1
|
Mahmoud Hamdy Abd EA. Incidence and disease control of Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus. JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 4:033-035. [DOI: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) was first identified in northern Italy. It likes other species of the family Potyuiridue. ZYMV has been recorded in many countries since 1981. The efficient intercontinental spread of the virus can be explained by international trading of infected seeds. Since coat protein (CP) analysis has become a primary method for taxonomic assignment of potyviruses the aims were to characterize this genomic region of ZYMV originating from virus-infected cucurbitaceous seedlings. Virus infection in cucurbits is typically associated with mosaic symptoms on leaves and lumpy, distorted fruit. The range of symptoms produced by each virus can overlap and plants are commonly infected by more than one virus at once. The viruses are spread by many species of aphids moving through or within a crop. Control options include: destroying old cucurbit crops as soon as harvesting is completed destroying weeds and volunteer cucurbits, within and around crops as these harbor the viruses and/or the aphids separating new crops from maturing crops as these will have high levels of virus infection avoiding overlapping crops of cucurbits.
Collapse
|
2
|
Clarke R, Webster CG, Kehoe MA, Coutts BA, Broughton S, Warmington M, Jones RAC. Epidemiology of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucurbit crops in a remote tropical environment. Virus Res 2020; 281:197897. [PMID: 32087188 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the remote Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in tropical northwest Australia, severe Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) epidemics threaten dry season (April-October) cucurbit crops. In 2016-2017, wet season (November-March) sampling studies found a low incidence ZYMV infection in wild Cucumis melo and Citrullus lanatus var. citroides plants, and both volunteer and garden crop cucurbits. Such infections enable its persistence in the wet season, and act as reservoirs for its spread to commercial cucurbit crops during the dry season. Tests on 1019 samples belonging to 55 species from 23 non-cucurbitaceous plant families failed to detect ZYMV. It was also absent from wild cucurbit weeds within sandalwood plantations. The transmission efficiencies of a local isolate by five aphid species found in the ORIA were: 10 % (Aphis craccivora), 7% (A. gossypii), 4% (A. nerii), and 0% (Rhopalosiphum maidis and Hysteroneura setariae). In 2016-2017, in all-year-round trapping at five representative sites, numbers of winged aphids caught were greatest in July-August (i.e. mid growing season) but varied widely between trap sites reflecting local aphid host abundance and year. Apart from one localised exception in 2017, flying aphid numbers caught and ZYMV spread in data collection blocks during 2015-2017 resembled what occurred commercial cucurbit crops. When ZYMV spread from external infection sources into melon blocks, its predominant spread pattern consisted of 1 or 2 plant infection foci often occurring at their margins. In addition, when plants of 29 cucurbit cultivars were inoculated with an ORIA isolate and two other ZYMV isolates and the phenotypes elicited were compared, they resembled each other in overall virulence. However, depending upon isolate-cultivar combination, differences in symptom expression and severity occurred, and one isolate caused a systemic hypersensitive phenotype in honeydew melon cvs Estilo and Whitehaven. When the new genomic RNA sequences of 19 Australian isolates were analysed, all seven ORIA isolates fitted within ZYMV phylogroup B, which also included two from southwest Australia, whereas the remaining 10 isolates were all within minor phylogroups A-I or A-II. Based on previous research and the additional knowledge of ZYMV epidemic drivers established here, an integrated disease management strategy targeting ZYMV spread was devised for the ORIA's cucurbit industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig G Webster
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Monica A Kehoe
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Brenda A Coutts
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Sonya Broughton
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Mark Warmington
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Kununurra, WA 6743, Australia
| | - Roger A C Jones
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simmons HE, Prendeville HR, Dunham JP, Ferrari MJ, Earnest JD, Pilson D, Munkvold GP, Holmes EC, Stephenson AG. Transgenic Virus Resistance in Crop-Wild Cucurbita pepo Does Not Prevent Vertical Transmission of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:1616-1621. [PMID: 30695961 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-14-1062-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an economically important pathogen of cucurbits that is transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Although ZYMV is seed-transmitted in Cucurbita pepo, the potential for seed transmission in virus-resistant transgenic cultivars is not known. We crossed and backcrossed a transgenic squash cultivar with wild C. pepo, and determined whether seed-to-seedling transmission of ZYMV was possible in seeds harvested from transgenic backcrossed C. pepo. We then compared these transmission rates to those of non-transgenic (backcrossed and wild) C. pepo. The overall seed-to-seedling transmission rate in ZYMV was similar to those found in previous studies (1.37%), with no significant difference between transgenic backcrossed (2.48%) and non-transgenic (1.03%) backcrossed and wild squash. Fewer transgenic backcrossed plants had symptom development (7%) in comparison with all non-transgenic plants (26%) and may be instrumental in preventing yield reduction due to ZYMV. Our study shows that ZYMV is seed transmitted in transgenic backcrossed squash, which may affect the spread of ZYMV via the movement of ZYMV-infected seeds. Deep genome sequencing of the seed-transmitted viral populations revealed that 23% of the variants found in this study were present in other vertically transmitted ZYMV populations, suggesting that these variants may be necessary for seed transmission or are distributed geographically via seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Simmons
- Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011; and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - H R Prendeville
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588; and Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - J P Dunham
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - M J Ferrari
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - J D Earnest
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - D Pilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - G P Munkvold
- Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - E C Holmes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A G Stephenson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Cucurbit crops may be affected by at least 28 different viruses in the Mediterranean basin. Some of these viruses are widely distributed and cause severe yield losses while others are restricted to limited areas or specific crops, and have only a negligible economic impact. A striking feature of cucurbit viruses in the Mediterranean basin is their always increasing diversity. Indeed, new viruses are regularly isolated and over the past 35 years one "new" cucurbit virus has been reported on average every 2 years. Among these "new" viruses some were already reported in other parts of the world, but others such as Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), one of the most severe cucurbit viruses and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), one of the most prevalent cucurbit viruses, were first described in the Mediterranean area. Why this region may be a potential "hot-spot" for cucurbit virus diversity is not fully known. This could be related to the diversity of cropping practices, of cultivar types but also to the important commercial exchanges that always prevailed in this part of the world. This chapter describes the major cucurbit viruses occurring in the Mediterranean basin, discusses factors involved in their emergence and presents options for developing sustainable control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lecoq
- INRA, UR407 Pathologie Végétale, Domaine Saint Maurice, Montfavet, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Coutts BA, Kehoe MA, Webster CG, Wylie SJ, Jones RAC. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus: biological properties, detection procedures and comparison of coat protein gene sequences. Arch Virol 2011; 156:2119-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Simmons HE, Holmes EC, Gildow FE, Bothe-Goralczyk MA, Stephenson AG. Experimental Verification of Seed Transmission of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. PLANT DISEASE 2011; 95:751-754. [PMID: 30731907 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-10-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Within two decades of its discovery, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) achieved a global distribution. However, whether or not seed transmission occurs in this economically significant crop pathogen is controversial, and the relative impact of seed transmission on the epidemiology of ZYMV remains unclear. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we observed a seed transmission rate of 1.6% in Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana and show that seed-infected C. pepo plants are capable of initiating horizontal ZYMV infections, both mechanically and via an aphid vector (Myzus persicae). We also provide evidence that ZYMV-infected seeds may act as effective viral reservoirs, partially accounting for the current geographic distribution of ZYMV. Finally, the observation that ZYMV infection of C. pepo seeds results in virtually symptomless infection, coupled with our finding that an antibody test failed to detect vertically transmitted ZYMV in infected seed, highlights the urgent need to standardize current detection methods for seed infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Simmons
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - E C Holmes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - M A Bothe-Goralczyk
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A G Stephenson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coutts BA, Kehoe MA, Jones RAC. Minimising losses caused by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in vegetable cucurbit crops in tropical, sub-tropical and Mediterranean environments through cultural methods and host resistance. Virus Res 2011; 159:141-60. [PMID: 21549770 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Between 2006 and 2009, 10 field experiments were done at Kununurra, Carnarvon or Medina in Western Australia (WA) which have tropical, sub-tropical and Mediterranean climates, respectively. These experiments investigated the effectiveness of cultural control measures in limiting ZYMV spread in pumpkin, and single-gene resistance in commercial cultivars of pumpkin, zucchini and cucumber. Melon aphids (Aphis gossypii) colonised field experiments at Kununurra; migrant green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) visited but did not colonise at Carnarvon and Medina. Cultural control measures that diminished ZYMV spread in pumpkin included manipulation of planting date to avoid exposing young plants to peak aphid vector populations, deploying tall non-host barriers (millet, Pennisetum glaucum) to protect against incoming aphid vectors and planting upwind of infection sources. Clustering of ZYMV-infected pumpkin plants was greater without a 25m wide non-host barrier between the infection source and the pumpkin plants than when one was present, and downwind compared with upwind of an infection source. Host resistance gene zym was effective against ZYMV isolate Knx-1 from Kununurra in five cultivars of cucumber. In zucchini, host resistance gene Zym delayed spread of infection (partial resistance) in 2 of 14 cultivars but otherwise did not diminish final ZYMV incidence. Zucchini cultivars carrying Zym often developed severe fruit symptoms (8/14), and only the two cultivars in which spread was delayed and one that was tolerant produced sufficiently high marketable yields to be recommended when ZYMV epidemics are anticipated. In three pumpkin cultivars with Zym, this gene was effective against isolate Cvn-1 from Carnarvon under low inoculum pressure, but not against isolate Knx-1 under high inoculum pressure, although symptoms were milder and marketable yields greater in them than in cultivars without Zym. These findings allowed additional cultural control recommendations to be added to the existing Integrated Disease Management strategy for ZYMV in vegetable cucurbits in WA, but necessitated modification of its recommendations over deployment of cultivars with resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Coutts
- Crop Protection Branch, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA 6983, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lecoq H, Wipf-Scheibel C, Chandeysson C, Lê Van A, Fabre F, Desbiez C. Molecular epidemiology of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in France: An historical overview. Virus Res 2009; 141:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Simmons HE, Holmes EC, Stephenson AG. Rapid evolutionary dynamics of zucchini yellow mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1081-1085. [PMID: 18343852 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an economically important virus of cucurbit crops. However, little is known about the rate at which this virus has evolved within members of the family Cucurbitaceae, or the timescale of its epidemiological history. Herein, we present the first analysis of the evolutionary dynamics of ZYMV. Using a Bayesian coalescent approach we show that the coat protein of ZYMV has evolved at a mean rate of 5.0 x 10(-4) nucleotide substitutions per site, per year. Notably, this rate is equivalent to those observed in animal RNA viruses. Using the same approach we show that the lineages of ZYMV sampled here have an ancestry that dates back no more than 800 years, suggesting that human activities have played a central role in the dispersal of ZYMV. Finally, an analysis of phylogeographical structure provides strong evidence for the in situ evolution of ZYMV within individual countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Simmons
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew G Stephenson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fruhwirth GO, Hermetter A. Seeds and oil of the Styrian oil pumpkin: Components and biological activities. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Glasa M, Svoboda J, Nováková S. Analysis of the molecular and biological variability of zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolates from Slovakia and Czech Republic. Virus Genes 2007; 35:415-21. [PMID: 17497214 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-007-0101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of ZYMV isolates was analysed by the biological and molecular characterisation of 11 isolates sampled from cucumber, squash and zucchini between 2001 and 2006 in various localities of Slovakia and Czech Republic. Analysis of the molecular variability targeting three separate genomic regions of the ZYMV genome [P1, P3 and (Cter)NIb-(Nter)CP] revealed a remarkable low level of nucleotide variability between isolates, despite their temporal and spatial distinction. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5'-terminal part of the CP gene highlighted the close relatedness of Slovak, Czech and other central European isolates. Low level of genetic diversity within central European ZYMV isolates is in contrast to the diversity observed for isolates from other geographical regions, in particular Asia. No evidence of recombination in the ZYMV genome was detected. Sequence comparison between aggressive and moderate ZYMV isolates revealed one amino acid difference in the N-terminal part of the P3 protein, potentially involved in the tolerance breaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Glasa
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|