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Mou DF, Kundu P, Pingault L, Puri H, Shinde S, Louis J. Monocot crop-aphid interactions: plant resilience and aphid adaptation. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101038. [PMID: 37105496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, aphids cause immense economic damage to several crop plants. In addition, aphids vector several plant viral diseases that accelerate crop yield losses. While feeding, aphids release saliva that contains effectors, which modulate plant defense responses. Although there are many studies that describe the mechanisms that contribute to dicot plant-aphid interactions, our understanding of monocot crop defense mechanisms against aphids is limited. In this review, we focus on the interactions between monocot crops and aphids and report the recently characterized aphid effectors and their functions in aphid adaptation to plant immunity. Recent studies on plant defense against aphids in monocot-resistant and -tolerant crop lines have exploited various 'omic' approaches to understand the roles of early signaling molecules, phytohormones, and secondary metabolites in plant response to aphid herbivory. Unraveling key regulatory mechanisms underlying monocot crop resistance to aphids will lead to deeper understanding of sap-feeding insect management strategies for increased food security and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Fen Mou
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Pritha Kundu
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Lise Pingault
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Heena Puri
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Sanket Shinde
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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The Conserved Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein MaCFEM85 Interacts with MsWAK16 to Activate Plant Defenses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044037. [PMID: 36835451 PMCID: PMC9967070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus which may enhance plant growth and resistance when acting as an endophyte in host plants. However, little is known about the protein interactions nor their activating mechanisms. Common in fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) proteins have been identified as plant immune regulators that suppress or activate plant resistance responses. Here, we identified a CFEM domain-containing protein, MaCFEM85, which was mainly localized in the plasma membrane. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that MaCFEM85 interacted with the extracellular domain of a Medicago sativa (alfalfa) membrane protein, MsWAK16. Gene expression analyses showed that MaCFEM85 and MsWAK16 were significantly upregulated in M. anisopliae and M. sativa, respectively, from 12 to 60 h after co-inoculation. Additional yeast two-hybrid assays and amino acid site-specific mutation indicated that the CFEM domain and 52th cysteine specifically were required for the interaction of MaCFEM85 with MsWAK16. Defense function assays showed that JA was up-regulated, but Botrytis cinerea lesion size and Myzus persicae reproduction were suppressed by transient expression of MaCFEM85 and MsWAK16 in the model host plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions of M. anisopliae with host plants.
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Yu WQ, Li P, Yan FC, Zheng GP, Liu WZ, Lin WX, Wang Y, Luo ZQ. Protein Elicitor EsxA Induces Resistance to Seedling Blight and PR Genes Differential Transcription in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:91. [PMID: 34735664 PMCID: PMC8568749 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein elicitors can induce plant systemic resistance to pathogens. In an earlier study, we cloned an EsxA gene from the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4 and expressed it in Pichia pastoris. In addition to being important for the pathogenicity of animal pathogens, EsxA can also induce an immune response in animals. While, we found the exogenously expressed EsxA has the activity of elicitor, which can trigger hypersensitive response and reactive oxygen species burst in leaves as well as enhanced rice plant growth. The effects of EsxA on seedling blight (Fusarium oxysporum) resistance and gene transcription, including pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in rice were evaluated. The germination rate was 95.0% for seeds treated with EsxA and then inoculated with F. oxysporum, which was 2.8-times higher than that of F. oxysporum-infected control seeds that were not treated with EsxA (Con). The buds and roots of EsxA-treated seedlings were 2.4- and 15.9-times longer than those of Con seedlings. The plants and roots of seedlings dipped in an EsxA solution and then inoculated with F. oxysporum were longer than those of the Con seedlings. Theplant length, number of total roots, and number of white roots were respectively 23.2%, 1.74-times, and 7.42-times greater for the seedlings sprayed with EsxA and then inoculated with F. oxysporum than for the Con seedlings. The EsxA induction efficiency (spray treatment) on seedling blight resistance was 60.9%. The transcriptome analysis revealed 1137 and 239 rice genes with EsxA-induced up-regulated and down-regulated transcription levels, respectively. At 48 h after the EsxA treatment, the transcription of 611 and 160 genes was up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, compared with the transcription levels for the untreated control at the same time-point. Many disease resistance-related PR genes had up-regulated transcription levels. The qPCR data were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. EsxA triggered rice ISR to seedling blight and gene differential transcription, including the up-regulated transcription of rice PR genes. These findings may be relevant for the use of EsxA as a protein elicitor to control plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shanrao, 334001, Jiangxi, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, 150038, China
| | - Feng Chao Yan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, 150038, China
| | - Gui Ping Zheng
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen Zhi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shanrao, 334001, Jiangxi, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, 150038, China.
| | - Wen Xi Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shanrao, 334001, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shanrao, 334001, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Qing Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shanrao, 334001, Jiangxi, China
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Javed K, Humayun T, Humayun A, Wang Y, Javed H. PeaT1 and PeBC1 Microbial Protein Elicitors Enhanced Resistance against Myzus persicae Sulzer in Chili Capsicum annum L. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112197. [PMID: 34835323 PMCID: PMC8618443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer), a major and harmful chili aphid usually managed using chemical pesticides, is responsible for massive annual agricultural losses. The efficacy of two protein elicitors, PeaT1 and PeBC1, to stimulate a defensive response against M. persicae in chili was studied in this study. When compared to positive (water) and negative (buffer, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) controls, the rates of population growth (intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) were lower with PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings. M. persicae demonstrated a preference for colonizing control (12.18 ± 0.06) plants over PeaT1- (7.60 ± 0.11) and PeBC1 (6.82 ± 0.09) treated chilli seedlings in a host selection assay. Moreover, PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, the nymphal development period of the M. persicae was extended. Similarly, fecundity was lowered in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, with fewer offspring produced compared to the positive (water) and negative controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The trichomes and wax production on the PeaT1 and PeBC1-treated chilli leaves created a disadvantageous surface environment for M. persicae. Compared to control (30.17 ± 0.16 mm-2), PeaT1 (56.23 ± 0.42 mm-2) and PeBC1 (52.14 ± 0.34 mm-2) had more trichomes. The levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) were significantly higher in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chili seedlings, indicating considerable accumulation. PeaT1 and PeBC1 significantly affected the height of the chili plant and the surface structure of the leaves, reducing M. persicae reproduction and preventing colonization, according to the data. The activation of pathways was also part of the defensive response (JA, SA, and ET). This present research findings established an evidence of biocontrol for the utilization of PeaT1 and PeBC1 in the defence of chili plants against M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Javed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Department of Environmental Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Talha Humayun
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Unit 1 HFH), Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Ayesha Humayun
- Department of Clinical studies, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Humayun Javed
- Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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Ochoa-Meza LC, Quintana-Obregón EA, Vargas-Arispuro I, Falcón-Rodríguez AB, Aispuro-Hernández E, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Martínez-Téllez MÁ. Oligosaccharins as Elicitors of Defense Responses in Wheat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3105. [PMID: 34578006 PMCID: PMC8470072 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a highly relevant crop worldwide, and like other massive crops, it is susceptible to foliar diseases, which can cause devastating losses. The current strategies to counteract wheat diseases include global monitoring of pathogens, developing resistant genetic varieties, and agrochemical applications upon diseases' appearance. However, the suitability of these strategies is far from permanent, so other alternatives based on the stimulation of the plants' systemic responses are being explored. Plants' defense mechanisms can be elicited in response to the perception of molecules mimicking the signals triggered upon the attack of phytopathogens, such as the release of plant and fungal cell wall-derived oligomers, including pectin and chitin derivatives, respectively. Among the most studied cell wall-derived bioelicitors, oligogalacturonides and oligochitosans have received considerable attention in recent years due to their ability to trigger defense responses and enhance the synthesis of antipathogenic compounds in plants. Particularly, in wheat, the application of bioelicitors induces lignification and accumulation of polyphenolic compounds and increases the gene expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, which together reduce the severity of fungal infections. Therefore, exploring the use of cell wall-derived elicitors, known as oligosaccharins, stands as an attractive option for the management of crop diseases by improving plant readiness for responding promptly to potential infections. This review explores the potential of plant- and fungal-derived oligosaccharins as a practical means to be implemented in wheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Celina Ochoa-Meza
- Coordination of Food Technology of Vegetal Origin, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (L.C.O.-M.); (E.A.-H.)
| | - Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón
- CONACYT—Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (E.A.Q.-O.); (J.J.V.-O.)
| | - Irasema Vargas-Arispuro
- Coordination of Food Sciences, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | | | - Emmanuel Aispuro-Hernández
- Coordination of Food Technology of Vegetal Origin, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (L.C.O.-M.); (E.A.-H.)
| | - José J. Virgen-Ortiz
- CONACYT—Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (E.A.Q.-O.); (J.J.V.-O.)
- Center of Innovation and Agroalimentary Development of Michoacán (CIDAM), Morelia 58341, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez
- Coordination of Food Technology of Vegetal Origin, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD), Ave. Gustavo E. Astiazarán #46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (L.C.O.-M.); (E.A.-H.)
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Do microbial protein elicitors PeaT1 obtained from Alternaria tenuissima and PeBL1 from Brevibacillus laterosporus enhance defense response against tomato aphid ( Myzus persicae)? Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3242-3248. [PMID: 34121861 PMCID: PMC8176006 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato aphid (Myzus persicae) is a destructive insect pest of tomato responsible for huge losses in the production as well in the vegetable industry. In the present in vitro study two protein elicitors, PeaT1 and PeBL1 were considered to study their efficacies to exhibit defense response against tomato aphid. Three different concentrations of both protein elicitors were applied on the tomato seedlings. After the application of PeaT1 and PeBL1, population growth rates of tomato aphid were decreased as compared to the control treatment. In host preference assay, the tomato aphid showed a preference to build a colony on the control as compared to the treated tomato plant, because tomato leaves provided hazardous surface for aphid after the formation of wax and trichome. The concentrations of protein showed significant (p < 0.05) results in life-history traits of the aphid. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) showed significant accumulation in tomato seedlings treated with PeaT1 and PeBL1. Elicitors treated plants produced resistance against M. persicae. Our finding suggests that PeaT1 and PeBL1 have shown high potentials against the damage of M. persicae, and both elicitors could be used as novel biological tools against tomato aphid.
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Javed K, Javed H, Qiu D. Biocontrol Potential of Purified Elicitor Protein PeBL1 Extracted from Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain A60 and Its Capacity in the Induction of Defense Process against Cucumber Aphid ( Myzus persicae) in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus). BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070179. [PMID: 32708244 PMCID: PMC7408455 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cucumber aphid (Myzus persicae), a destructive cucumber aphid usually managed by chemical pesticides, is responsible for enormous annual agricultural losses. A protein elicitor, PeBL1, was investigated in the present work for its ability to induce a defense response against M. persicae in cucumber. The rates of population growth (Intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) decreased with PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL-1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). In an assay on host selection, M. persicae had a preference for colonizing control plants as compared to the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The nymphal development time of the aphid was extended with the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. Likewise, fecundity was reduced, with less offspring produced in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to the positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL-1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The cucumber leaves treated with PeBL1 had a hazardous surface environment for M. persicae, caused by trichomes and wax formation. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) levels were significantly higher, exhibiting significant accumulation in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The following results showed that PeBL1 considerably altered the height of the cucumber plant and the surface structure of the leaves to minimize M. persicae reproduction, and it prevented colonization. Defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). This study provides evidence of biocontrol for the use of PeBL1 in cucumber defense against M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Javed
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; or
| | - Humayun Javed
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; or
- Correspondence:
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