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Assena MW, Pfannstiel J, Rasche F. Inhibitory activity of bacterial lipopeptides against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Strigae. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38937715 PMCID: PMC11212183 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of bacterial cyclic lipopeptides (LP; surfactins, iturins, fengycins) on microbial interactions. The objective was to investigate whether the presence of bacteria inhibits fungal growth and whether this inhibition is due to the release of bacterial metabolites, particularly LP. Selected endophytic bacterial strains with known plant-growth promoting potential were cultured in the presence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (Fos), which was applied as model fungal organism. The extracellular metabolome of tested bacteria, with a focus on LP, was characterized, and the inhibitory effect of bacterial LP on fungal growth was investigated. The results showed that Bacillus velezensis GB03 and FZB42, as well as B. subtilis BSn5 exhibited the strongest antagonism against Fos. Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, on the other hand, tended to have a slight, though non-significant growth promotion effect. Crude LP from strains GB03 and FZB42 had the strongest inhibitory effect on Fos, with a significant inhibition of spore germination and damage of the hyphal structure. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed the production of several variants of iturin, fengycin, and surfactin LP families from strains GB03, FZB42, and BSn5, with varying intensity. Using plate cultures, bacillomycin D fractions were detected in higher abundance in strains GB03, FZB42, and BSn5 in the presence of Fos. Additionally, the presence of Fos in dual plate culture triggered an increase in bacillomycin D production from the Bacillus strains. The study demonstrated the potent antagonistic effect of certain Bacillus strains (i.e., GB03, FZB42, BSn5) on Fos development. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of microbial interactions in shaping the co-existence of microbial assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekuria Wolde Assena
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Hohenheim, Ottilie-Zeller- Weg 2, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Neissi A, Majidi Zahed H, Roshan R. Probiotic performance of B. subtilis MS. 45 improves aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during acute hypoxia stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3720. [PMID: 38355704 PMCID: PMC10866961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis with high probiotic performance for use in the aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The main strain of B. subtilis (MS) was irradiated with gamma rays (5.3 KGy). Subsequently, the B. subtilis mutant strain no. 45 (MS. 45) was selected for bacterial growth performance, resistance to acidic conditions, resistance to bile salts and antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. After 60 days, the rainbow trout (70.25 ± 3.89 g) fed with MS. 45 and MS were exposed to hypoxia stress (dissolved oxygen = 2 ppm). Subsequently, immune indices (lysozyme, bacterial activity and complement activity), hematological indices [hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] and antioxidant factors (T-AOC, SOD and MDA)) were analyzed after and before hypoxia exposure. The expression of immunological genes (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) in the intestine and the expression of hypoxia-related genes (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, FIH1) in the liver were compared between the different groups under hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Growth, immunological and antioxidant indices improved in group MS. 45 compared to the other groups. Stress indices and associated immunologic and hypoxia expressions under hypoxia and normoxia conditions improved in MS. 45 compared to the other groups. This resulted in improved growth, immunity and stress responses in fish fed with the microbial supplement of MS. 45 (P < 0.05) under hypoxia and normoxia conditions, (P < 0.05), resulting in a significant improvement in trout aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Neissi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran.
| | - Hamed Majidi Zahed
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
| | - Reza Roshan
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
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3
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Bartal A, Huynh T, Kecskeméti A, Vörös M, Kedves O, Allaga H, Varga M, Kredics L, Vágvölgyi C, Szekeres A. Identifications of Surfactin-Type Biosurfactants Produced by Bacillus Species Isolated from Rhizosphere of Vegetables. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031172. [PMID: 36770839 PMCID: PMC9919572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactins are cyclic lipopeptides consisting of a β-hydroxy fatty acid of variable chain length and a peptide ring of seven amino acids linked together by a lactone bridge, forming the cyclic structure of the peptide chain. These compounds are produced mainly by Bacillus species and are well regarded for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. For their surfactin production profiling, several Bacillus strains isolated from vegetable rhizospheres were identified by their fatty acid methyl ester profiles and were tested against phytopathogen bacteria and fungi. The isolates showed significant inhibition against of E. amylovora, X. campestris, B. cinerea, and F. culmorum and caused moderate effects on P. syringae, E. carotovora, A. tumefaciens, F. graminearum, F. solani, and C. gloeosporioides. Then, an HPLC-HESI-MS/MS method was applied to simultaneously carry out the quantitative and in-depth qualitative characterisations on the extracted ferment broths. More than half of the examined Bacillus strains produced surfactin, and the MS/MS spectra analyses of their sodiated precursor ions revealed a total of 29 surfactin variants and homologues, some of them with an extremely large number of peaks with different retention times, suggesting a large number of variations in the branching of their fatty acid chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bartal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thu Huynh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 72607, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 71351, Vietnam
| | - Anita Kecskeméti
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 72607, Vietnam
| | - Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kedves
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Allaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-544516
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Vahidinasab M, Adiek I, Hosseini B, Akintayo SO, Abrishamchi B, Pfannstiel J, Henkel M, Lilge L, Voegele RT, Hausmann R. Characterization of Bacillus velezensis UTB96, Demonstrating Improved Lipopeptide Production Compared to the Strain B. velezensis FZB42. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2225. [PMID: 36363818 PMCID: PMC9693074 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus strains can produce various lipopeptides, known for their antifungal properties. This makes them attractive metabolites for applications in agriculture. Therefore, identification of productive wild-type strains is essential for the development of biopesticides. Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a well-established strain for biocontrol of plant pathogens in agriculture. Here, we characterized an alternative strain, B. velezensis UTB96, that can produce higher amounts of all three major lipopeptide families, namely surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. UTB96 produces iturin A. Furthermore, UTB96 showed superior antifungal activity towards the soybean fungal pathogen Diaporthe longicolla compared to FZB42. Moreover, the additional provision of different amino acids for lipopeptide production in UTB96 was investigated. Lysine and alanine had stimulatory effects on the production of all three lipopeptide families, while supplementation of leucine, valine and isoleucine decreased the lipopeptide bioproduction. Using a 45-litre bioreactor system for upscaling in batch culture, lipopeptide titers of about 140 mg/L surfactin, 620 mg/L iturin A, and 45 mg/L fengycin were achieved. In conclusion, it becomes clear that B. velezensis UTB96 is a promising strain for further research application in the field of agricultural biological controls of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Vahidinasab
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isabel Adiek
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Behnoush Hosseini
- Department of Phytopathology (360a), Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephen Olusanmi Akintayo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bahar Abrishamchi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Cellular Agriculture, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf T. Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology (360a), Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Alfiky A, L'Haridon F, Abou-Mansour E, Weisskopf L. Disease Inhibiting Effect of Strain Bacillus subtilis EG21 and Its Metabolites Against Potato Pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2099-2109. [PMID: 35536116 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0530-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potato production worldwide is plagued by several disease-causing pathogens that result in crop and economic losses estimated to billions of dollars each year. To this day, synthetic chemical applications remain the most widespread control strategy despite their negative effects on human and environmental health. Therefore, obtainment of superior biocontrol agents or their naturally produced metabolites to replace fungicides or to be integrated into practical pest management strategies has become one of the main targets in modern agriculture. Our main focus in the present study was to elucidate the antagonistic potential of a new strain identified as Bacillus subtilis EG21 against potato pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani using several in vitro screening assays. Microscopic examination of the interaction between EG21 and R. solani showed extended damage in fungal mycelium, while EG21 metabolites displayed strong anti-oomycete and zoosporecidal effect on P. infestans. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that EG21 produced antifungal and anti-oomycete cyclic lipopeptides surfactins (C12 to C19). Further characterization of EG21 confirmed its ability to produce siderophores and the extracellular lytic enzymes cellulase, pectinase and chitinase. The antifungal activity of EG21 cell-free culture filtrate (CF) was found to be stable at high-temperature/pressure treatment and extreme pH values and was not affected by proteinase K treatment. Disease-inhibiting effect of EG21 CF against P. infestans and R. solani infection was confirmed using potato leaves and tubers, respectively. Biotechnological applications of using microbial agents and their bioproducts for crop protection hold great promise to develop into effective, environment-friendly and sustainable biocontrol strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsayed Alfiky
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Floriane L'Haridon
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Abou-Mansour
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Xie S, Jiang L, Wu Q, Wan W, Gan Y, Zhao L, Wen J. Maize Root Exudates Recruit Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30 to Inhibit Fusarium graminearum Infection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1886-1893. [PMID: 35297645 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-22-0028-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus spp. can exert plant growth-promoting effects and biocontrol effects after effective colonization, and bacterial chemotaxis toward plant root exudates is the initial step to colonize. Under biotic stress, plants are able to alter their root exudates to attract or avoid different types of microbes. Hence, Bacillus chemotaxis toward root exudates after pathogen infection is crucial for exerting their beneficial effects. In this study, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OR2-30 strain, which exhibited greater chemotaxis ability toward maize root exudates after Fusarium graminearum infection, was screened from 156 rhizosphere microorganisms. The infected maize root exudates were further confirmed to improve the swarming and biofilm formation ability of the OR2-30 strain. Chemotaxis, swarming, and biofilm formation ability were able to influence bacterial colonization. Indeed, the the OR2-30 strain displayed more effective colonization ability in the maize rhizosphere after F. graminearum inoculation. Moreover, lipopeptides produced by OR2-30 were identified as iturins and responsible for suppressing F. graminearum growth. Further study showed that lipopeptides suppressed the growth of F. graminearum by inhibiting conidia formation and germination, inducing reactive oxygen species production and causing cell death in mycelium. Eventually, the OR2-30 strain increased maize resistance against F. graminearum. These results suggested that maize root exudates could recruit B. amyloliquefacines OR2-30 after F. graminearum infection, and that OR2-30 then suppresses the F. graminearum by producing lipopeptides, such as iturins, to protect maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qin Wu
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenkun Wan
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yutian Gan
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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7
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Akintayo SO, Treinen C, Vahidinasab M, Pfannstiel J, Bertsche U, Fadahunsi I, Oellig C, Granvogl M, Henkel M, Lilge L, Hausmann R. Exploration of surfactin production by newly isolated Bacillus and Lysinibacillus strains from food related sources. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:378-387. [PMID: 35486075 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a lipopeptide (LP), surfactin exhibits properties, such as emulsifying and dispersing ability, which are useful in food industry. Discovery of new LP-producing strains from food sources is an important step towards possible application of surfactin in foods. A total of 211 spore-forming, Gram-positive, and catalase-positive bacterial strains were isolated from fermented African locust beans (iru) and Palm Oil Mill Effluents in a screening process and examined for their ability to produce surfactin. This was achieved by a combination of methods, which included microbiological and molecular classification of strains, along with chemical analysis of surfactin production. Altogether, 29 isolates, positive for oil spreading and emulsification assays, were further identified with 16S rDNA analysis. The strains belonged to nine species including less commonly reported strains of Lysinibacillus, Bacillus flexus, B. tequilensis, and B. aryabhattai. The surfactin production was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Confirmation of surfactin by MS was achieved in all the 29 strains. Highest surfactin production capability was found in B. subtilis IRB2-A1 with a titer of 1444.1 mg L-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Olusanmi Akintayo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maliheh Vahidinasab
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, Ottilie-Zeller-Weg 2, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ute Bertsche
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, Ottilie-Zeller-Weg 2, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Oellig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Rodríguez-López L, López-Prieto A, Lopez-Álvarez M, Pérez-Davila S, Serra J, González P, Cruz JM, Moldes AB. Characterization and Cytotoxic Effect of Biosurfactants Obtained from Different Sources. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31381-31390. [PMID: 33324849 PMCID: PMC7726928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, five biosurfactant extracts, obtained from different sources, all of them with demonstrated antimicrobial properties, were characterized and subjected to a cytotoxic study using mouse fibroblast cells (NCTC clone 929). Biosurfactant extracts obtained directly from corn steep water (CSW) showed similar surfactant characteristics to those of the extracellular biosurfactant extract produced by Bacillus isolated from CSW and grown in tryptic soy broth, observing that they are amphoteric, consisting of viscous and yellowish liquid with no foaming capacity. Contrarily, cell-bound biosurfactant extracts produced from Lactobacillus pentosus or produced by Bacillus sp isolated from CSW are nonionic, consisting of a white powder with foaming capacity. All the biosurfactants possess a similar fatty acid composition. The cytotoxic test revealed that the extracts under evaluation, at a concentration of 1 g/L, were not cytotoxic for fibroblasts (fibroblast growth > 90%). The biosurfactant extract obtained from CSW with ethyl acetate, at 1 g/L, showed the highest cytotoxic effect but above the cytotoxicity limit established by the UNE-EN-ISO10993-5. It is remarkable that the cell-bound biosurfactant produced by L. pentosus, at a concentration of 1 g/L, promoted the growth of the fibroblast up to 113%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rodríguez-López
- EQ10 Group, CINTECX,
Department Chemical Engineering, Universidade
de Vigo-University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Prieto
- EQ10 Group, CINTECX,
Department Chemical Engineering, Universidade
de Vigo-University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miriam Lopez-Álvarez
- New Materials Group,
CINTECX, IISGS, Department Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Sara Pérez-Davila
- New Materials Group,
CINTECX, IISGS, Department Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Julia Serra
- New Materials Group,
CINTECX, IISGS, Department Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Pío González
- New Materials Group,
CINTECX, IISGS, Department Applied Physics, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cruz
- EQ10 Group, CINTECX,
Department Chemical Engineering, Universidade
de Vigo-University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana B. Moldes
- EQ10 Group, CINTECX,
Department Chemical Engineering, Universidade
de Vigo-University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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9
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Chen M, Wang J, Liu B, Zhu Y, Xiao R, Yang W, Ge C, Chen Z. Biocontrol of tomato bacterial wilt by the new strain Bacillus velezensis FJAT-46737 and its lipopeptides. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:160. [PMID: 32539679 PMCID: PMC7296739 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to discover biocontrol agents to control bacterial wilt. This study reports on a new lipopeptide-producing biocontrol strain FJAT-46737 and explores its lipopeptidic compounds, and this study investigates the antagonistic effects of these compounds. Results Based on a whole genome sequence analysis, the new strain FJAT-46737 was identified as Bacillus velezensis, and seven gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites in FJAT-46737 were predicted. The antimicrobial results demonstrated that FJAT-46737 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities in vitro against three bacteria and three fungi. Pot experiments showed that the control efficiencies for tomato bacterial wilt of the whole cultures, the 2-fold diluted supernatants and the crude lipopeptide of FJAT-46737 were 66.2%, 82.0%, and 96.2%, respectively. The above results suggested that one of the antagonistic mechanisms of FJAT-46737 was the secretion of lipopeptides consisting of iturins, fengycins and surfactins. The crude lipopeptides had significant antagonistic activities against several pathogens (including Ralstonia solanacearum, Escherichia coli and Fusarium oxysporum) and fengycins were the major antibacterial components of the lipopeptides against R. solanacearum in vitro. Furthermore, the rich organic nitrogen sources (especially yeast extracts) in the media promoted the production of fengycin and surfactin by FJAT-46737. The secretion of these two lipopeptides was related to temperature fluctuations, with the fengycin content decreasing by 96.6% and the surfactins content increasing by 59.9% from 20 °C to 40 °C. The optimal temperature for lipopeptide production by FJAT-46737 varied between 20 °C and 25 °C. Conclusions The B. velezensis strain FJAT-46737 and its secreted lipopeptides could be used as new sources of potential biocontrol agents against several plant pathogens, and especially the bacterial wilt pathogen R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Yujing Zhu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Rongfeng Xiao
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Cibin Ge
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
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10
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Chen Z, Wu Q, Wang L, Chen S, Lin L, Wang H, Xu Y. Identification and quantification of surfactin, a nonvolatile lipopeptide in Moutai liquor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1716791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Group, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
| | - Heyu Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Characterization of Antifungal Lipopeptide Biosurfactants Produced by Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. CS30. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040199. [PMID: 30934847 PMCID: PMC6520760 DOI: 10.3390/md17040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to screen for marine bacterial agents to biocontrol Magnaporthe grisea, a serious fungal pathogen of cereal crops. A bacterial strain, isolated from the cold seep in deep sea, exhibited strong growth inhibition against M. grisea, and the strain was identified and designated as Bacillus sp. CS30. The corresponding antifungal agents were purified by acidic precipitation, sequential methanol extraction, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and two antifungal peaks were obtained at the final purification step. After analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS, two purified antifungal agents were deduced to belong to the surfactin family, and designated as surfactin CS30-1 and surfactin CS30-2. Further investigation showed that although the antifungal activity of surfactin CS30-1 is higher than that of surfactin CS30-2, both of them induced the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused serious damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, thus leading to the cell death of M. grisea. Our results also show the differences of the antifungal activity and antifungal mechanism of the different surfactin homologs surfactin CS30-1 and surfactin CS30-2, and highlight them as potential promising agents to biocontrol plant diseases caused by M. grisea.
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Bóka B, Manczinger L, Kocsubé S, Shine K, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Münsterkötter M, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Genome analysis of a Bacillus subtilis strain reveals genetic mutations determining biocontrol properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:52. [PMID: 30868269 PMCID: PMC6435635 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several Bacillus strains are used as biocontrol agents, as they frequently have strong antagonistic effects against microbial plant pathogens. Bacillus strain SZMC 6179J, isolated from tomato rhizosphere, was previously shown to have excellent in vitro antagonistic properties against the most important fungal pathogens of tomato (Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) as well as several Fusarium species. Taxonomic investigations revealed that it is a member of the B. subtilis subsp. subtilis group and very closely related with the reference type strain B. subtilis subsp. subtilis 168. The sequenced genome of strain SZMC 6179J contains the genes responsible for the synthesis of the extracellular antibiotics surfactin, fengycin and bacilysin. Compared to strain 168, a prophage-like region is missing from the genome of SZMC 6179J, while there are 106 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 23 deletion-insertion polymorphisms. The high biocontrol potential of strain SZMC 6179J may results from a single base deletion in the sfp gene encoding the transcription factor of the surfactin and fengycin operons. Hypermutated regions reflecting short-time evolutionary processes could be detected in SZMC 6179J. The deletion-insertion polymorphism in the sfp gene and the detected hypermutations can be suggested as genetic determinants of biocontrol features in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bóka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Münsterkötter
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Research Center for Forestry and Wood Industry, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4, Sopron, 9401, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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13
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Effects of Different Cultivation Parameters on the Production of Surfactin Variants by a Bacillus subtilis Strain. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102675. [PMID: 30340314 PMCID: PMC6222309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactins are lipopeptide-type biosurfactants produced mainly by Bacillus species, consisting of a peptide loop of seven amino acids and a hydrophobic fatty acid chain (C12–C16). These molecules have been proven to exhibit various biological activities; thus, their therapeutic and environmental applications are considered. Within the surfactin lipopeptide family, there is a wide spectrum of different homologues and isomers; to date, more than 30 variants have been described. Since the newest members of these lipopeptides were described recently, there is no information that is available on their characteristic features, e.g., the dependence of their production from different cultivation parameters. This study examined the effects of both the different carbon sources and various metal ions on the surfactin production of a selected B. subtilis strain. Among the applied carbon sources, fructose and xylose had the highest impacts on the ratio of the different variants, regarding both the peptide sequences and the lengths of the fatty acids. Furthermore, the application of metal ions Mn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ in the media completely changed the surfactin variant compositions of the fermenting broths leading to the appearance of methyl esterified surfactin forms, and resulted in the appearance of novel surfactin variants with fatty acid chains containing no more than 11 carbon atoms.
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Kecskeméti A, Bartal A, Bóka B, Kredics L, Manczinger L, Shine K, Alharby NS, Khaled JM, Varga M, Vágvölgyi C, Szekeres A. High-Frequency Occurrence of Surfactin Monomethyl Isoforms in the Ferment Broth of a Bacillus subtilis Strain Revealed by Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092224. [PMID: 30200458 PMCID: PMC6225151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactins are cyclic lipopeptides consisting of a β-hydroxy fatty acid of various chain length and a peptide ring of seven amino acids linked together by a lactone bridge, forming the cyclic structure of the peptide chain. These compounds are produced mainly by Bacillus species and possess numerous biological effects such as antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) activities. A mixture of surfactins extracted from Bacillus subtilis strain SZMC 6179J was examined by HPLC-ESI-IT-MS technique, enhancing their separation to reveal novel lipopeptide varieties with higher masses and to characterize their structures. During the MS² spectra analyses of their sodiated molecular ions [M + Na]⁺, a previously rarely encountered group of surfactins was detected and two novel types of the group were discovered containing methyl esterified aspartic acid residue in their fifth amino acid position. The relative amounts of these monomethyl isoforms exceeded 35% of the produced surfactin in total. In the m/z value of 1114, all the detected isoforms possessed aspartic acid 4-methyl ester residue in their fifth amino acid position (C17-[Lxx4, AME5], C18-[AME5]), offering an opportunity to separate a pure fraction of the compound and to study its biological activities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kecskeméti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bartal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Bettina Bóka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naiyf S Alharby
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mónika Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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15
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Chen Y, Liu SA, Mou H, Ma Y, Li M, Hu X. Characterization of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants Produced by Bacillus licheniformis MB01 from Marine Sediments. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:871. [PMID: 28559889 PMCID: PMC5432566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the world’s most severe problems because of the overuse of antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are more difficult to kill and more expensive to treat. Researchers have been studied on antibiotic alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides. A functional bacteria MB01 producing lipopeptides which can be used as bacteriostat was isolated from the Bohai Sea sediments, which had been identified as Bacillus licheniformis by the morphological, physiological, and biochemical identification and 16s rDNA sequence. The lipopeptides produced by MB01 were determined to be cyclic surfactin homologs by LC-ESI-MS structural identification after crude extraction and LH-20 chromatography. [M+H]+m/z 994, 1008, 1022, and 1036 were all the characteristic molecular weight of surfactin homologs. CID analysis revealed that the molecular structure of the lipopeptides was Rn-Glu1-Leu/Ile2-Leu3-Val4-Asp5-Leu6-Leu/Ile7. The lipopeptides showed well resistance to UV light and the change of pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Shiliang A Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
| | - Haijin Mou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Yunxiao Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Meng Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
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