1
|
Wang Y, Yang J, Zhang T, Bai S, Wang Z, He K. Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Vip3Aa19 Resistance in Mythimna separata. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060388. [PMID: 35737049 PMCID: PMC9227183 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The “high-dose/refuge” strategy is expected to work most effectively when resistance is inherited as a functionally recessive trait and the fitness costs associated with resistance are present. In the present study, a laboratory selected Mythimna separata strain that have evolved >634.5-fold resistance to Vip3Aa19 was used to determine the mode of inheritance. To determine if fitness costs were associated with the resistance, life history parameters (larva stage, pupa stage, pupal weight, adult longevity and fecundity) of resistant (RR), -susceptible (SS) and heterozygous (R♂S♀ and R♀S♂) strains on nontoxic diet were assayed. The LC50 values of R♀S♂ were significantly higher than that of R♂S♀ (254.58 μg/g vs. 14.75 μg/g), suggesting that maternal effects or sex linkage were present. The effective dominance h of F1 offspring decreased as concentration increased, suggesting the resistance was functionally dominant at low concentration and recessive at high concentration. The analysis of observed and expected mortality of the progeny from a backcross suggested that more than one locus is involved in conferring Vip3Aa19 resistance. The results showed that significant differences in many life history traits were observed among the four insect genotypes. In short, resistance to Vip3Aa19 in M. separata was inherited as maternal and multigene and the resistance in the strain was associated with significant fitness costs. The results described here provide useful information for understanding resistance evolution and for developing resistance management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (S.B.); (Z.W.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (S.B.); (Z.W.); (K.H.)
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (S.B.); (Z.W.); (K.H.)
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (S.B.); (Z.W.); (K.H.)
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (S.B.); (Z.W.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fabrick JA, LeRoy DM, Unnithan GC, Yelich AJ, Carrière Y, Li X, Tabashnik BE. Shared and Independent Genetic Basis of Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry2Ab in Two Strains of Pink Bollworm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7988. [PMID: 32409635 PMCID: PMC7224296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of pest resistance threatens the benefits of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Field populations of the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a global pest of cotton, have evolved practical resistance to transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry2Ab in India, but not in the United States. Previous results show that recessive mutations disrupting an autosomal ATP-binding cassette gene (PgABCA2) are associated with pink bollworm resistance to Cry2Ab in field-selected populations from India and in one lab-selected strain from the United States (Bt4-R2). Here we discovered that an independently derived, lab-selected Cry2Ab-resistant pink bollworm strain from the United States (BX-R) also harbors mutations that disrupt PgABCA2. Premature stop codons introduced by mis-splicing of PgABCA2 pre-mRNA were prevalent in field-selected larvae from India and in both lab-selected strains. The most common mutation in field-selected larvae from India was also detected in both lab-selected strains. Results from interstrain crosses indicate BX-R has at least one additional mechanism of resistance to Cry2Ab that does not involve PgABCA2 and is not completely recessive or autosomal. We conclude that recessive mutations disrupting PgABCA2 are the primary, but not the only, mechanism of resistance to Cry2Ab in pink bollworm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Fabrick
- USDA ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA.
| | - Dannialle M LeRoy
- USDA ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | | | - Alex J Yelich
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xianchun Li
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Bruce E Tabashnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Toxin Resistance in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.03506-16. [PMID: 28213547 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03506-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory selection with Vip3Aa of a field-derived population of Heliothis virescens produced >2,040-fold resistance in 12 generations of selection. The Vip3Aa-selected (Vip-Sel)-resistant population showed little cross-resistance to Cry1Ab and no cross-resistance to Cry1Ac. Resistance was unstable after 15 generations without exposure to the toxin. F1 reciprocal crosses between Vip3Aa-unselected (Vip-Unsel) and Vip-Sel insects indicated a strong paternal influence on the inheritance of resistance. Resistance ranged from almost completely recessive (mean degree of dominance [h] = 0.04 if the resistant parent was female) to incompletely dominant (mean h = 0.53 if the resistant parent was male). Results from bioassays on the offspring from backcrosses of the F1 progeny with Vip-Sel insects indicated that resistance was due to more than one locus. The results described in this article provide useful information for the insecticide resistance management strategies designed to overcome the evolution of resistance to Vip3Aa in insect pests.IMPORTANCEHeliothis virescens is an important pest that has the ability to feed on many plant species. The extensive use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops or spray has already led to the evolution of insect resistance in the field for some species of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The development of resistance in insect pests is the main threat to Bt crops. The effective resistance management strategies are very important to prolong the life of Bt plants. Lab selection is the key step to test the assumption and predictions of management strategies prior to field evaluation. Resistant insects offer useful information to determine the inheritance of resistance and the frequency of resistance alleles and to study the mechanism of resistance to insecticides.
Collapse
|
4
|
Siegwart M, Graillot B, Blachere Lopez C, Besse S, Bardin M, Nicot PC, Lopez-Ferber M. Resistance to bio-insecticides or how to enhance their sustainability: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:381. [PMID: 26150820 PMCID: PMC4472983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
After more than 70 years of chemical pesticide use, modern agriculture is increasingly using biological control products. Resistances to conventional insecticides are wide spread, while those to bio-insecticides have raised less attention, and resistance management is frequently neglected. However, a good knowledge of the limitations of a new technique often provides greater sustainability. In this review, we compile cases of resistance to widely used bio-insecticides and describe the associated resistance mechanisms. This overview shows that all widely used bio-insecticides ultimately select resistant individuals. For example, at least 27 species of insects have been described as resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. The resistance mechanisms are at least as diverse as those that are involved in resistance to chemical insecticides, some of them being common to bio-insecticides and chemical insecticides. This analysis highlights the specific properties of bio-insecticides that the scientific community should use to provide a better sustainability of these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Siegwart
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles UnitAvignon, France
- *Correspondence: Myriam Siegwart, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, – Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles Unit – Bât B, 228 Route de L'aérodrome, CS 40509, Domaine St Paul – Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Benoit Graillot
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Institut Mines-Telecom et Université de Montpellier Sud de FranceAlès, France
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience GroupPau, France
| | | | - Samantha Besse
- Natural Plant Protection, Arysta LifeScience GroupPau, France
| | - Marc Bardin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Plant Pathology UnitMontfavet, France
| | - Philippe C. Nicot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Plant Pathology UnitMontfavet, France
| | - Miguel Lopez-Ferber
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d'Alès, Institut Mines-Telecom et Université de Montpellier Sud de FranceAlès, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaur P, Dilawari VK. Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:1294-302. [PMID: 21567889 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. It has developed resistance to almost all groups of chemical insecticides because of their intensive use. The failure of insecticides to control H. armigera has been a strong incentive for the adoption of transgenic cotton (Bt cotton). However, the value of Bt could be diminished by widespread resistance development to Bt toxins in insect populations. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of resistance is essential for developing and implementing strategies to delay and monitor resistance. RESULTS A resistant strain designated as BM-R was obtained from the cross of adults from Bathinda (male) and Muktsar (female), Punjab, India, which showed the highest survival (60.68%) and LC(50) value (1.396 µg mL(-1) diet). Similarly, a laboratory-maintained strain from Hoshiarpur, Punjab, showed maximum susceptibility to Cry1Ac toxin with the lowest LC(50) value (0.087 µg mL(-1)), and was designated as HP-S. The genetic purity of both strains was confirmed by RAPD profile analysis at each generation, and genetic similarity reached more than 90% after the third generation. Continuous maintenance of the resistant BM-R strain on Cry1Ac resulted in an increase in LC(50) from 0.531 µg mL(-1) in F(0) to 4.28 µg mL(-1) in F(14) and 7.493 µg mL(-1) in F(19) , while the LC(50) values for HP-S larvae on diet without Cry1Ac increased to 0.106 and 0.104 µg mL(-1) , which lay within the fiducial limits of the baseline LC(50) value. The mode of inheritance of resistance was elucidated through bioassay response of resistant, susceptible heterozygotes and backcross progeny to Cry1Ac incorporated in semi-synthetic diet. CONCLUSION Based on dominance, degree of dominance and backcross values, resistance was inferred to be polygenic, autosomal and inherited as a recessive trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit Kaur
- Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang GM, Wu KM, Yu HK, Li KK, Feng X, Guo YY. Changes of inheritance mode and fitness in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) along with its resistance evolution to Cry1Ac toxin. J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 97:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Sayyed AH, Gatsi R, Ibiza-Palacios MS, Escriche B, Wright DJ, Crickmore N. Common, but complex, mode of resistance of Plutella xylostella to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:6863-9. [PMID: 16269720 PMCID: PMC1287713 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.11.6863-6869.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A field collected population of Plutella xylostella (SERD4) was selected in the laboratory with Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins Cry1Ac (Cry1Ac-SEL) and Cry1Ab (Cry1Ab-SEL). Both subpopulations showed similar phenotypes: high resistance to the Cry1A toxins and little cross-resistance to Cry1Ca or Cry1D. A previous analysis of the Cry1Ac-SEL showed incompletely dominant resistance to Cry1Ac with more than one factor, at least one of which was sex influenced. In the present study reciprocal mass crosses between Cry1Ab-SEL and a laboratory susceptible population (ROTH) provided evidence that Cry1Ab resistance was also inherited as incompletely dominant trait with more than one factor, and at least one of the factors was sex influenced. Analysis of single pair mating indicated that Cry1Ab-SEL was still heterogeneous for Cry1Ab resistance genes, showing genes with different degrees of dominance. Binding studies showed a large reduction of specific binding of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac to midgut membrane vesicles of the Cry1Ab-SEL subpopulation. Cry1Ab-SEL was found to be more susceptible to trypsin-activated Cry1Ab toxin than protoxin, although no defect in toxin activation was found. Present and previous results indicate a common basis of resistance to both Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac in selected subpopulations and suggest that a similar set of resistance genes are responsible for resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac and are selected whichever toxin was used. The possibility of an incompletely dominant trait of resistant to these toxins should be taken into account when considering refuge resistance management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Sayyed
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sayyed AH, Raymond B, Ibiza-Palacios MS, Escriche B, Wright DJ. Genetic and biochemical characterization of field-evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 70:7010-7. [PMID: 15574894 PMCID: PMC535196 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.12.7010-7017.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term usefulness of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins, either in sprays or in transgenic crops, may be compromised by the evolution of resistance in target insects. Managing the evolution of resistance to B. thuringiensis toxins requires extensive knowledge about the mechanisms, genetics, and ecology of resistance genes. To date, laboratory-selected populations have provided information on the diverse genetics and mechanisms of resistance to B. thuringiensis, highly resistant field populations being rare. However, the selection pressures on field and laboratory populations are very different and may produce resistance genes with distinct characteristics. In order to better understand the genetics, biochemical mechanisms, and ecology of field-evolved resistance, a diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) field population (Karak) which had been exposed to intensive spraying with B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was collected from Malaysia. We detected a very high level of resistance to Cry1Ac; high levels of resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Fa; and a moderate level of resistance to Cry1Ca. The toxicity of Cry1Ja to the Karak population was not significantly different from that to a standard laboratory population (LAB-UK). Notable features of the Karak population were that field-selected resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki did not decline at all in unselected populations over 11 generations in laboratory microcosm experiments and that resistance to Cry1Ac declined only threefold over the same period. This finding may be due to a lack of fitness costs expressed by resistance strains, since such costs can be environmentally dependent and may not occur under ordinary laboratory culture conditions. Alternatively, resistance in the Karak population may have been near fixation, leading to a very slow increase in heterozygosity. Reciprocal genetic crosses between Karak and LAB-UK populations indicated that resistance was autosomal and recessive. At the highest dose of Cry1Ac tested, resistance was completely recessive, while at the lowest dose, it was incompletely dominant. A direct test of monogenic inheritance based on a backcross of F1 progeny with the Karak population suggested that resistance to Cry1Ac was controlled by a single locus. Binding studies with 125I-labeled Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac revealed greatly reduced binding to brush border membrane vesicles prepared from this field population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Sayyed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferré J, Van Rie J. Biochemistry and genetics of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2002; 47:501-33. [PMID: 11729083 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a valuable source of insecticidal proteins for use in conventional sprayable formulations and in transgenic crops, and it is the most promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. However, evolution of resistance in insect populations is a serious threat to this technology. So far, only one insect species has evolved significant levels of resistance in the field, but laboratory selection experiments have shown the high potential of other species to evolve resistance against Bt. We have reviewed the current knowledge on the biochemical mechanisms and genetics of resistance to Bt products and insecticidal crystal proteins. The understanding of the biochemical and genetic basis of resistance to Bt can help design appropriate management tactics to delay or reduce the evolution of resistance in insect populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ferré
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46110-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sayyed AH, Wright DJ. Cross-resistance and inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L) from lowland Malaysia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2001; 57:413-421. [PMID: 11374157 DOI: 10.1002/ps.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A field population of Plutella xylostella from Malaysia (SERD4) was divided into five sub-populations and four were selected (G2-G5) with the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal (Cry) toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ca and Cry1Da. Bioassay at G6 gave resistance ratios of 88, 5, 2 and 3 for Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ca and Cry1Da respectively compared with the unselected sub-population (UNSEL-SERD4). The Cry1Ac-selected population showed little cross-resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ca and Cry1Da, (3-, 2- and 3-fold compared with UNSEL-SERD4), whereas the Cry1Ab-SEL sub-population showed marked cross-resistance to Cry1Ac (40-fold), much greater than Cry1Ab itself. In contrast, the Cry1Ca- and Cry1Da-SEL sub-population showed little if any cross-resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab. The mode of inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ac was examined in Cry1Ac-selected SERD4 by standard reciprocal crosses and back-crosses using a laboratory insecticide-susceptible population (ROTH). Logit regression analysis of F1 reciprocal crosses indicated that resistance to Cry1Ac was inherited as an incompletely dominant trait. At the highest dose of Cry1Ac tested, resistance was recessive, while at the lowest dose it was almost completely dominant. The F2 progeny from a back-cross of F1 progeny with ROTH were tested with a concentration of Cry1Ac that would kill 100% of ROTH. The mortality ranged between 50 and 95% in seven families of back-cross progeny, which indicated that more than one allele on separate loci were responsible for resistance to Cry1Ac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Sayyed
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sayyed AH, Haward R, Herrero S, Ferré J, Wright DJ. Genetic and biochemical approach for characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in a field population of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:1509-16. [PMID: 10742234 PMCID: PMC92015 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.4.1509-1516.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/1999] [Accepted: 01/13/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four subpopulations of a Plutella xylostella (L.) strain from Malaysia (F(4) to F(8)) were selected with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac, respectively, while a fifth subpopulation was left as unselected (UNSEL-MEL). Bioassays at F(9) found that selection with Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai gave resistance ratios of >95, 10, 7, and 3, respectively, compared with UNSEL-MEL (>10,500, 500, >100, and 26, respectively, compared with a susceptible population, ROTH). Resistance to Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai in UNSEL-MEL declined significantly by F(9). The Cry1Ac-selected population showed very little cross-resistance to Cry1Ab, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (5-, 1-, and 4-fold compared with UNSEL-MEL), whereas the Cry1Ab-, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki-, and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai-selected populations showed high cross-resistance to Cry1Ac (60-, 100-, and 70-fold). The Cry1Ac-selected population was reselected (F(9) to F(13)) to give a resistance ratio of >2,400 compared with UNSEL-MEL. Binding studies with (125)I-labeled Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac revealed complete lack of binding to brush border membrane vesicles prepared from Cry1Ac-selected larvae (F(15)). Binding was also reduced, although less drastically, in the revertant population, which indicates that a modification in the common binding site of these two toxins was involved in the resistance mechanism in the original population. Reciprocal genetic crosses between Cry1Ac-reselected and ROTH insects indicated that resistance was autosomal and showed incomplete dominance. At the highest dose of Cry1Ac tested, resistance was recessive while at the lowest dose it was almost completely dominant. The F(2) progeny from a backcross of F(1) progeny with ROTH was tested with a concentration of Cry1Ac which would kill 100% of ROTH moths. Eight of the 12 families tested had 60 to 90% mortality, which indicated that more than one allele on separate loci was responsible for resistance to Cry1Ac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Sayyed
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang F, Buschman LL, Higgins RA, McGaughey WH. Inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Dipel ES) in the european corn borer. Science 1999; 284:965-7. [PMID: 10320377 DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5416.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Resistance in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), to a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner toxin, Dipel ES, appears to be inherited as an incompletely dominant autosomal gene. This contrasts with the inheritance of resistance to Bt in other insects, where it has usually been characterized as a recessive trait. The proposed high-dose/refuge strategy for resistance management in Bt maize depends on resistance being recessive or partially recessive. If field resistance turns out to be similar to this laboratory resistance, the usefulness of the high-dose/refuge strategy for resistance management in Bt maize may be diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Huang
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA (retired)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iqbal M, Verkerk RHJ, Furlong MJ, Ong PC, Rahman SA, Wright DJ. Evidence for Resistance toBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) subsp.kurstakiHD-1,Btsubsp.aizawaiand Abamectin in Field Populations ofPlutella xylostellafrom Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199609)48:1<89::aid-ps450>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Gould F. Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: integrating pest genetics and ecology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 1998; 43:701-26. [PMID: 15012402 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review examines potential impacts of transgenic cultivars on insect population dynamics and evolution. Experience with classically bred, insecticidal cultivars has demonstrated that a solid understanding of both the target insect's ecology and the cultivar's performance under varied field conditions will be essential for predicting area-wide effects of transgenic cultivars on pest and natural enemy dynamics. This experience has also demonstrated the evolutionary capacity of pests for adaptive response to insecticidal traits in crops. Biochemical and genetic studies of insect adaptation to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins expressed by currently marketed transgenic cultivars indicate a high risk for rapid adaptation if these cultivars are misused. Theoretical and practical issues involved in implementing strategies to delay pest adaptation to insecticidal cultivars are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on examining the "high dose"/refuge strategy that has become the goal of industry and regulatory authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gould
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Ferré J, Escriche B, Bel Y, Rie J. Biochemistry and genetics of insect resistance toBacillus thuringiensisinsecticidal crystal proteins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|