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Komissarova EA, Dominskiy DI, Zhulanov VE, Abashev GG, Siddiqui A, Singh SP, Sosorev AY, Paraschuk DY. Unraveling the unusual effect of fluorination on crystal packing in an organic semiconductor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1665-1673. [PMID: 31894784 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05455c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Owing to combination of chemical and thermal stability, favorable molecular packing, and efficient electron transport, naphthalene diimide derivatives (NDIs) are promising materials for n-channel organic field effect transistors (OFETs). For tuning the properties of n-conductive organic semiconductors, as well as for improvement of their air stability, fluorination is a frequently used approach. In this study, we demonstrate how very small modification of the molecular structure - fluorine substitution in the p-position of the phenyl rings of N,N'-diphenyl-NDI (Ph-NDI) - dramatically changes the crystal packing but almost does not affect electron transport. We show that this two-atom modification of Ph-NDI changes the molecular packing motif from π-stacking to a herringbone one, in contrast with usually observed improvement of π-stacking with fluorination. This unexpected behavior is mainly attributed to changes in the electrostatic potential of the phenyl rings as a result of fluorination, which alters their relative orientation and modifies the packing of the NDI cores. Nevertheless, though the herringbone packing is typically considered as less favorable for charge transport, the theoretical electron mobility is slightly higher in the fluorinated Ph-NDI. The results obtained improve the understanding of the relationship between the molecular and crystal structures of organic semiconductors and their impact on charge transport, which is of key importance for rational design of high-mobility materials for organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Komissarova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ak. Koroleva 3, Perm 614013, Russia and Perm State University, Bukirev 15, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Dominskiy
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/62, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | | | - George G Abashev
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ak. Koroleva 3, Perm 614013, Russia and Perm State University, Bukirev 15, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Afzal Siddiqui
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya P Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andrey Yu Sosorev
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/62, Moscow 119991, Russia. and Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya 5, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Paraschuk
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/62, Moscow 119991, Russia. and Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya 5, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
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