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Wang Y, Luo Y, Kong X, Wu T, Lin Y, Chen Z, Wang S. Patterning technologies of quantum dots for color-conversion micro-LED display applications. NANOSCALE 2025; 17:1764-1789. [PMID: 39688022 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03925d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) materials and their patterning technologies play a pivotal role in the full colorization of next-generation Micro-LED display technology. This article reviews the latest development in QD materials, including II-VI group, III-V group, and perovskite QDs, along with the state of the art in optimizing QD performance through techniques such as ligand engineering, surface coating, and core-shell structure construction. Additionally, it comprehensively covers the progress in QD patterning methods, such as inkjet printing, photolithography, electrophoretic deposition, transfer printing, microfluidics, and micropore filling method, and emphasizes their crucial role in achieving high precision, density, and uniformity in QD deposition. This review delineates the impact of these technologies on the luminance of QD color-conversion layers and devices, providing a detailed understanding of their application in enhancing Micro-LED display technology. Finally, it explores future research directions, offering valuable insights and references for the continued innovation of full-color Micro-LED displays, thereby providing a comprehensive overview of the potential and scope of QD materials and patterning technologies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
| | - Yunshu Luo
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
| | - Xuemin Kong
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
| | - Tingzhu Wu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
| | - Yue Lin
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Solid-State Lighting, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China.
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Li G, Tseng MC, Chen Y, Yeung FSY, He H, Cheng Y, Cai J, Chen E, Kwok HS. Color-conversion displays: current status and future outlook. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:301. [PMID: 39482309 PMCID: PMC11528058 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
The growing focus on enhancing color quality in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has spurred significant advancements in color-conversion materials. Furthermore, color conversion is also important for the development and commercialization of Micro-LEDs. This article provides a comprehensive review of different types of color conversion methods as well as different types of color conversion materials. We summarize the current status of patterning process, and discuss key strategies to enhance display performance. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects and roles that color conversion will play in ultra-high-definition micro- and projection displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Chun Tseng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, College of Physics and Information Engineering 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fion Sze-Yan Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hangyu He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuechu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junhu Cai
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, College of Physics and Information Engineering 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Enguo Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, College of Physics and Information Engineering 350108, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Hoi-Sing Kwok
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Singh RK, Chen LH, Singh A, Jain N, Singh J, Lu CH. Progress of Backlight Devices: Emergence of Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots/Nanomaterials. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.863312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The technology behind the display is becoming ever more prevalent in our daily lives. It has many applications, including smartphones, tablets, desktop monitors, TVs, and augmented reality/virtual reality devices. The display technology has progressed drastically over the past decade, from the bulky cathode ray tube to the flat panel displays. In the flat panel displays, the liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are the two dominant technologies. Nevertheless, due to low stability and color tunability, OLEDs remain behind the LCDs. The LCD screen has a backlight, usually a white LED, which comprises a blue LED covered with a red and green enhanced layer (color-converting layers). Although InP/CdSe QDs attracted more attention due to their solution processability and better color gamut than the previous technologies, the complexity of their synthesis was still an obstacle to their commercialization. Later, the emergence of perovskite with highly intense and tunable PL emission, high color purity, and low-cost synthesis route attracted the attention of display researchers. Owing to the relatively higher performance of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) than that of bulk (3D) perovskite in backlit display devices, these PQDs are being used for high color contrast and bright display devices. Furthermore, the color gamut for PQDs was observed as 140% of the NTSC standard, that is, close to that of the commercial OLED devices. In this review, we have discussed the progress of display technologies with a clear classification of the pros and cons of each technology. Also, the application of perovskite QD/nanomaterials in LCD backlit devices has been discussed, and the future direction of further improvement in their stability and performance has been listed.
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Ndiaye A, Ghazouani A, Seassal C, Drouard E, Olivier N, Bakir BB. Enhanced light-extraction efficiency and emission directivity in compact photonic-crystal based AlGaInP thin-films for color conversion applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35965-35979. [PMID: 34809019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the use of photonic crystals with different opto-geometrical parameters for light extraction from AlGaInP/InGaP MQW color converters. Blue-to-red and green-to-red color conversions were demonstrated using room-temperature photoluminescence with excitation wavelengths at 405nm and 514nm. Complete, compact and highly directional light extraction was demonstrated. 3D-FDTD and a herein-developed phenomenological model derived from the standard coupled-mode theory were used to analyze the results. The highest light extraction gains were ∼8 times better than unpatterned reference structures, which were paired with short extraction lengths (between 2µm and 6µm depending on the acceptance angle) and directional light emission for square lattice of nanopillars with a lattice period of 400nm. The design guidelines set in this work could pave the way for the use of inorganic MQW epi-layer color converters to achieve full color microdisplays on a single wafer.
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Hyun BR, Sher CW, Chang YW, Lin Y, Liu Z, Kuo HC. Dual Role of Quantum Dots as Color Conversion Layer and Suppression of Input Light for Full-Color Micro-LED Displays. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6946-6954. [PMID: 34283594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) displays with color-conversion layers, a facile and efficient technology getting rid of the use of the color filters leads to a big technical leap in cost-effective fabrication. In this study, it is demonstrated that quantum dot (QD) color conversion layers can significantly suppress residual blue excitation light because of the high extinction coefficients of QDs, ∼0.1% transmittance of blue light for green and red core/shell CdSe/ZnS QD film with thickness of less than 17 μm, and produce green and red colors. Incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into QD solutions enhances more than 10% of the luminous intensity by the scattering effect. It is found that the suppression of QD reabsorption is essential to achieve a high color-conversion efficiency. Our results provide a clear path to a cost-effective fabrication of QD conversion layer micro-LED displays over the full range of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ryool Hyun
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Chin-Wei Sher
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China 511458
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Yonghong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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Liu Z, Lin CH, Hyun BR, Sher CW, Lv Z, Luo B, Jiang F, Wu T, Ho CH, Kuo HC, He JH. Micro-light-emitting diodes with quantum dots in display technology. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:83. [PMID: 32411368 PMCID: PMC7214519 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) are regarded as the cornerstone of next-generation display technology to meet the personalised demands of advanced applications, such as mobile phones, wearable watches, virtual/augmented reality, micro-projectors and ultrahigh-definition TVs. However, as the LED chip size shrinks to below 20 μm, conventional phosphor colour conversion cannot present sufficient luminance and yield to support high-resolution displays due to the low absorption cross-section. The emergence of quantum dot (QD) materials is expected to fill this gap due to their remarkable photoluminescence, narrow bandwidth emission, colour tuneability, high quantum yield and nanoscale size, providing a powerful full-colour solution for μ-LED displays. Here, we comprehensively review the latest progress concerning the implementation of μ-LEDs and QDs in display technology, including μ-LED design and fabrication, large-scale μ-LED transfer and QD full-colour strategy. Outlooks on QD stability, patterning and deposition and challenges of μ-LED displays are also provided. Finally, we discuss the advanced applications of QD-based μ-LED displays, showing the bright future of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), 2052 Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Byung-Ryool Hyun
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chin-Wei Sher
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan China
| | - Zhijian Lv
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingqing Luo
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fulong Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), 2052 Sydney, NSW Australia
| | | | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan China
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lin S, Tan G, Yu J, Chen E, Weng Y, Zhou X, Xu S, Ye Y, Yan QF, Guo T. Multi-primary-color quantum-dot down-converting films for display applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28480-28493. [PMID: 31684599 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose and fabricate a multi-primary-color (MPC) quantum-dot down-converting film (QDDCF). A four-primary-color QDDCF composed of red (R), yellowish green (YG), bluish green (BG), and blue (B) subpixels was fabricated via totally five rounds of photolithographic processes. A verification platform was built up using a laser projector, and the measured results show that the QD film can expand display color gamut to 118.60% of Rec. 2020 and can cover the entire Pointer's gamut. The issues of blue light absorption and film thickness are analyzed in detail. The combination of MPC technology and QDDCF is a potential strategy to realize ultra wide color gamut for emerging display technologies.
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