of MAP3K7, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), in regulating translation of ISG mRNAs and a role of CHD1 in maintaining the transcription of ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Bayne
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shelby Puckett
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott D Cramer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Douglas S Lyles
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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10
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Thomas-Jardin SE, Dahl H, Kanchwala MS, Ha F, Jacob J, Soundharrajan R, Bautista M, Nawas AF, Robichaux D, Mistry R, Anunobi V, Xing C, Delk NA. RELA is sufficient to mediate interleukin-1 repression of androgen receptor expression and activity in an LNCaP disease progression model. Prostate 2020; 80:133-145. [PMID: 31730277 PMCID: PMC7000272 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) nuclear transcription factor is a therapeutic target for prostate cancer (PCa). Unfortunately, patients can develop resistance to AR-targeted therapies and progress to lethal disease, underscoring the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie treatment resistance. Inflammation is implicated in PCa initiation and progression and we have previously reported that the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), represses AR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and activity in AR-positive (AR+ ) PCa cell lines concomitant with the upregulation of prosurvival biomolecules. Thus, we contend that IL-1 can select for AR-independent, treatment-resistant PCa cells. METHODS To begin to explore how IL-1 signaling leads to the repression of AR mRNA levels, we performed comprehensive pathway analysis on our RNA sequencing data from IL-1-treated LNCaP PCa cells. Our pathway analysis predicted nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit (RELA), a canonical IL-1 signal transducer, to be significantly active and potentially regulate many genes, including AR. We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the NF-κB family of transcription factor subunits, RELA, RELB, c-REL, NFKB1, or NFKB2, in IL-1-treated LNCaP, C4-2, and C4-2B PCa cell lines. C4-2 and C4-2B cell lines are castration-resistant LNCaP sublines and represent progression toward metastatic PCa disease, and we have previously shown that IL-1 represses AR mRNA levels in C4-2 and C4-2B cells. RESULTS siRNA revealed that RELA alone is sufficient to mediate IL-1 repression of AR mRNA and AR activity. Intriguingly, while LNCaP cells are more sensitive to IL-1-mediated repression of AR than C4-2 and C4-2B cells, RELA siRNA led to a more striking derepression of AR mRNA levels and AR activity in C4-2 and C4-2B cells than in LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that there are RELA-independent mechanisms that regulate IL-1-mediated AR repression in LNCaP cells and suggest that the switch to RELA-dependent IL-1 repression of AR in C4-2 and C4-2B cells reflects changes in epigenetic and transcriptional programs that evolve during PCa disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Interleukin-1alpha/pharmacology
- Male
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley Dahl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Mohammed S. Kanchwala
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Freedom Ha
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Joan Jacob
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Reshma Soundharrajan
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Monica Bautista
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Afshan F. Nawas
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Dexter Robichaux
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Ragini Mistry
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Vanessa Anunobi
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nikki A. Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
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11
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Nawas AF, Kanchwala M, Thomas-Jardin SE, Dahl H, Daescu K, Bautista M, Anunobi V, Wong A, Meade R, Mistry R, Ghatwai N, Bayerl F, Xing C, Delk NA. IL-1-conferred gene expression pattern in ERα + BCa and AR + PCa cells is intrinsic to ERα - BCa and AR - PCa cells and promotes cell survival. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:46. [PMID: 31959131 PMCID: PMC6971947 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast (BCa) and prostate (PCa) cancers are hormone receptor (HR)-driven cancers. Thus, BCa and PCa patients are given therapies that reduce hormone levels or directly block HR activity; but most patients eventually develop treatment resistance. We have previously reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1) inflammatory cytokine downregulates ERα and AR mRNA in HR-positive (HR+) BCa and PCa cell lines, yet the cells can remain viable. Additionally, we identified pro-survival proteins and processes upregulated by IL-1 in HR+ BCa and PCa cells, that are basally high in HR− BCa and PCa cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL-1 confers a conserved gene expression pattern in HR+ BCa and PCa cells that mimics conserved basal gene expression patterns in HR− BCa and PCa cells to promote HR-independent survival and tumorigenicity. Methods We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for HR+ BCa and PCa cell lines exposed to IL-1 and for untreated HR− BCa and PCa cell lines. We confirmed expression patterns of select genes by RT-qPCR and used siRNA and/or drug inhibition to silence select genes in the BCa and PCa cell lines. Finally, we performed Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and used the gene ontology web-based tool, GOrilla, to identify signaling pathways encoded by our RNA-seq data set. Results We identified 350 genes in common between BCa and PCa cells that are induced or repressed by IL-1 in HR+ cells that are, respectively, basally high or low in HR− cells. Among these genes, we identified Sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) and SRY (Sex-Determining Region Y)-Box 9 (SOX9) to be essential for survival of HR− BCa and PCa cell lines. Analysis of publicly available data indicates that p62 and SOX9 expression are elevated in HR-independent BCa and PCa sublines generated in vitro, suggesting that p62 and SOX9 have a role in acquired hormone receptor independence and treatment resistance. We also assessed HR− cell line viability in response to the p62-targeting drug, verteporfin, and found that verteporfin is cytotoxic for HR− cell lines. Conclusions Our 350 gene set can be used to identify novel therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers conserved among acquired (e.g. due to inflammation) or intrinsic HR-independent BCa and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan F Nawas
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shayna E Thomas-Jardin
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Haley Dahl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kelly Daescu
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Monica Bautista
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Vanessa Anunobi
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ally Wong
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Rachel Meade
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ragini Mistry
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Felix Bayerl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nikki A Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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12
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Nawas A, Narayanan S, Mistry R, Thomas-Jardin S, Ramachandran J, Ravichandran J, Neduvelil E, Luangpanh K, Delk NA. IL-1 induces p62/SQSTM1 and autophagy in ERα + /PR + BCa cell lines concomitant with ERα and PR repression, conferring an ERα - /PR - BCa-like phenotype. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1477-1491. [PMID: 30324661 PMCID: PMC6465183 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα)low/- tumors are associated with breast cancer (BCa) endocrine resistance, where ERα low tumors show a poor prognosis and a molecular profile similar to triple negative BCa tumors. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) downregulates ERα accumulation in BCa cell lines, yet the cells can remain viable. In kind, IL-1 and ERα show inverse accumulation in BCa patient tumors and IL-1 is implicated in BCa progression. IL-1 represses the androgen receptor hormone receptor in prostate cancer cells concomitant with the upregulation of the prosurvival, autophagy-related protein, Sequestome-1 (p62/SQSTM1; hereinafter, p62); and given their similar etiology, we hypothesized that IL-1 also upregulates p62 in BCa cells concomitant with hormone receptor repression. To test our hypothesis, BCa cell lines were exposed to conditioned medium from IL-1-secreting bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), IL-1, or IL-1 receptor antagonist. Cells were analyzed for the accumulation of ERα, progesterone receptor (PR), p62, or the autophagosome membrane protein, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and for p62-LC3 interaction. We found that IL-1 is sufficient to mediate BMSC-induced ERα and PR repression, p62 and autophagy upregulation, and p62-LC3 interaction in ERα+ /PR+ BCa cell lines. However, IL-1 does not significantly elevate the high basal p62 accumulation or high basal autophagy in the ERα- /PR- BCa cell lines. Thus, our observations imply that IL-1 confers a prosurvival ERα- /PR- molecular phenotype in ERα+ /PR+ BCa cells that may be dependent on p62 function and autophagy and may underlie endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.F. Nawas
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - S. Narayanan
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - R. Mistry
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - S.E. Thomas-Jardin
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - J. Ramachandran
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - J. Ravichandran
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - E. Neduvelil
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - K. Luangpanh
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - N. A. Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080
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13
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DiNatale A, Fatatis A. The Bone Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:171-184. [PMID: 31900910 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The propensity of prostate cancer cells to seed the skeleton and then progress into clinically relevant metastatic tumors is widely recognized and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients. The natural history of prostate adenocarcinoma most frequently begins with a tumor diagnosed at a localized stage, which is successfully treated by surgical and/or radiation therapy modalities. A relevant percentage of patients are clinically cured but approximately 20-30% will develop biochemical signs of recurrence, which respond to the inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) signaling by hormone-deprivation and receptor antagonists, before the inevitable transition into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This stage simultaneously presents with or is rapidly followed by secondary tumors, which involve the skeleton in more than 90% of cases (mCRPC). While generalization in clinical practice is always unwise, it is indisputable that bone-metastatic prostate cancer is virtually incurable. Decades of research have revealed that the tissue microenvironment provided by the bone marrow is as important as the cell-autonomous features of tumor cells in fostering the right conditions that lead to establishment and progression of metastatic tumors in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Program in Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Staal J, Beyaert R. Inflammation and NF-κB Signaling in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Cells 2018; 7:E122. [PMID: 30158439 PMCID: PMC6162478 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent form of cancer that is usually slow-developing and benign. Due to its high prevalence, it is, however, still the second most common cause of death by cancer in men in the West. The higher prevalence of prostate cancer in the West might be due to elevated inflammation from metabolic syndrome or associated comorbidities. NF-κB activation and many other signals associated with inflammation are known to contribute to prostate cancer malignancy. Inflammatory signals have also been associated with the development of castration resistance and resistance against other androgen depletion strategies, which is a major therapeutic challenge. Here, we review the role of inflammation and its link with androgen signaling in prostate cancer. We further describe the role of NF-κB in prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation, major NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer, and the crosstalk between NF-κB and androgen receptor signaling. Several NF-κB-induced risk factors in prostate cancer and their potential for therapeutic targeting in the clinic are described. A better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms that control the development of prostate cancer and resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy will eventually lead to novel treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Staal
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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