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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, El-Khateeb AY, Hamed SE, Osman AMA. Developments of pyridodipyrimidine heterocycles and their biological activities. Mol Divers 2024; 28:927-964. [PMID: 36840839 PMCID: PMC9959960 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The entitled review aimed to assemble and highlight the synthetic approaches and biological aspects of heterocycles with pyridodipyrimidine motifs. The recent synthetic approaches were categorized according to the accomplishments of the approaches under catalyst or catalyst-free conditions. The topic involved the synthesis of substituted tricyclic systems and spirocyclic systems. The present study offered an overview of the recent literature in addition to a scope of the preceding literature. The proposed mechanisms of the varied target products were discussed. Pyridodipyrimidine displayed potential and privileged cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial performances. The competitions, challenges, and prospects are also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Faculty of Science, Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ayman Y. El-Khateeb
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Sahar E. Hamed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Chemistry Department, Damietta University, Damietta, 22052 Egypt
| | - Amany M. A. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
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El-Kalyoubi S, Khalifa MM, Abo-Elfadl MT, El-Sayed AA, Elkamhawy A, Lee K, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design and synthesis of new spirooxindole candidates and their selenium nanoparticles as potential dual Topo I/II inhibitors, DNA intercalators, and apoptotic inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2242714. [PMID: 37592917 PMCID: PMC10444021 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2242714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new wave of dual Topo I/II inhibitors was designed and synthesised via the hybridisation of spirooxindoles and pyrimidines. In situ selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for some derivatives were synthesised. The targets and the SeNP derivatives were examined for their cytotoxicity towards five cancer cell lines. The inhibitory potencies of the best members against Topo I and Topo II were also assayed besides their DNA intercalation abilities. Compound 7d NPs exhibited the best inhibition against Topo I and Topo II enzymes with IC50 of 0.042 and 1.172 μM, respectively. The ability of compound 7d NPs to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis was investigated. It arrested the cell cycle in the A549 cell at the S phase and prompted apoptosis by 41.02% vs. 23.81% in the control. In silico studies were then performed to study the possible binding interactions between the designed members and the target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar El-Kalyoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T. Abo-Elfadl
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
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El-Kalyoubi S, Elbaramawi SS, Eissa AG, Al-Ageeli E, Hobani YH, El-Sharkawy AA, Mohamed HT, Al-Karmalawy AA, Abulkhair HS. Design and synthesis of novel uracil-linked Schiff bases as dual histone deacetylase type II/topoisomerase type I inhibitors with apoptotic potential. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:937-958. [PMID: 37381751 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The previously reported dual histone deacetylase type II (HDAC II) / topoisomerase type I (Topo I) inhibitors suffer pharmacokinetic limitations because of their huge molecular weights. Materials & methods: We report the design and synthesis of a smarter novel set of uracil-linked Schiff bases (19-30) as dual HDAC II/Topo I inhibitors keeping the essential pharmacophoric features. Cytotoxicity of all compounds was assessed against three cancer cell lines. Studies of their effects on the apoptotic BAX and antiapoptotic BCL2 genes, molecular docking studies, and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies were conducted. Results: Compounds 22, 25 and 30 exhibited significant activities. The bromophenyl derivative 22 displayed the best selectivity index, with IC50 values against HDAC II and Topo I of 1.12 and 13.44 μM, respectively. Conclusion: Compound 22 could be considered a lead HDAC II/Topo I inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar El-Kalyoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42511, Egypt
| | - Samar S Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Eissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Essam Al-Ageeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Medical Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 82621, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Hasan Hobani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 82621, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya Ali El-Sharkawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts, Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, International Coastal Road, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
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Hamed EO, Elsayed DA, Assy MG, Shehab WS. Design, Synthesis, Docking, 2D‐QSAR Modelling, Anticancer and Antioxidant Evaluation of Some New Azo‐Compounds Derivatives and Investigation of Their Fluorescence Properties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman O. Hamed
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Elsayed
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Assy
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Wesam S. Shehab
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
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