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Yue MY, Wang R, Liu YM, Chen BW, Ding WL, Li Y. Resistance of the Ginseng Gray Mold Pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, to Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin Fungicides in China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:979-986. [PMID: 38012822 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0321-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea severely threatens the yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng). Various categories of fungicides have been utilized to control gray mold on this crop. In this study, the resistance of 102 isolates of B. cinerea from 11 commercial ginseng-growing regions in China to fungicides was examined. A total of 32.4% were resistant to boscalid, with EC50 values that ranged from 12.26 to 235.87 μg/ml, and 94.1% were resistant to pyraclostrobin, with EC50 values that ranged from 5.88 to 487.72 μg/ml. Except for sdhA and sdhD, the amino acid substitutions of P225F, P225L, N230I, H272Y, and H272R in the sdhB subunit from 24 (4 sensitive [S] and 20 resistant [R]), 5 (1 S and 4 R), 1 (S), 1 (R), and 8 (4 S and 4 R) strains, respectively, and the concurrent amino acid substitutions of G85A + I93V + M158V + V168I in the sdhC subunit from 5 (4 S and 1 R) strains were identified. A G143A substitution in cytochrome b was identified in 96 isolates that were resistant to pyraclostrobin and three that were sensitive to it. The Bcbi-143/144 intron was identified in the other three isolates sensitive to pyraclostrobin, but it was absent in the isolates that harbored the G143A mutation. The results showed that the populations of B. cinerea on ginseng have developed strong resistance to pyraclostrobin. Therefore, it is not recommended to continue using this fungicide to control gray mold on P. ginseng. Boscalid is still effective against most isolates. However, to prevent fungicide resistance, it is recommended to use a mixture of boscalid with other categories of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yi Yue
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Wei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wan Long Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Harper LA, Paton S, Hall B, McKay S, Oliver RP, Lopez-Ruiz FJ. Fungicide resistance characterized across seven modes of action in Botrytis cinerea isolated from Australian vineyards. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1326-1340. [PMID: 34854539 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botrytis bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is an economically important disease of grapes in Australia and across grape-growing regions worldwide. Control of this disease relies on canopy management and the application of fungicides. Fungicide application can lead to the selection of resistant B. cinerea populations, which has an adverse effect on the management of the disease. Characterizing the distribution and severity of resistant B. cinerea populations is needed to inform resistance management strategies. RESULTS In this study, 724 isolates were sampled from 76 Australian vineyards during 2013-2016 and were screened against seven fungicides with different modes of action (MOAs). The resistance frequencies for azoxystrobin, boscalid, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole were 5%, 2.8%, 2.1%, 6.2%, 11.6%, 7.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Nearly half of the resistant isolates (43.8%) were resistant to more than one of the fungicides tested. The frequency of vineyards with at least one isolate simultaneously resistant to one, two, three, four or five fungicides was 19.7%, 7.9%, 6.6%, 10.5% and 2.6%. Resistance was associated with previously published genotypes in CytB (G143A), SdhB (H272R/Y), Erg27 (F412S), Mrr1 (D354Y), Bos1 (I365S, N373S + Q369P, I365S + D757N) and Pos5 (V273I, P319A, L412F/V). Novel genotypes were also described in Mrr1 (S611N, D616G), Pos5 (V273L) and Cyp51 (P347S). Expression analysis was used to characterize fludioxonil-resistant isolates exhibiting overexpression (6.3-9.6-fold) of the ABC transporter gene AtrB (MDR1 phenotype). CONCLUSION Resistance frequencies were lower when compared to most previously published surveys of B. cinerea resistance in grape and other crops. Nevertheless, continued monitoring of critical MOAs used in Australian vineyards is recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln A Harper
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | | | - Barbara Hall
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Suzanne McKay
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Plant Health and Biosecurity, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Richard P Oliver
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Sun C, Zhang S, Qian P, Li Y, Ren W, Deng H, Jiang L. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel benzimidazole derivatives bearing pyrimidine-thioether moiety against Botrytis cinerea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5529-5536. [PMID: 34378332 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botrytis cinerea is a serious plant fungus and strongly affects the yield and quality of crops. The main control strategy is the employment of fungicides. To research for efficient fungicide with novel structure, a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives bearing pyrimidine and thioether moieties were designed and synthesized. RESULTS Some target compounds such as 4h, 4i, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4s, 4t and 4u exhibited notable fungicidal activities, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values in the range 0.13-0.24 μg mL-1 , which means that their activities were comparable or higher than that of carbendazim (EC50 = 0.21 μg mL-1 ). Among them, N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyrimidin-2-yl)thio)acetamide (4m) displayed the best activity (EC50 = 0.13 μg mL-1 ). Molecular electrostatic potential analysis of 4m elucidated that the NH moiety of benzimidazole ring was located in the positive potential region and may generate hydrogen bond with target amino acid residue. Molecular docking analysis revealed that there was one hydrogen bond and one 𝜋-𝜋 interaction between 4m and target protein. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the benzimidazole derivatives bearing pyrimidine and thioether moieties can be further optimized as a lead compound for the control of B. cinerea. The combination of molecular electrostatic potential and molecular docking analyses may provide a valuable reference for studying the interaction between the ligand and target protein. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Ping Qian
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Wansheng Ren
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Hao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
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Mello FED, Mathioni SM, Fantin LH, Rosa DD, Antunes RFD, Filho NRC, Duvaresch DL, Canteri MG. Sensitivity assessment and SDHC-I86F mutation frequency of Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations to benzovindiflupyr and fluxapyroxad fungicides from 2015 to 2019 in Brazil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4331-4339. [PMID: 33950556 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungicides of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) group have been used in soybean to control Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Fungal populations with less sensitivity to SDHI fungicides have been reported since 2015. RESULTS In this study, fungal sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr (BZV) and fluxapyroxad (FXD) was assessed using a total of 770 P. pachyrhizi populations sampled over four soybean growing seasons. Cross-resistance, intrinsic activity, and frequency of SDHC-I86F mutation were also analyzed. The average effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50 ) and SDHC-I86F frequency increased over the 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 soybean-seasons. Fourteen P. pachyrhizi populations had the EC50 value above 10 mg L-1 for both carboxamides. No difference was found in intrinsic active to BZV and FXD fungicides for sensitive P. pachyrhizi populations. For P. pachyrhizi classified as less sensitive BZV showed the highest fungitoxicity effect. High frequency of the C-I86F mutation was observed in samples collected in volunteer soybean plants. The maximum frequency of SDHC-I86F mutation in the population was 50% and resulting in ASR populations with low sensitivity to SDHIs. A low correlation between bioassay and SDHC-I86F mutation was observed possible due to the dikaryotic nature of rust fungi or other mutations in the other succinate dehydrogenase subunits. CONCLUSION The present work provides an overview of a large sampling size of P. pachyrhizi populations and their performance over the four crop seasons. The high frequency of SDHC-I86F mutation and low sensitivity to SDHIs are widely distributed in the main soybean growing regions in Brazil and present in volunteer plants in the soybean-free period. Further detailed studies are needed to identify novel point mutations affecting the effectiveness of SDHIs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Dias Rosa
- Fungicide Research and Development, Syngenta Crop Protection, São Paulo, Brazil
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Samaras A, Hadjipetrou C, Karaoglanidis G. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713 may contribute to the management of SDHI resistance in Botrytis cinerea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1316-1327. [PMID: 33078570 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of Botrytis cinerea to SDHI fungicides is widely distributed throughout the world and is associated with mutations in sdhB, differentially affecting mutant sensitivity to several succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) and the fitness of the strains. This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (Ba QST713) can be utilized in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs aiming to control grey mould and eliminate sdhB mutants (H272R/Y, N230I and P225F/H/L). RESULTS Protective and curative applications of Ba QST713 on artificially inoculated bean plants resulted in a significant reduction of disease incidence and severity. Competition experiments between sdhB mutants and wild-type isolates conducted either in the absence of any treatment or in the presence of Ba QST713 or fluopyram showed a dominance of sensitive strains over the mutated strains on untreated and Ba QST713-treated plants. Additionally, the efficacy of Ba QST713 in controlling grey mould and its effects on the selection of sdhB mutants was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. The applications of Ba QST713 in alternation schemes with fluopyram provided high control efficacy and reduced SDHI resistance frequency. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study showed that Ba QST713 can contribute both to moderate/high levels of grey mould suppression and to a reduction in SDHI resistance frequency. Thus, Ba QST713 can be an efficient tool for SDHI resistance management of B. cinerea in the field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Samaras
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chloe Hadjipetrou
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Karaoglanidis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang W, Fang Y, Imran M, Hu Z, Zhang S, Huang Z, Liu X. Characterization of the Field Fludioxonil Resistance and Its Molecular Basis in Botrytis cinerea from Shanghai Province in China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020266. [PMID: 33525426 PMCID: PMC7912569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a destructive necrotrophic pathogen that can infect many plant species. The control of gray mold mainly relies on the application of fungicides, and the fungicide fludioxonil is widely used in China. However, the field fungicide resistance of B. cinerea to this compound is largely unknown. In this study, B. cinerea isolates were collected from different districts of Shanghai province in 2015–2017, and their sensitivity to fludioxonil was determined. A total of 65 out of 187 field isolates (34.76%) were found to be resistant to fludioxonil, with 36 (19.25%) showing high resistance and 29 (15.51%) showing moderate resistance. Most of these resistant isolates also showed resistance to iprodione, and some developed resistance to fungicides of other modes of action. AtrB gene expression, an indicator of MDR1 and MDR1h phenotypes, was not dramatically increased in the tested resistant isolates. Biological characteristics and osmotic sensitivity investigations showed that the fitness of resistant isolates was lower than that of sensitive ones. To investigate the molecular resistance mechanisms of B. cinerea to fludioxonil, the Bos1 amino acid sequences were compared between resistant and sensitive isolates. Resistant isolates revealed either no amino acid variations or the mutations I365S, I365N, Q369P/N373S, and N373S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhongqiao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (Y.F.); (M.I.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712110, China
- Correspondence:
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