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Mizuno M, Maeda Y, Sanami S, Matsuzaki T, Yoshikawa HY, Ozeki N, Koga H, Sekiya I. Noninvasive total counting of cultured cells using a home-use scanner with a pattern sheet. iScience 2024; 27:109170. [PMID: 38405610 PMCID: PMC10884908 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The inherent variability in cell culture techniques hinders their reproducibility. To address this issue, we introduce a comprehensive cell observation device. This new approach enhances the features of existing home-use scanners by implementing a pattern sheet. Compared with fluorescent staining, our method over- or underestimated the cell count by a mere 5%. The proposed technique showcased a strong correlation with conventional methodologies, displaying R2 values of 0.91 and 0.99 compared with the standard chamber and fluorescence methods, respectively. Simulations of microscopic observations indicated the potential to estimate accurately the total cell count using just 20 fields of view. Our proposed cell-counting device offers a straightforward, noninvasive means of measuring the number of cultured cells. By harnessing the power of deep learning, this device ensures data integrity, thereby making it an attractive option for future cell culture research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Maeda
- Medical & Healthcare Division, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sanami
- Medical & Healthcare Division, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Mizuno M, Abe K, Kakimoto T, Hasebe H, Kagi N, Sekiya I. Operator-derived particles and falling bacteria in biosafety cabinets. Regen Ther 2024; 25:264-272. [PMID: 38304617 PMCID: PMC10831277 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To ensure the sterility of cell products that cannot undergo conventional sterilization processes, it is imperative to establish and maintain a clean room environment, regulated through environmental monitoring, including particle counts. Nevertheless, the impact of particles generated by operators as potential contaminants remains uncertain. Thus, in this study, we conducted an accelerated test to assess the correlation between particles generated by operators and airborne bacteria, utilizing biosafety cabinets within a typical laboratory setting. These biosafety cabinets create a controlled environment with air conditioning and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, offering fundamental data relevant to cell production. Materials and methods We conducted a simulation followed by real-time experiments involving human operations to explore the quantity of particles, particle sizes, and the percentage of bacteria within these particles. This investigation focused on conditions with heightened particle generation from operators within a biosafety cabinet. The experiment was conducted on operators wearing textile and non-woven dustless clothing within biosafety cabinets. It entailed tapping the upper arms for a duration of 2 min. Results Observations under biosafety cabinet-off conditions revealed the presence of various particles and falling bacteria in textile clothing. In contrast, no particles or falling bacteria were detected in operators wearing dustless clothing within biosafety cabinets. Notably, a correlation between 5 μm particles and colony-forming units in textile clothing was identified through this analysis. The ratio of falling bacteria to the total number of particles within the biosafety cabinet was 0.8 ± 0.5 % for textile clothing, while it was significantly lower at 0.04 ± 0.2 % for dustless clothing. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the number of particles and falling bacteria varied depending on the type of clothing and that quantitative data could be used to identify risks and provide basic data for operator education and evidence-based control methods in aseptic manufacturing areas. Although, this study aims to serve as an accelerated test operating under worst-case conditions, the results need to make sure the study range in general research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Energy Saving Technology Group, Center for Carbon Neutral Engineering, Institute of Technology, SHIMIZU CORPORATION, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Kakimoto
- Planning & Public Relations Group, R&D Planning Department, Institute of Technology, SHIMIZU CORPORATION, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hasebe
- Energy Saving Technology Group, Center for Carbon Neutral Engineering, Institute of Technology, SHIMIZU CORPORATION, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Kagi
- Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Fu Y, Zhang YL, Liu RQ, Xu MM, Xie JL, Zhang XL, Xie GM, Han YT, Zhang XM, Zhang WT, Zhang J, Zhang J. Exosome lncRNA IFNG-AS1 derived from mesenchymal stem cells of human adipose ameliorates neurogenesis and ASD-like behavior in BTBR mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:66. [PMID: 38368393 PMCID: PMC10874555 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transplantation of exosomes derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) has emerged as a prospective cellular-free therapeutic intervention for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), as well as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nevertheless, the efficacy of hADSC exosome transplantation for ASD treatment remains to be verified, and the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. RESULTS The exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from hADSC and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC) were sequenced and 13,915 and 729 lncRNAs were obtained, respectively. The lncRNAs present in hADSC-Exos encompass those found in hUCMSC-Exos and are associated with neurogenesis. The biodistribution of hADSC-Exos in mouse brain ventricles and organoids was tracked, and the cellular uptake of hADSC-Exos was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. hADSC-Exos promote neurogenesis in brain organoid and ameliorate social deficits in ASD mouse model BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed lncRNA Ifngas1 significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult mice after hADSC-Exos intraventricular injection. The lncRNA Ifngas1 can act as a molecular sponge for miR-21a-3p to play a regulatory role and promote neurogenesis through the miR-21a-3p/PI3K/AKT axis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated hADSC-Exos have the ability to confer neuroprotection through functional restoration, attenuation of neuroinflammation, inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, and promotion of neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The hADSC-Exos-derived lncRNA IFNG-AS1 acts as a molecular sponge and facilitates neurogenesis via the miR-21a-3p/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting a regulatory effect. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
- Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rong-Qi Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Meng-Meng Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Jun-Ling Xie
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Xing-Liao Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Guang-Ming Xie
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Yao-Ting Han
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Xin-Min Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Wan-Ting Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Mizuno M, Abe K, Kakimoto T, Yano K, Ota Y, Tomita K, Kagi N, Sekiya I. Volatile organic compounds and ionic substances contamination in cell processing facilities during rest period; a preliminary assessment of exposure to cell processing operators. Regen Ther 2023; 24:211-218. [PMID: 37519908 PMCID: PMC10371781 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell processing operators (CPOs) use a variety of disinfectants that vaporize in the workspace environment. These disinfectants can induce allergic reactions in CPOs, due to their long working hours at cell processing facilities (CPFs). Ionic substances such as CH3COO- generated from peracetic acid, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from outdoor environment are also known to pollute air. Therefore, our objective was to assess the air quality in CPFs and detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from disinfectants and building materials, and airborne ionic substances from outdoor air. Methods Sampling was conducted at three CPFs: two located in medical institutions and one located at a different institution. Air samples were collected using a flow pump. Ion chromatographic analysis of the anionic and cationic compounds was performed. For VOC analysis, a thermal desorption analyzer coupled with capillary gas chromatograph and flame ionization detector was used. Results Analysis of the ionic substances showed that Cl-, NOx, and SOx, which were detected in large amounts in the outdoor air, were relatively less in the CPFs. Ethanol was detected as the main component in the VOC analysis. Toluene was detected at all sampling points. As compared to the other environments, air in the incubator contained larger amounts of VOCs, that included siloxane, tetradecane, and aromatics. Conclusions No VOCs or ionic substances of immediate concern to the health of the CPOs were detected during the non-operating period. However, new clinical trials of cell products are currently underway in Japan, and a variety of new cell products are expected to be approved. With an increase in cell processing, health risks to CPOs that have not been considered previously, may become apparent. We should continue to prepare for the future expansion of the industry using a scientific approach to collect various pieces of information and make it publicly available to build a database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Kakimoto
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yano
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ota
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Medical Environment Engineering Group, Center for Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Koto-ku, Etchūjima, Tokyo, 135-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Kagi
- Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Mizuno M, Matsuda J, Watanabe K, Shimizu N, Sekiya I. Effect of disinfectants and manual wiping for processing the cell product changeover in a biosafety cabinet. Regen Ther 2023; 22:169-175. [PMID: 36843961 PMCID: PMC9945742 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The process of cell product changeover poses a high risk of cross-contamination. Hence, it is essential to minimize cross-contamination while processing cell products. Following its use, the surface of a biosafety cabinet is commonly disinfected by ethanol spray and manual wiping methods. However, the effectiveness of this protocol and the optimal disinfectant have not yet been evaluated. Here, we assessed the effect of various disinfectants and manual wiping methods on bacterial removal during cell processing. Methods The hard surface carrier test was performed to evaluate the disinfectant efficacy of benzalkonium chloride with a corrosion inhibitor (BKC + I), ethanol (ETH), peracetic acid (PAA), and wiping against Bacillus subtilis endospores. Distilled water (DW) was used as the control. A pressure sensor was employed to investigate the differences in loading under dry and wet conditions. The pre-spray for wiping was monitored by eight operators using a paper that turns black when wet. Chemical properties, including residual floating proteins, and mechanical properties, such as viscosity and coefficient of friction, were examined. Results In total, 2.02 ± 0.21-Log and 3.00 ± 0.46-Log reductions from 6-Log CFU of B. subtilis endospores were observed for BKC + I and PAA, respectively, following treatment for 5 min. Meanwhile, wiping resulted in a 0.70 ± 0.12-Log reduction under dry conditions. Under wet conditions, DW and BKC + I showed 3.20 ± 0.17-Log and 3.92 ± 0.46-Log reductions, whereas ETH caused a 1.59 ± 0.26-Log reduction. Analysis of the pressure sensor suggested that the force was not transmitted under dry conditions. Evaluation of the amount of spray by eight operators showed differences and bias in the spraying area. While ETH had the lowest ratio in the protein floating and collection assays, it exhibited the highest viscosity. BKC + I had the highest friction coefficient under 4.0-6.3 mm/s; however, that of BKC + I decreased and became similar to the friction coefficient of ETH under 39.8-63.1 mm/s. Conclusions DW and BKC + I are effective for inducing a 3-Log reduction in bacterial abundance. Moreover, the combination of optimal wet conditions and disinfectants is essential for effective wiping in specific environments containing high-protein human sera and tissues. Given that some raw materials processed in cell products contain high protein levels, our findings suggest that a complete changeover of biosafety cabinets is necessary in terms of both cleaning and disinfection.
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Mizuno M, Yori K, Takeuchi T, Yamaguchi T, Watanabe K, Tomaru Y, Shimizu N, Sekiya I. Cross-contamination risk and decontamination during changeover after cell-product processing. Regen Ther 2022; 22:30-38. [PMID: 36618490 PMCID: PMC9800260 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction During changeover in cell-product processing, it is essential to minimize cross-contamination risks. These risks differ depending on the patient from whom the cells were derived. Human error during manual cell-product processing increases the contamination risk in biosafety cabinets. Here, we evaluate the risk of cross-contamination during manual cell-processing to develop an evidence-based changeover method for biosafety cabinets. Methods Contaminant coverage was analyzed during simulated medium preparation, cell seeding, and waste liquid decanting by seven operators, classified by skill. Environmental bacteria were surveyed at four participating facilities. Finally, we assessed the effect of conventional UV irradiation in biosafety cabinets on bacteria and fungi that pose a cross-contamination risk. Results Under simulated conditions, scattered contamination occurred via droplets falling onto the surface from heights of 30 cm, and from bubbles rupturing at this height. Visible traces of contaminants were distributed up to 50 cm from the point of droplet impact, or from the location of the pipette tip when the bubble ruptured. In several facilities, we detected Bacillus subtilis, of which the associated endospores are highly resistant to disinfection. Irradiation at 50 mJ/cm2 effectively eliminated Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells and Aspergillus brasiliensis, which is highly resistant to UV. Bacillus subtilis endospores were eliminated at 100 mJ/cm2. Conclusions Under these simulated optimal conditions, UV irradiation successfully prevents cross-contamination. Therefore, following cell-product processing, monitoring the UV dose in the biosafety cabinet during cell changeover represents a promising method for reducing cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan,Corresponding author. Fax: +81-3-5803-0192.
| | - Kouichirou Yori
- Department of HeartSheet Business, Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakaicho, Ashigarakamigun, Kanagawa 259-0151, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takeuchi
- Department of HeartSheet Business, Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakaicho, Ashigarakamigun, Kanagawa 259-0151, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamaguchi
- Department of HeartSheet Business, Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakaicho, Ashigarakamigun, Kanagawa 259-0151, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tomaru
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Norio Shimizu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Mizuno M, Sugahara Y, Iwayama D, Miyashita N, Katano H, Sekiya I. Stress and motivation of cell processing operators: A pilot study of an online questionnaire survey. Regen Ther 2022; 21:547-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mohamed SA, Duffy A, McInerney V, Krawczyk J, Hayat A, Naughton S, Finnerty A, Holohan M, Liew A, Tubassam M, Walsh SR, O'Brien T, Howard L. Marrow changes and reduced proliferative capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with "no-option" critical limb ischemia; observations on feasibility of the autologous approach from a clinical trial. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1259-1267. [PMID: 35999133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Approximately 1 in 3 patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) are not suitable for surgical or endovascular revascularization. Those "no-option" patients are at high risk of amputation and death. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may provide a limb salvage option. In this study, bone marrow characteristics and expansion potentials of CLI-derived MSCs produced during a phase 1b clinical trial were compared with young healthy donor MSCs to determine the feasibility of an autologous approach. Cells were produced under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions and underwent appropriate release testing. METHODS Five bone marrow aspirates derived from patients with CLI were compared with six young healthy donor marrows in terms of number of colony-forming units-fibroblast (CFUF) and mononuclear cells. The mean population doubling times and final cell yields were used to evaluate expansion potential. The effect of increasing the volume of marrow on the CFUF count and final cell yield was evaluated by comparing 5 CLI-derived MSCs batches produced from a targeted 30 mL of marrow aspirate to five batches produced from a targeted 100 mL of marrow. RESULTS CLI-derived marrow aspirate showed significantly lower numbers of mononuclear cells with no difference in the number of CFUFs when compared with healthy donors' marrow aspirate. CLI-derived MSCs showed a significantly longer population doubling time and reduced final cell yield compared with young healthy donors' MSCs. The poor growth kinetics of CLI MSCs were not mitigated by increasing the bone marrow aspirate from 30 to 100 mL. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the previously reported karyotype abnormalities in MSCs isolated from patients with CLI, but not in cells from healthy donors, the feasibility of autologous transplantation of bone marrow MSCs for patients with no-option CLI is further limited by the increased expansion time and the reduced cell yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azhari Mohamed
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Duffy
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Veronica McInerney
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Galway Blood and Tissue Establishment, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Amjad Hayat
- Galway Blood and Tissue Establishment, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean Naughton
- Galway Blood and Tissue Establishment, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Finnerty
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Miriam Holohan
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aaron Liew
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Tubassam
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stewart Redmond Walsh
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Linda Howard
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Mizuno M, Ozeki N, Sekiya I. Safety of using cultured cells with trisomy 7 in cell therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Regen Ther 2022; 21:81-86. [PMID: 35785042 PMCID: PMC9234008 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising alternative treatment approach currently under study for osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease. However, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used in cell therapy to treat OA are usually expanded in vitro to obtain sufficient numbers for transplantation, and their safety has not been fully assessed from multiple perspectives. Analysis of karyotypic abnormalities, in particular, is important to ensure the safety of cells; however, chromosomal mutations may also occur during the cell-expansion process. In addition, there have been many reports showing chromosome abnormalities, mainly trisomy 7, in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA as well as in normal tissues. The suitability of cells with these karyotypic abnormalities as cells for cell therapy has not been evaluated. Recently, we assessed the safety of using cells with trisomy 7 from the osteoarthritic joint of a patient for transplantation, and we followed up with the patient for 5 years. This study showed analysis for copy number variant and whole-genome sequencing, compared with blood DNA from the same patient. We did not find any abnormalities in the genes regardless of trisomy 7. No side effects were observed for at least 5 years in the human clinical study. This suggests that the transplantation of cultured cells with trisomy 7 isolated from an osteoarthritic joint and transplanted into the osteoarthritic joints of the same person is not expected to cause serious adverse events. However, it is unclear what problems may arise in the case of allogeneic transplantation. Different types of risks will also exist depending on other transplantation routes, such as localization to the knee-joint only or circulation inflow and lung entrapment. In addition, since the cause of trisomy 7 occurrence remains unclear, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of trisomy 7 in OA to perform cell therapy for OA patients in a safe manner. Trisomy 7 is frequently observed in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA. MSCs with trisomy 7 did not form tumor after transplantation into mice. No side effects were observed 5 years after transplantation of MSCs with trisomy 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Corresponding author. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. Fax: +81 3 5803-0192.
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Enosawa S. Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy in Japan: The Decade of Progress under the National Program. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7030. [PMID: 36498605 PMCID: PMC9736364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a current world-wide topic in medical science. Various therapies have been approved based on their effectiveness and put into practical use. In Japan, research and development-related stem cell therapy, generally referred to as regenerative medicine, has been led by the government. The national scheme started in 2002, and support for the transition to clinical trials has been accelerating since 2011. Of the initial 18 projects that were accepted in the budget for preclinical research, 15 projects have begun clinical trials so far. These include the transplantation of retinal, cardiac, and dopamine-producing cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The distinctive feature of the stem cell research in Japan is the use of iPS cells. A national framework was also been set-up to attain the final goal: health insurance coverage. Now, insurance covers cell transplantation therapies for the repair and recovery of damaged skin, articular cartilage, and stroke as well as therapies introduced from abroad, such as allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for graft-versus-host disease and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. To prepare this review, original information was sought from Japanese authentic websites, which are reliable but a little hard to access due to the fact of multiple less-organized databases and the language barrier. Then, each fact was corroborated by citing its English version or publication in international journals as much as possible. This review provides a summary of progress over the past decade under the national program and a state-of-the-art factual view of research activities, government policy, and regulation in Japan for the realization of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Human synovial mesenchymal stem cells show time-dependent morphological changes and increased adhesion to degenerated porcine cartilage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16619. [PMID: 36198727 PMCID: PMC9534877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can adhere to partial defects or degenerative areas in cartilage remains to be established. The purposes of the present study were to verify the adhesion of synovial MSCs to degenerated cartilage, the time course of that adhesion, and the morphological changes that MSCs might undergo during the adhesion process. The surface of pig cartilage was abraded, and a human synovial MSC suspension was placed on the abraded surface. The proportion/number of MSCs that adhered to the cartilage was quantified by counting non-adhered MSCs, measuring the fluorescence intensity of DiI-labeled MSCs, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The presence of microspikes or pseudopodia on the MSCs that adhered to the cartilage was also evaluated. SEM confirmed the adhesion of synovial MSCs to degenerated cartilage. The three independent quantification methods confirmed increases in the proportion/number of adhered MSCs within 10 s of placement and over time up to 24 h. The MSCs that adhered at 10 s had a high proportion of microspikes, whereas those that adhered after 1 h had that of pseudopodia. MSCs showed time-dependent morphological changes and increased adhesion to degenerated cartilage after placement of the human synovial MSC suspension.
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Preclinical Evaluation of the Tumorigenic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Populations with Clonal Trisomy 5. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1613636. [PMID: 36035513 PMCID: PMC9417782 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1613636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic aberrations may emerge in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) during ex vivo expansion for cell therapy. We have detected clonal trisomy 5 in two distinct autologous MSC products expanded from bone marrow which, based on the current quality control criteria, could not be released for clinical use. Although a safety concern, it is still unclear to what extent recurrent aneuploidies detected in MSC products may affect the threshold for neoplastic transformation or the medicinal properties of these cells. We have carried out an exploratory preclinical study to evaluate these MSC products with clonal trisomy 5, regarding their oncogenic and immunomodulatory potential. Cell population growth in vitro was reduced in MSC cultures with clonal trisomy 5 compared with the population growth of their euploid MSC counterparts, based on a lower cumulative population doubling level, reduced cell proliferation index, and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Subcutaneous injection of clinically relevant amount of MSC population, either with or without clonal trisomy 5, did not generate tumors in immunodeficient mice within a follow-up period of six months. Most importantly, MSC population with clonal trisomy 5 kept immunomodulatory properties upon interferon gamma (IFNγ) licensing, displaying overexpression of IDO, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, in a similar fashion than that of IFNγ-licensed euploid MSC. Our findings suggest that bone marrow MSC products with clonal trisomy 5 may retain their therapeutic potential, based on poor tumor initiating capability and preserved immunomodulatory potency. This preclinical evidence may further support the definition of release criteria of autologous MSC products for cell therapy under critical clinical scenarios. This trial is registered with Clinical Study registration number: RBR-29x2pr.
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Mizuno M, Matsuzaki T, Ozeki N, Katano H, Koga H, Takebe T, Yoshikawa HY, Sekiya I. Cell membrane fluidity and ROS resistance define DMSO tolerance of cryopreserved synovial MSCs and HUVECs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:177. [PMID: 35505370 PMCID: PMC9066911 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high freeze–thaw tolerance, whereas human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have low freezing tolerance. The differences in cell type-specific freeze–thaw tolerance and the mechanisms involved are unclear. This study thus aimed to identify the biological and physical factors involved in the differences in freeze–thaw tolerance between MSCs and HUVECs. Materials and methods For biological analysis, MSC and HUVEC viability after freeze-thawing and alteration of gene expression in response to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, a cryoprotectant) were quantitatively evaluated. For physical analysis, the cell membrane fluidity of MSCs and HUVECs before and after DMSO addition was assessed using a histogram for generalized polarization frequency. Results HUVECs showed lower live cell rates and higher gene expression alteration related to extracellular vesicles in response to DMSO than MSCs. Fluidity measurements revealed that the HUVEC membrane was highly fluidic and sensitive to DMSO compared to that of MSCs. Addition of CAY10566, an inhibitor of stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD1) that produces highly fluidic desaturated fatty acids, decreased the fluidity of HUVECs and increased their tolerance to DMSO. The combination of CAY10566 and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) treatment improved HUVEC viability from 57 to 69%. Membrane fluidity alteration may thus contribute to pore-induced DMSO influx into the cytoplasm and reactive oxygen species production, leading to greater cytotoxicity in HUVECs, which have low antioxidant capacity. Conclusions Differences in freeze–thaw tolerance originate from differences in the cell membranes with respect to fluidity and antioxidant capacity. These findings provide a basis for analyzing cell biology and membrane-physics to establish appropriate long-term preservation methods aimed at promoting transplantation therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02850-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Matsuzaki
- Division of Strategic Research and Development, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hiroshi Y Yoshikawa
- Division of Strategic Research and Development, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Robert M, Farese H, Miossec P. Update on Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, an Inflammatory Arthritis With Neoplastic Features. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820046. [PMID: 35265077 PMCID: PMC8899011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to joint destruction and bone erosion. Even if many treatments were developed with success in the last decades, some patients fail to respond, and disease chronicity is still a burden. Mechanisms involved in such resistance may include molecular changes in stromal cells. Other explanations can come from observations of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), first considered as an inflammatory arthritis, but with unusual neoplastic features. TGCT leads to synovium hypertrophy and hyperplasia with hemosiderin deposition. It affects young adults, resulting in secondary osteoarthritis and increased morbidity. TGCT shows clinical, histological and genetic similarities with RA but affecting a single joint. However, the monoclonality of some synoviocytes, the presence of translocations and rare metastases also suggest a neoplastic disease, with some features common with sarcoma. TGCT is more probably in an intermediate situation between an inflammatory and a neoplastic process, with a main involvement of the proinflammatory cytokine CSF-1/CSF1R signaling axis. The key treatment option is surgery. New treatments, derived from the RA and sarcoma fields, are emerging. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor pexidartinib was recently FDA-approved as the first drug for severe TGCT where surgery is not an option. Options directly targeting the excessive proliferation of synoviocytes are at a preclinical stage.
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Mizuno M, Endo K, Katano H, Amano N, Nomura M, Hasegawa Y, Ozeki N, Koga H, Takasu N, Ohara O, Morio T, Sekiya I. Transplantation of human autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells with trisomy 7 into the knee joint and 5 years of follow-up. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1530-1543. [PMID: 34342383 PMCID: PMC8550709 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can show trisomy 7; however, the safety of these cells has not been fully investigated. The purposes of this study were to determine the ratio of patients whose synovial MSCs were transplanted clinically, to intensively investigate MSCs with trisomy 7 from a safety perspective, and to follow up the patients for 5 years after transplantation. Synovial MSCs at passage 0 were transplanted into a knee for degenerative meniscus tears in 10 patients, and the patients were checked at 5 years. The synovial MSCs were evaluated at passages 0 to 15 by G‐bands and digital karyotyping, and trisomy 7 was found in 3 of 10 patients. In those three patients, 5% to 10% of the synovial MSCs showed trisomy 7. The mRNA expressions of representative oncogenes and genes on chromosome 7 did not differ between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Whole‐genome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis showed similar results for MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Transplantation of human synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 into eight mouse knees did not result in tumor formation under the skin or in the knees after 8 weeks in any mouse, whereas transplanted HT1080 cells formed tumors. In vitro chondrogenic potentials were similar between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Five‐year follow‐ups revealed no serious adverse events in all 10 human patients, including 3 who had received MSCs with trisomy 7. Overall, our findings indicated that synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 were comparable with MSCs without trisomy 7 from a safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Amano
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports MedicineGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied GenomicsKazusa DNA Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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