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Sharma V, Sharma R, Gautam DS, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Martins N. Role of Vacha ( Acorus calamus Linn.) in Neurological and Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1176. [PMID: 32325895 PMCID: PMC7230970 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn. (Acoraceae)) is a traditional Indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while identifying potential areas for further research. To date, 145 constituents have been isolated from this herb and identified, including phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Compelling evidence is suggestive of the biopotential of its various extracts and active constituents in several metabolic and neurological disorders, such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity effects. The present extensive literature survey is expected to provide insights into the involvement of several signaling pathways and oxidative mechanisms that can mitigate oxidative stress, and other indirect mechanisms modulated by active biomolecules of A. calamus to improve neurological and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; (V.S.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; (V.S.); (D.S.G.)
| | - DevNath Singh Gautam
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; (V.S.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for research and Innovation in Heath (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Bringmann G, Seupel R, Feineis D, Xu M, Zhang G, Kaiser M, Brun R, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Antileukemic ancistrobenomine B and related 5,1′-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from the Chinese liana Ancistrocladus tectorius. Fitoterapia 2017; 121:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Maity S, Kanikarapu S, Marumudi K, Kunwar AC, Yadav JS, Mohapatra DK. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Putative Structure of Diplopyrone. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4561-4568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Maity
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 025, India
| | | | | | | | - Jhillu S. Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Debendra K. Mohapatra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 025, India
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Meruva SB, Rao K. R, Mohammed A, Dahanukar VH, Kumar UKS, Dubey PK. Asymmetric synthesis of (–)-leiocarpin A via (–)-(S)-goniothalamin employing Julia–Kocienski olefination. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1128546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Babu Meruva
- Technology Development Centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raghavendra Rao K.
- Technology Development Centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aaseef Mohammed
- Technology Development Centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vilas H. Dahanukar
- Technology Development Centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - U. K. Syam Kumar
- Technology Development Centre, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
| | - P. K. Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, India
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Styryl-lactone goniothalamin inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:572-8. [PMID: 23845509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
(R)-(+)-Goniothalamin (GTN), a styryl-lactone isolated from the medicinal plant Goniothalamus macrophyllus, exhibits pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, GTN modulated TNF-α induced NF-κB activation. GTN concentrations up to 20 μM showed low cytotoxic effects in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia and in Jurkat T cells. Importantly, at these concentrations, no cytotoxicity was observed in healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results confirmed that GTN inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activation in Jurkat and K562 leukemia cells at concentrations as low as 5 μM as shown by reporter gene assays and western blots. Moreover, GTN down-regulated translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimer to the nucleus, prevented binding of NF-κB to its DNA response element and reduced TNF-α-activated interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. In conclusion, GTN inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation at non-apoptogenic concentrations in different leukemia cell models without presenting toxicity towards healthy blood cells underlining the anti-leukemic potential of this natural compound.
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Johnson TA, Sohn J, Ward AE, Cohen TL, Lorig-Roach ND, Chen H, Pilli RA, Widjaja EA, Hanafi M, Kardono LB, Lotulung PD, Boundy-Mills K, Bjeldanes LF. (+)-Altholactone exhibits broad spectrum immune modulating activity by inhibiting the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang Y, Yang Z, Cheng C, Qing F. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation ofγ-Monofluorinated andγ,γ-Difluorinated Goniothalamin Analogues. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Design, synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and structure–activity relationship of Goniothalamin analogs. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:812-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yadav JS, Bhunia DC, Ganganna B, Singh VK. First stereoselective total synthesis of cryptomoscatone E1 and synthesis of (+)-goniothalamin via an asymmetric acetate aldol reaction. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23167d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-(6R,2′S)-cryptocaryalactone and (−)-(6S,2′S)-epi cryptocaryalactone via asymmetric acetate aldol reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Naicker T, Arvidsson PI, Kruger HG, Maguire GEM, Govender T. Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based N-Oxides as Chiral Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Akhtar MN, Lam KW, Abas F, Maulidiani, Ahmad S, Shah SAA, Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Lajis NH. New class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the stem bark of Knema laurina and their structural insights. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4097-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Spelman K, Aldag R, Hamman A, Kwasnik EM, Mahendra MA, Obasi TM, Morse J, Williams EJ. Traditional herbal remedies that influence cell adhesion molecule activity. Phytother Res 2010; 25:473-83. [PMID: 21105177 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many traditional medicines have demonstrated immune activity, however, research has largely neglected their effects on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). This review reports on extracts from 37 medicinal plant species, similar to or replicating traditional preparations, that up- or downregulate either gene or protein activity of CAMs. The majority of the investigations were in vitro, primarily of the immunoglobulin superfamily of CAMs, specifically intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and secondarily on the integrin (CD11b or MAC-1) and selectin (E-selectin and P-selectin) families of CAMs. The following plant species have demonstrated modulation of multiple CAMs: Artemisia asiatica, Boswellia serrata, Canscora decussata, Cinnamomum povectum, Dehaasia incrassate, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, Juglans regia, Lycopus lucidus, Panax notoginseng, Rheum undulatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza. Many other species have documented activity on one CAM. Currently there are limited in vivo/ex vivo investigations, including a clinical trial on Mahonia aquifolium. Although further evidence is needed, the data suggest that the reviewed botanical medicines may have the potential to provide therapeutic potential in disease processes involving CAMs. Additionally, the reported success of many of these plant extracts by traditional cultures and modern phytotherapists may involve the modulation of CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Spelman
- Tai Sophia Institute, Department of Herbal Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA.
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Dumitrescu L, Mai Huong DT, Van Hung N, Crousse B, Bonnet-Delpon D. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of fluorinated analogues of Goniothalamus lactones. Impact of fluorine on oxidative processes. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:3213-8. [PMID: 20392543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel fluorinated analogues of goniothalamin 1 and howiinol A 2 have been prepared from trifluorocrotonate derivatives. Trifluoromethyl goniothalamin (R/S) 4 showed a slightly lower activity than 1, while the trifluoromethyl howiinol A 16 exhibited similar activities on several cell lines in the micromolar range. Unlike (R) goniothalamin and howiinol A, trifluoromethyl parent compounds remained unchanged when submitted to biomimetic oxidative systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Dumitrescu
- UMR-CNRS 8076, Molécules fluorées et chimie médicinale, IFR 141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, J. B. Clément, 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clement, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Häke I, Schönenberger S, Neumann J, Franke K, Paulsen-Merker K, Reymann K, Ismail G, Bin Din L, Said IM, Latiff A, Wessjohann L, Zipp F, Ullrich O. Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by extract from the tropical plant Knema laurina after inflammatory damage in living brain tissue. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 206:91-9. [PMID: 19028400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions in the CNS, resulting from a loss of control and involving a network of non-neuronal and neuronal cells, are major contributors to the onset and progress of several major neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies should therefore keep or restore the well-controlled and finely-tuned balance of immune reactions, and protect neurons from inflammatory damage. In our study, we selected plants of the Malaysian rain forest by an ethnobotanic survey, and investigated them in cell-based-assay-systems and in living brain tissue cultures in order to identify anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We found that alcoholic extracts from the tropical plant Knema laurina (Black wild nutmeg) exhibited highly anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in cell culture experiments, reduced NO- and IL-6-release from activated microglia cells dose-dependently, and protected living brain tissue from microglia-mediated inflammatory damage at a concentration of 30 microg/ml. On the intracellular level, the extract inhibited ERK-1/2-phosphorylation, IkB-phosphorylation and subsequently NF-kB-translocation in microglia cells. K. laurina belongs to the family of Myristicaceae, which have been used for centuries for treatment of digestive and inflammatory diseases and is also a major food plant of the Giant Hornbill. Moreover, extract from K. laurina promotes also neurogenesis in living brain tissue after oxygen-glucose deprivation. In conclusion, extract from K. laurina not only controls and limits inflammatory reaction after primary neuronal damage, it promotes moreover neurogenesis if given hours until days after stroke-like injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Häke
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
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Ravikumar YS, Mahadevan KM, Kumaraswamy MN, Vaidya VP, Manjunatha H, Kumar V, Satyanarayana ND. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of alcoholic extract of Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:142-146. [PMID: 21783902 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative potential of alcohol extract of Polyalthia cerasoides was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion scavenging, and reducing power assays were performed. The extract showed significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity in all in vitro antioxidant assays and contained high level of total phenolic content. For in vivo genotoxic evaluation, Swiss albino mice were treated with alcohol extract at the concentration of 40mg/kg body weight. Frequency of aberration was compared with control. Both the sets did not showed genotoxic effect. Further the extract was subjected to cytotoxic study using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the extract confirmed to show moderate cytotoxicity against L929 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ravikumar
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451 Karnataka, India
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Cytotoxicity of goniothalamin enantiomers in renal cancer cells: involvement of nitric oxide, apoptosis and autophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:143-50. [PMID: 18771661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin is a styryllactone synthesized by plants of the genus Goniothalamus. The biological activities of this molecule, particularly its anti-protozoan, anti-fungal, and larvicidal properties, have received considerable attention. In this work, we investigated the action of the natural and synthetic enantiomers (R)-goniothalamin (1) and (S)-goniothalamin (ent-1) on cell viability, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and activity, and the expression of selected proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy in renal cancer cells. Both compounds were cytotoxic and decreased the mitochondrial function of renal cancer cells. However, the enantiomers differentially affected the expression/activity profiles of some signaling pathway mediators. Ent-1 (4 nM) was more potent than 1 (6.4 microM) in inhibiting constitutive NOS activity (54% and 59% inhibition, respectively), and both enantiomers decreased the protein expression of neuronal and endothelial NOS, as assessed by western blotting. Ent-1 and 1 caused down-regulation of Ras and TNFR1 and inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Compound 1 markedly down-regulated Bcl2, an anti-apoptotic protein, and also induced PARP cleavage. Despite inducing an expressive down-regulation of Bax, ent-1 was also able to induce PARP cleavage. These results suggest that these compounds caused apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Interestingly, ent-1 enhanced the expression of LC3, a typical marker of autophagy. NFkappaB was down-regulated in 1-treated cells. Overall, these results indicate that the anti-proliferative activity of the two enantiomers on renal cancer cells involved distinct signaling pathways, apoptosis and autophagy as dominant responses towards 1 and ent-1, respectively.
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Wiart C. Goniothalamus species: a source of drugs for the treatment of cancers and bacterial infections? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2007; 4:299-311. [PMID: 17965760 PMCID: PMC1978243 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irrespective of the presence of cytotoxic acetogenins and styryl-lactones in the genus Goniothalamus, only 22 species in the genus Goniothalamus, out of 160 species (13.7%) have so far been investigated. In an effort to promote further research on the genus Goniothalamus which could represent a source of drugs for the treatment of cancers and bacterial infections, this work offers a broad analysis of current knowledge on Goniothalamus species. Therefore, it includes (i) taxonomy (ii) botanical description (iii) traditional medicinal uses and (iv) phytochemical and pharmacological studies. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of actions of acetogenins and styryl-lactones, with some emphasis on the possible involvement of protein kinase, Bax and TRAIL receptors in the cytotoxic effects of styryl-lactones. We also report (v) the growth inhibition of several nosocomial bacteria by Goniothalamus. scortechinii. The crude methanol extract of G. scortechinii showed a good and broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Bazán-Tejeda B, Bluet G, Broustal G, Campagne JM. α,β-Unsaturated δ-Lactones from Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama Reactions of Aldehydes: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2006; 12:8358-66. [PMID: 16933344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A direct regio-, diastereo-, and enantiocontrolled access to alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactones is described, based on the reaction of a silyl dienolate and an aldehyde in the presence of 10 % of Carreira's catalyst. The scope and limitations of this reaction, as well as mechanistic insights concerning the reactivity of an allyl copper species, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Bazán-Tejeda
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Synthesis of (+)-goniothalamin and its enantiomer by combination of lipase catalyzed resolution and alkene metathesis. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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