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Nara Y, Tanaka M, Nagasawa K, Kuroda Y, Mitsushima S, Kawakami H. Development of highly alkaline stable anion conductive polymers with fluorene backbone for water electrolysis. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Nara
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy‐based Society (ReHES) Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kensaku Nagasawa
- Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kuroda
- Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shigenori Mitsushima
- Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy‐based Society (ReHES) Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
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Santoro C, Lavacchi A, Mustarelli P, Di Noto V, Elbaz L, Dekel DR, Jaouen F. What is Next in Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200027. [PMID: 35263034 PMCID: PMC9310600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As highlighted by the recent roadmaps from the European Union and the United States, water electrolysis is the most valuable high-intensity technology for producing green hydrogen. Currently, two commercial low-temperature water electrolyzer technologies exist: alkaline water electrolyzer (A-WE) and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE). However, both have major drawbacks. A-WE shows low productivity and efficiency, while PEM-WE uses a significant amount of critical raw materials. Lately, the use of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM-WE) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of the current commercial systems. AEM-WE could become the cornerstone to achieve an intense, safe, and resilient green hydrogen production to fulfill the hydrogen targets to achieve the 2050 decarbonization goals. Here, the status of AEM-WE development is discussed, with a focus on the most critical aspects for research and highlighting the potential routes for overcoming the remaining issues. The Review closes with the future perspective on the AEM-WE research indicating the targets to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Santoro
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5, Via Cozzi 520125MilanoItaly
| | - Alessandro Lavacchi
- Istituto di Chimica Dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM)Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR)Via Madonna Del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFirenzeItaly
| | - Piercarlo Mustarelli
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5, Via Cozzi 520125MilanoItaly
| | - Vito Di Noto
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech)Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 9I-35131PadovaPDItaly
| | - Lior Elbaz
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced MaterialsBar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan5290002Israel
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP)Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
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Xu F, Chen Y, Lin B, Li J, Qiu K, Ding J. Highly Durable Ether-Free Polyfluorene-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1180-1185. [PMID: 35549033 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with excellent chemical and dimensional stability and high conductivity faces several challenges. In the present work, a novel ether-free durable polyfluorene (PF) without fluorine-bearing pendant piperidinium groups was synthesized by the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Alkyl groups were introduced into the backbone of PF to enhance the solubility and flexibility of PF-based AEMs, and the transparent and flexible polymer membrane showed a high conductivity of 80.44 mS cm-1 and excellent alkaline stability in 2 M KOH solution at 80 °C. Although the membrane possesses a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) (2.49 mequiv g-1), it exhibits a low swelling ratio (9.4% at 80 °C), excellent mechanical properties, and dimensional stability. The H2/O2 single cell assembled with PFPE-Pi exhibited a maximum power density of 661 mW cm-2 at a current density of 1280 mA cm-2 at 80 °C. The present work provides a simple and effective strategy for the preparation of ether-free polyfluorene-based AEMs with high conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and dimensional stability for application in alkaline fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Bencai Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jianning Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Abouzari-Lotf E, Jacob MV, Ghassemi H, Zakeri M, Nasef MM, Abdolahi Y, Abbasi A, Ahmad A. Highly conductive anion exchange membranes based on polymer networks containing imidazolium functionalised side chains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3764. [PMID: 33580110 PMCID: PMC7881124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel types of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) having imidazolium-type functionalised nanofibrous substrates were prepared using the facile and potentially scalable method. The membranes' precursors were prepared by graft copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto syndiotactic polypropylene (syn-PP) and polyamide-66 (PA-66) nanofibrous networks followed by crosslinking with 1,8-octanediamine, thermal treatment and subsequent functionalisation of imidazolium groups. The obtained membranes displayed an ion exchange capacity (IEC) close to 1.9 mmol g-1 and ionic (OH-) conductivity as high as 130 mS cm-1 at 80 °C. This was coupled with a reasonable alkaline stability representing more than 70% of their original conductivity under accelerated degradation test in 1 M KOH at 80 °C for 360 h. The effect of ionomer binder on the performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in AEM fuel cell was evaluated with the optimum membrane. The MEA showed a power density of as high as 440 mW cm-2 at a current density is 910 mA cm-2 with diamine crosslinked quaternized polysulfone (DAPSF) binder at 80 °C with 90% humidified H2 and O2 gases. Such performance was 2.3 folds higher than the corresponding MEA performance with quaternary ammonium polysulfone (QAPS) binder at the same operating conditions. Overall, the newly developed membrane was found to possess not only an excellent combination of physico-chemical properties and a reasonable stability but also to have a facile preparation procedure and cheap ingredients making it a promising candidate for application in AEM fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mohan V Jacob
- Electronics Materials Lab., College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Hossein Ghassemi
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106-7202, USA
| | - Masoumeh Zakeri
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yadollah Abdolahi
- Nano Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Advanced Materials for Energy Storage, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arshad Ahmad
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Salma U, Nagao Y. Alkaline stability of ether bond free fluorene-based anion exchange polymer containing cycloaliphatic quaternary ammonium groups. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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