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Okawara T, Matsufuji Y, Mizuno K, Takehara K, Nagamura T, Iwasa S. Vinylpyrroles: solid-state structures and aggregation-induced emission properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22817-22822. [PMID: 35514514 PMCID: PMC9067133 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An aggregation-induced emission chromophore, vinylpyrrole, was prepared from a formylpyrrole derivative, Meldrum's acid, and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid. The optical properties of the chromophore both in the solution and solid states were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the dimethylbarbituric acid adduct formed a J-aggregate in the solid and resulted in higher fluorescence quantum yield compared to the Meldrum's acid adduct. Emission enhancement was found to occur by the restriction of molecular rotation in the solid state. A cyclic ester and a cyclic amide functionalized monopyrroles show aggregation-induced emission (AIE) by the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okawara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College Shii 5-20-1, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 802-0985 Japan
| | - Yurina Matsufuji
- Advanced School of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College Shii 5-20-1, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 802-0985 Japan
| | - Kouhei Mizuno
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College Shii 5-20-1, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 802-0985 Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College Shii 5-20-1, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 802-0985 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagamura
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College Shii 5-20-1, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 802-0985 Japan .,Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute Biochemical Process Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 807-1 Shuku-machi, Tosu Saga 841-0052 Japan
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan
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Okawara T, Kawano R, Morita H, Finkelstein A, Toyofuku R, Matsumoto K, Takehara K, Nagamura T, Iwasa S, Kumar S. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photoluminescent Properties of 3,3',4,4'-Tetraethyl-5,5'-divinyl-2,2'-bipyrrole Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111816. [PMID: 29072593 PMCID: PMC6150395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent divinylbipyrroles were synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′-tetraetyl-2,2′-bipyrrole-5,5′-dicarboxaldehyde and activated methylene compounds via aldol condensation. For mechanistic clarity, molecular structures of Meldrum’s acid- and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid-derived divinylbipyrroles were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Photoluminescent properties of the synthesized divinylbipyrroles in dichloromethane were found to be dependent on the presence of electron withdrawing groups at the vinylic terminal. The divinylbipyrroles derived from malononitrile, Meldrum’s acid, and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid showed fluorescent peaks at 553, 576, and 602 nm respectively. Computational studies indicated that the alkyl substituents on the bipyrrole 3 and 3′ positions increased energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) compared to the unsubstituted derivatives and provided rationale for the bathochromic shift of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra compared to the previously reported analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okawara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Reo Kawano
- Advanced School of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Morita
- Advanced School of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Alan Finkelstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, NY 11367, USA.
| | - Renjiro Toyofuku
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Kanako Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Nagamura
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shi-i, Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985, Japan.
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Sanjai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, NY 11367, USA.
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry and Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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