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Shen Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Lin W, Feng N, Shi M, Liu J, Ma W. Coptisine exerts anti-tumour effects in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting mitochondrial complex I. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38982680 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have shown that TNBC is highly dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of coptisine, a novel compound that inhibits the complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), as a treatment for TNBC. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, mitochondrial metabolism in TNBC was analysed by bioinformatics. In vitro and in vivo experiments (in mice) were conducted to evaluate the potential of coptisine as an ETC complex I-targeting therapeutic agent and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying coptisine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The therapeutic effect of coptisine was assessed in TNBC cells and xenograft mouse model. KEY RESULTS We demonstrated that mitochondrial ETC I was responsible for this metabolic vulnerability in TNBC. Furthermore, a naturally occurring compound, coptisine, exhibited specific inhibitory activity against this complex I. Treatment with coptisine significantly inhibited mitochondrial functions, reprogrammed cellular metabolism, induced apoptosis and ultimately inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells. Additionally, coptisine administration induced prominent growth inhibition that was dependent on the presence of a functional complex I in xenograft mouse models. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Altogether, these findings suggest the promising potential of coptisine as a potent ETC complex I inhibitor to target the metabolic vulnerability of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - You Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Birth Defects Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Meina Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Rao J, Gao Q, Li N, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang K, Qiu F. Unraveling the enigma: Molecular mechanisms of berberrubine-induced nephrotoxicity reversed by its parent form berberine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155648. [PMID: 38669970 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid that is extensively applied in the clinic due to its potential therapeutic effects on dysentery and infectious diarrhoea. Its main metabolite, berberrubine, a promising candidate for ameliorating hyperlipidaemia, has garnered more attention than berberine. However, our study revealed that berberrubine induces severe kidney damage, while berberine was proven to be safe. PURPOSE Herein, we explored the opposite biological effects of these two compounds on the kidney and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. METHODS First, integrated metabolomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to identify relevant signalling pathways. Second, a click chemistry method combined with a cellular thermal shiftassay, a drug affinity responsive target stability assay, and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify the direct target proteins. Moreover, a mutation experiment was performed to study the specific binding sites. RESULTS Animal studies showed that berberrubine, but not berberine, induced severe chronic, subchronic, and acute nephrotoxicity. More importantly, berberine reversed the berberrubine-reduced nephrotoxicity. The results indicated that the cPLA2 signalling pathway was highly involved in the nephrotoxicity induced by berberrubine. We further confirmed that the direct target of berberrubine is the BASP1 protein (an upstream factor of cPLA2 signalling). Moreover, berberine alleviated nephrotoxicity by binding cPLA2 and inhibiting cPLA2 activation. CONCLUSION This study is the first to revel the opposite biological effects of berberine and its metabolite berberrubine in inducing kidney injury. Berberrubine, but not berberine, shows strong nephrotoxicity. The cPLA2 signalling pathway can be activated by berberrubine through targeting of BASP1, while berberine inhibits this pathway by directly binding with cPLA2. Our study paves the way for studies on the exact molecular targets of herbal ingredients. We also demonstrated that natural small molecules and their active metabolites can have opposite regulatory roles in vivo through the same signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tianwang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Zhao K, Hu Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Zhou M, Ye X, Zhou F, Zhu B, Ding Z. Bletilla striata Polysaccharide-/Chitosan-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel with Enhanced Photothermal Effect for Rapid Healing of Diabetic Infected Wounds via the Regulation of Microenvironment. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3345-3359. [PMID: 38700942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The management of diabetic ulcers poses a significant challenge worldwide, and persistent hyperglycemia makes patients susceptible to bacterial infections. Unfortunately, the overuse of antibiotics may lead to drug resistance and prolonged infections, contributing to chronic inflammation and hindering the healing process. To address these issues, a photothermal therapy technique was incorporated in the preparation of wound dressings. This innovative solution involved the formulation of a self-healing and injectable hydrogel matrix based on the Schiff base structure formed between the oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) and hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan. Furthermore, the introduction of CuO nanoparticles encapsulated in polydopamine imparted excellent photothermal properties to the hydrogel, which promoted the release of berberine (BER) loaded on the nanoparticles and boosted the antibacterial performance. In addition to providing a reliable physical protection to the wound, the developed hydrogel, which integrated the herbal components of BSP and BER, effectively accelerated wound closure via microenvironment regulation, including alleviated inflammatory reaction, stimulated re-epithelialization, and reduced oxidative stress based on the promising results from cell and animal experiments. These impressive outcomes highlighted their clinical potential in safeguarding the wound against bacterial intrusion and managing diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbo Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xingcan Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
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Huang L, Luo S, Tong S, Lv Z, Wu J. The development of nanocarriers for natural products. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1967. [PMID: 38757428 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds from plants exhibit substantial pharmacological potency and therapeutic value. However, the development of most plant bioactive compounds is hindered by low solubility and instability. Conventional pharmaceutical forms, such as tablets and capsules, only partially overcome these limitations, restricting their efficacy. With the recent development of nanotechnology, nanocarriers can enhance the bioavailability, stability, and precise intracellular transport of plant bioactive compounds. Researchers are increasingly integrating nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) into the development of natural plant compounds with significant success. Moreover, natural products benefit from nanotechnological enhancement and contribute to the innovation and optimization of nanocarriers via self-assembly, grafting modifications, and biomimetic designs. This review aims to elucidate the collaborative and reciprocal advancement achieved by integrating nanocarriers with botanical products, such as bioactive compounds, polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular vesicles. This review underscores the salient challenges in nanomedicine, encompassing long-term safety evaluations of nanomedicine formulations, precise targeting mechanisms, biodistribution complexities, and hurdles in clinical translation. Further, this study provides new perspectives to leverage nanotechnology in promoting the development and optimization of natural plant products for nanomedical applications and guiding the progression of NDDS toward enhanced efficiency, precision, and safety. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shicui Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sen Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Yunnan First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Sun J, Ye T, Chen X, Li B, Wei Y, Zheng H, Piao JG, Li F. A self-assembly active nanomodulator based on berberine for photothermal immunotherapy of breast cancer via dual regulation of immune suppression. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123898. [PMID: 38346604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global health concern, especially affecting women, necessitating the development of effective treatment strategies. Photothermal immunotherapy has holds promise for addressing BC by eradicating tumors, preventing metastasis, and reducing recurrence rates. However, the dynamic amplification of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) triggered by photothermal therapy (PTT) poses presents a significant barrier to immune cell infiltration, thus promoting immune evasion. To enhance overall efficiency, a hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated berberine (BBR)-indocyanine green self-assembly active nano modulator (HBI NDs) was successfully developed. This nano modulator aims to reverse immune resistance and further contribute to the synergistic anti-tumor effects. The prepared HBI NDs demonstrated a uniform spherical morphology, high drug loading, and favorable optical properties. The results based on in vitro cell experiments and tumor animal models confirmed that HBI NDs selectively accumulated in tumor tissues, downregulated PD-L1 and IDO-1 protein expression, and induced elevated cell apoptosis. Consequently, these effects result in efficient immune infiltration and positive anti-tumor outcomes. In conclusion, the HBI NDs nanodrug exhibits considerable potential as a novel agent for enhancing anticancer efficacy and promoting immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Tingxian Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - XinXin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hangsheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Cesarone MR, Hu S, Belcaro G, Cornelli U, Feragalli B, Corsi M, Scipione V, Scipione C, Cotellese R, Hosoi M, Cox D. Borderline hyperlipidemia preventive management with Berberine PL in asymptomatic prevention of early atherosclerosis. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2024; 70:10-15. [PMID: 37856087 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.23.03540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this pilot, efficacy supplement registry was to use a supplementary management with berberine to control hyperlipidemia. The supplement Berberine (Berbevis™ as Sophy® tablets) was used to control lipids and to evaluate (as a natural, preventive management) the early evolution of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects (otherwise healthy, not using drugs) with borderline hyperlipidemia. METHODS The registry involved two groups of subjects not using drugs for a total of 50 subjects and three months of supplementation. RESULTS The registry groups using standard management (SM) or SM and supplement were resulted comparable. No side effects were observed during the three months of berberine supplementation. No tolerability problems were reported. All subjects managed with berberine completed the three-month registry. Compliance was >97% (% of correctly used tablets). Total cholesterol was significantly decreased with berberine (P<0.05) and HDL was significantly improved (P<0.5) with supplementation. Triglycerides decreased in the berberine groups (P<0.05) and the levels of CoQ10 remained within normal values in supplemented subjects. Oxidative stress - measured in Carr units - was significantly decreased with berberine (P<0.05). Routine blood tests remained within normal values during the registry. Body weight was significantly more decreased (P<0.05) with berberine in comparison with standard management. The fat proportion also decreased (P<0.05) with berberine supplementation and the abdominal fat thickness (in the peri-umbilical area) was significantly decreased after berberine supplementation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This pilot registry indicates that berberine administration is effective in reducing lipids (decreasing weight, fat percentage and abdominal fat) in otherwise healthy subjects not using drugs. A longer study, with more advanced hyperlipidemic subjects is suggested. Predictive analytics according to Siegel suggests that a six-month study with 60 patients, in more advanced hyperlipidemic, also evaluating the intima-media thickness for the analysis of vascular benefits, may produce a stronger evaluation for this product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu Hu
- IRVINE3 Labs, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianni Belcaro
- IRVINE3 Labs, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy -
| | | | - Beatrice Feragalli
- Department of Or Biotec Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Or Biotec Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morio Hosoi
- IRVINE3 Labs, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - David Cox
- IRVINE3 Labs, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Abbaszadeh F, Faraji F, Amirian R, Sinha D, McMahon EG, Bishayee A. Targeting the key players of phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells by phytochemicals. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:261-292. [PMID: 38169011 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plasticity of phenotypic traits refers to an organism's ability to change in response to environmental stimuli. As a result, the response may alter an organism's physiological state, morphology, behavior, and phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity in cancer cells describes the considerable ability of cancer cells to transform phenotypes through non-genetic molecular signaling activities that promote therapy evasion and tumor metastasis via amplifying cancer heterogeneity. As a result of metastable phenotypic state transitions, cancer cells can tolerate chemotherapy or develop transient adaptive resistance. Therefore, new findings have paved the road in identifying factors and agents that inhibit or suppress phenotypic plasticity. It has also investigated novel multitargeted agents that may promise new effective strategies in cancer treatment. Despite the efficiency of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, drug toxicity, development of resistance, and high-cost limit their use in cancer therapy. Recent research has shown that small molecules derived from natural sources are capable of suppressing cancer by focusing on the plasticity of phenotypic responses. This systematic, comprehensive, and critical review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the ability of phytocompounds to target phenotypic plasticity at both preclinical and clinical levels. Current challenges/pitfalls, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Emily G McMahon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Suciu I, Delp J, Gutbier S, Suess J, Henschke L, Celardo I, Mayer TU, Amelio I, Leist M. Definition of the Neurotoxicity-Associated Metabolic Signature Triggered by Berberine and Other Respiratory Chain Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:49. [PMID: 38247474 PMCID: PMC10812665 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To characterize the hits from a phenotypic neurotoxicity screen, we obtained transcriptomics data for valinomycin, diethylstilbestrol, colchicine, rotenone, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), carbaryl and berberine (Ber). For all compounds, the concentration triggering neurite degeneration correlated with the onset of gene expression changes. The mechanistically diverse toxicants caused similar patterns of gene regulation: the responses were dominated by cell de-differentiation and a triggering of canonical stress response pathways driven by ATF4 and NRF2. To obtain more detailed and specific information on the modes-of-action, the effects on energy metabolism (respiration and glycolysis) were measured. Ber, rotenone and MPP inhibited the mitochondrial respiratory chain and they shared complex I as the target. This group of toxicants was further evaluated by metabolomics under experimental conditions that did not deplete ATP. Ber (204 changed metabolites) showed similar effects as MPP and rotenone. The overall metabolic situation was characterized by oxidative stress, an over-abundance of NADH (>1000% increase) and a re-routing of metabolism in order to dispose of the nitrogen resulting from increased amino acid turnover. This unique overall pattern led to the accumulation of metabolites known as biomarkers of neurodegeneration (saccharopine, aminoadipate and branched-chain ketoacids). These findings suggest that neurotoxicity of mitochondrial inhibitors may result from an ensemble of metabolic changes rather than from a simple ATP depletion. The combi-omics approach used here provided richer and more specific MoA data than the more common transcriptomics analysis alone. As Ber, a human drug and food supplement, mimicked closely the mode-of-action of known neurotoxicants, its potential hazard requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Graduate School of Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes Delp
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julian Suess
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lars Henschke
- Graduate School of Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ivana Celardo
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas U. Mayer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Han Y, Guo S, Li Y, Li J, Zhu L, Liu Y, Lv Y, Yu D, Zheng L, Huang C, Li C, Hu J, Liu Z. Berberine ameliorate inflammation and apoptosis via modulating PI3K/AKT/NFκB and MAPK pathway on dry eye. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155081. [PMID: 37748390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in ocular surface, and inflammation plays an etiological role. Berberine (BBR) has shown efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases. Yet, there was no adequate information related to the therapeutic effects of BBR for DED. PURPOSE To detect the effects and explore the potential mechanisms of BBR on DED. STUDY DESIGN In vitro, in vivo study and network pharmacology analysis were involved. METHOD The human corneal epithelium cells viability was evaluated with different concentrations of BBR. Dry eye murine model was established by exposing to the desiccating stress, and Ciclosporin (CSA), BBR eye drops or vehicle were topical administration for 7 days. The phenol red cotton tests, Oregon-green-dextran staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed and evaluated the dry eye after treatment. Inflammation and apoptosis levels of ocular surface were quantified. The potential targets related to berberine and dry eye were collected from databases. The Protein-Protein interaction network analysis and GO & KEGG enrichment analysis were realized by STRING database, Metascape platform and Cytoscape software to find core targets and signaling pathways. The SchrÖdinger software was used to molecular docking and PyMOL software to visualization. Finally, the levels of PI3K/AKT/NFκB and MAPK pathways were detected. RESULT The data revealed BBR could rescue impaired HCE under hyperosmotic conditions. In addition, BBR eye drops could ameliorate dry eye. And BBR eye drops suppressed the inflammatory factors and CD4+T cells infiltration in conjunctiva. Besides, BBR eye drops protected ocular surface by avoiding the severe apoptosis and decreasing the level of MMP-3 and MMP-9. 148 common targets intersection between BBR and dry eye were found via network pharmacology analysis. Core proteins and core pathways were identified through PPI and GO&KEGG enrichment analysis. Molecular docking displayed excellent binding between BBR and those core targets. Finally, in vivo study verified that BBR eye drops had a therapeutic effect in dry eye by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NFκB and MAPK pathways. CONCLUSION The research provided convincing evidence that BBR could be a candidate drug for dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Postdoctoral mobile station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shujia Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Linfangzi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yufei Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Postdoctoral mobile station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Dong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Postdoctoral mobile station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Postdoctoral mobile station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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10
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Zhou H, Wang W, Cai L, Yang T. Potentiation and Mechanism of Berberine as an Antibiotic Adjuvant Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7313-7326. [PMID: 38023403 PMCID: PMC10676105 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s431256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing global apprehension towards multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria necessitates the development of innovative strategies to combat these infections. Berberine (BER), an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid derived from various medicinal plants, has surfaced as a promising antibiotic adjuvant due to its ability to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics against drug-resistant bacterial strains. Here, we overview the augmenting properties and mechanisms of BER as an adjunctive antibiotic against MDR bacteria. BER has been observed to exhibit synergistic effects when co-administered with a range of antibiotics, including β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides and fusidic acid. The adjunctive properties of BER led to an increase in antimicrobial effectiveness for these antibiotics against the corresponding bacteria, a decrease in minimal inhibitory concentrations, and even the reversal from resistance to susceptibility sometimes. The potential mechanisms responsible for these effects included the inhibition of antibiotic efflux, the disruption of biofilm formation, the modulation of host immune responses, and the restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis. In brief, BER demonstrated significant potential as an antibiotic adjuvant against MDR bacteria and is a promising candidate for combination therapy. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate its mechanism of action and address the challenges associated with its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Experiment Center, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Experiment Center, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Cai
- Clinical Laboratory Experiment Center, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Experiment Center, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Wang C, Wang L, Yang L, Gao C, Wang B, Shu Y, Wang H, Yan Y. Protective effects of berberine in chronic copper-induced liver and gill injury in freshwater grouper (Acrossocheilus fasciatus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115672. [PMID: 37951092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the protective effects of berberine on copper-induced liver and gill toxicities in freshwater grouper (Acrossocheilus fasciatus). Fish (initial weight 1.56 ± 0.10 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (80 L, 20 fish per tank) and divided into four experimental groups: The control group, exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+ (Cu group), exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+ and fed 100 mg/kg berberine (BBR100 group), and exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+ and fed 400 mg/kg berberine (BBR400 group). After a 30-day experiment, the results showed that berberine significantly increased the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver, gills, and serum inhibited by Cu2+ exposure (P < 0.05). Berberine inclusion significantly decreased the activities of lysozyme and acid phosphatase, as well as the content of immunoglobulin M compared to the Cu group (P < 0.05). Berberine significantly suppressed the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 signaling transducer, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 in the liver and gills induced by Cu2+ exposure while downregulating the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β1. Additionally, berberine significantly reduced the activities of the liver injury markers alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, as well as alleviated the histopathological damage in the liver and gills caused by Cu2+ exposure. In summary, berberine enhanced antioxidant capacity, mitigated inflammation, and exerted significant protective effects on liver and gill damage in freshwater grouper under Cu2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Leqi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yilin Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yunzhi Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China.
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12
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Hu Z, Zhao K, Chen X, Zhou M, Chen Y, Ye X, Zhou F, Ding Z, Zhu B. A Berberine-Loaded Bletilla striata Polysaccharide Hydrogel as a New Medical Dressing for Diabetic Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16286. [PMID: 38003478 PMCID: PMC10671592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing process of a diabetic wound (DW) is often impeded by a series of interrelated factors, including severe infection, persistent inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to develop a medical dressing that can address these issues simultaneously. To this end, different ratios of Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) and berberine (BER) were physically blended with Carbomer 940 (CBM940) to develop a composite hydrogel as a medical dressing. The BSP/BER hydrogel was characterized using SEM, FTIR, rheological testing and other techniques. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the hydrogel were evaluated using cell and bacterial models in vitro. A DW model of ICR mice was established to evaluate the effect of the hydrogel on DW healing in vivo. The hydrogel exhibited excellent biocompatibility and remarkable antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In addition, animal experiments showed that the BSP/BER hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing in DW mice. Among the different formulations, the LBSP/BER hydrogel (2% BSP, mBER:mBSP = 1:40) demonstrated the most remarkable efficacy. In conclusion, the BSP/BER hydrogel developed exhibited immense properties and great potential as a medical dressing for the repair of DW, addressing a crucial need in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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13
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Gao Y, Xu X, Zhang X. Targeting different phenotypes of macrophages: A potential strategy for natural products to treat inflammatory bone and joint diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154952. [PMID: 37506402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages, a key class of immune cells, have a dual role in inflammatory responses, switching between anti-inflammatory M2 and pro-inflammatory M1 subtypes depending on the specific environment. Greater numbers of M1 macrophages correlate with increased production of inflammatory chemicals, decreased osteogenic potential, and eventually bone and joint disorders. Therefore, reversing M1 macrophages polarization is advantageous for lowering inflammatory factors. To better treat inflammatory bone disorders in the future, it may be helpful to gain insight into the specific mechanisms and natural products that modulate macrophage polarization. OBJECTIVE This review examines the impact of programmed cell death and different cells in the bone microenvironment on macrophage polarization, as well as the effects of natural products on the various phenotypes of macrophages, in order to suggest some possibilities for the treatment of inflammatory osteoarthritic disorders. METHODS Using 'macrophage polarization,' 'M1 macrophage' 'M2 macrophage' 'osteoporosis,' 'osteonecrosis of femoral head,' 'osteolysis,' 'gouty arthritis,' 'collagen-induced arthritis,' 'freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis,' 'adjuvant arthritis,' and 'rheumatoid arthritis' as search terms, the relevant literature was searched using the PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. RESULTS Targeting macrophages through different signaling pathways has become a key mechanism for the treatment of inflammatory bone and joint diseases, including HIF-1α, NF-κB, AKT/mTOR, JAK1/2-STAT1, NF-κB, JNK, ERK, p-38α/β, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, AMPK/Sirt1, STAT TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/NLRP3, NAMPT pathway, as well as the programmed cell death autophagy, pyroptosis and ERS. CONCLUSION As a result of a search of databases, we have summarized the available experimental and clinical evidence supporting herbal products as potential treatment agents for inflammatory osteoarthropathy. In this paper, we outline the various modulatory effects of natural substances targeting macrophages in various diseases, which may provide insight into drug options and directions for future clinical trials. In spite of this, more mechanistic studies on natural substances, as well as pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Gao
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Xilin Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China.
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14
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Bellavite P, Fazio S, Affuso F. A Descriptive Review of the Action Mechanisms of Berberine, Quercetin and Silymarin on Insulin Resistance/Hyperinsulinemia and Cardiovascular Prevention. Molecules 2023; 28:4491. [PMID: 37298967 PMCID: PMC10254920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and the associated hyperinsulinemia are early pathophysiological changes which, if not well treated, can lead to type 2 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. While diabetes care is fairly well standardized, the prevention and treatment of IR lacks a single pharmaceutical approach and many lifestyle and dietary interventions have been proposed, including a wide range of food supplements. Among the most interesting and well-known natural remedies, alkaloid berberine and the flavonol quercetin have particular relevance in the literature, while silymarin-the active principle of the Silybum marianum thistle-was traditionally used for lipid metabolism disorders and to sustain liver function. This review describes the major defects of insulin signaling leading to IR and the main properties of the three mentioned natural substances, their molecular targets and synergistic action mechanisms. The actions of berberine, quercetin and silymarin are partially superimposable as remedies against reactive oxygen intermediates generated by a high-lipid diet and by NADPH oxidase, which is triggered by phagocyte activation. Furthermore, these compounds inhibit the secretion of a battery of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulate intestinal microbiota and are especially able to control the various disorders of the insulin receptor and post-receptor signaling systems. Although most of the evidence on the effects of berberine, quercetin and silymarin in modulating insulin resistance and preventing cardiovascular disease derive from experimental studies on animals, the amount of pre-clinical knowledge strongly suggests the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of these substances in human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Pathophysiology Chair, Homeopathic Medical School of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Serafino Fazio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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