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Capelôa L, Miravet Martí R, Duro-Castaño A, Nebot VJ, Barz M. Utility of Triethyloxonium Tetrafluoroborate for Chloride Removal during Sarcosine N-Carboxyanhydride Synthesis: Improving NCA Purity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304375. [PMID: 38563634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The clinical translation of polysarcosine (pSar) as polyethylene glycol (PEG) replacement in the development of novel nanomedicines creates a broad demand of polymeric material in high-quality making high-purity sarcosine N-carboxyanhydride (Sar-NCA) as monomer for its production inevitable. Within this report, we present the use of triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in Sar-NCA synthesis with focus on amino acid and chloride impurities to avoid the sublimation of Sar-NCAs. With a view towards upscaling into kilogram or ton scale, a new methodology of monomer purification is introduced by utilizing the Meerwein's Salt triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to remove chloride impurities by covalent binding and converting chloride ions into volatile products within a single step. The novel straightforward technique enables access to monomers with significantly reduced chloride content (<100 ppm) compared to Sar-NCA derived by synthesis or sublimation. The derived monomers enable the controlled-living polymerization in DMF and provide access to pSar polymers with Poisson-like molecular weight distribution within a high range of chain lengths (Xn 25-200). In conclusion, the reported method can be easily applied to Sar-NCA synthesis or purification of commercially available pSar-NCAs and eases access to well-defined hetero-telechelic pSar polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Capelôa
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Vicent J Nebot
- Curapath, Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthias Barz
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), University Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (JGU), Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Li Y, Li P, Ke Y, Yu X, Yu W, Wen K, Shen J, Wang Z. Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Based on Precise Selection of Single Transgenic Hybridomas with an On-Cell-Surface and Antigen-Specific Anchor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17128-17141. [PMID: 35385643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybridoma technology is widely used for monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery, whereas the generation and identification of single hybridomas by the limiting dilution method (LDM) are tedious, inefficient, and time- and cost-consuming, especially for hapten molecules. Here, we describe a single transgenic hybridoma selection method (STHSM) that employs a transgenic Sp2/0 with an artificial and stable on-cell-surface anchor. The anchor was designed by combining the truncated variant transmembrane domain of EGFR with a biotin acceptor peptide AVI-tag, which was stably integrated into the genome of Sp2/0 via a piggyBac transposon. To ensure the subsequent precise selection of the hybridoma, the number of on-cell-surface anchors of the transfected Sp2/0 for fusion with immunized splenocytes was further normalized by flow cytometry at the single cell level. Then the single antigen-specific transgenic hybridomas were precisely identified and automatically selected using a CellenONE platform based on the fluorescence assay of the on-cell-surface anchor with the corresponding secreted antigen-specific mAb. The STHSM produced 579 single chloramphenicol (CAP)-specific transgenic hybridomas with a positive rate of 62.7% in 10 plates within 2 h by one-step selection, while only 12 single CAP-specific hybridomas with a positive rate of 6.3% in 40 plates required at least 32 days using the LDM with multiple subcloning steps. The best affinity of mAbs from the STHSM was more than 2-fold higher than that of those from the LDM, and this was mainly due to the preaffinity selection based on the on-cell-surface anchors and more interactions between the mAb and CAP. Then the mAbs from the STHSM and LDM were used to develop an immunoassay for CAP in spiked and natural biological samples. The method displayed satisfactory sensitivity, accuracy, and precision, demonstrating that the STHSM we developed is a versatile, practical, and efficient method for mAb discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518000 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, China
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Settanni G, Brill W, Haas H, Schmid F. pH-Dependent Behavior of Ionizable Cationic Lipids in mRNA-Carrying Lipoplexes Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100683. [PMID: 34874591 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles and lipoplexes containing ionizable lipids are among the most successful nanocarriers for mRNA-based therapies. The molecular structure of these assemblies is still not fully understood, as well as the role played by the ionizable lipids. SAXS experiments have shown that lipoplexes including the ionizable lipid 2-dioleyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane (DODMA), under specific conditions, have a lamellar structure, where lipid bilayers are separated by mRNA-rich layers, with an overall spacing between 6.5 and 8.0 nm and a complex pH-dependence. Here, the structure and dynamics of these lipoplexes are investigated at varying pH and mRNA concentration using multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. It is observed that the interaction between DODMA and RNA is slightly attractive only at low pH levels, while it becomes effectively repulsive at high and intermediate pH. This results into a pH-dependent relocation of the RNA inside the multilayers, from the lipid head groups at low pH to a more uniform distribution inside the hydrophilic slabs of the multilayers at high pH. It is also observed that at high pH, DODMA lipids shift toward the hydrophobic part of the bilayer, consequently increasing their leaflet-flipping rate, a phenomenon which may ultimately affect the fusion process of the lipoplex with the endosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Settanni
- Department of Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Haas
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Department of Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz, 55099, Germany
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4
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Yang W, Miyazaki T, Chen P, Hong T, Naito M, Miyahara Y, Matsumoto A, Kataoka K, Miyata K, Cabral H. Block catiomer with flexible cationic segment enhances complexation with siRNA and the delivery performance in vitro. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:850-863. [PMID: 34658669 PMCID: PMC8519541 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1976055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a promising therapeutic approach. Because siRNA has limited intracellular access and is rapidly cleared in vivo, the success of RNAi depends on efficient delivery technologies. Particularly, polyion complexation between block catiomers and siRNA is a versatile approach for constructing effective carriers, such as unit polyion complexes (uPIC), core-shell polyion complex (PIC) micelles and vesicular siRNAsomes, by engineering the structure of block catiomers. In this regard, the flexibility of block catiomers could be an important parameter in the formation of PIC nanostructures with siRNA, though its effect remains unknown. Here, we studied the influence of block catiomer flexibility on the assembly of PIC structures with siRNA using a complementary polymeric system, i.e. poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine) (PEG-PLL) and PEG-poly(glycidylbutylamine) (PEG-PGBA), which has a relatively more flexible polycation segment than PEG-PLL. Mixing PEG-PGBA with siRNA at molar ratios of primary amines in polymer to phosphates in the siRNA (N/P ratios) higher than 1.5 promoted the multimolecular association of uPICs, whereas PEG-PLL formed uPIC at all N/P ratios higher than 1. Moreover, uPICs from PEG-PGBA were more stable against counter polyanion exchange than uPICs from PEG-PLL, probably due to a favorable complexation process, as suggested by computational studies of siRNA/block catiomer binding. In in vitro experiments, PEG-PGBA uPICs promoted effective intracellular delivery of siRNA and efficient gene knockdown. Our results indicate the significance of polycation flexibility on assembling PIC structures with siRNA, and its potential for developing innovative delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pengwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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6
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Bauer TA, Eckrich J, Wiesmann N, Kuczelinis F, Sun W, Zeng X, Weber B, Wu S, Bings NH, Strieth S, Barz M. Photocleavable core cross-linked polymeric micelles of polypept(o)ides and ruthenium(II) complexes. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8211-8223. [PMID: 34373881 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Core cross-linking of polymeric micelles has been demonstrated to contribute to enhanced stability that can improve the therapeutic efficacy. Photochemistry has the potential to provide spatial resolution and on-demand drug release. In this study, light-sensitive polypyridyl-ruthenium(ii) complexes were combined with polypept(o)ides for photocleavable core cross-linked polymeric micelles. Block copolymers of polysarcosine-block-poly(glutamic acid) were synthesized by ring-opening N-carboxyanhydride polymerization and modified with aromatic nitrile-groups on the glutamic acid side chain. The modified copolymers self-assembled into micelles and were cross-linked by cis-diaquabis(2,2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(ii) ([Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+) or cis-diaquabis(2,2'-biquinoline)-ruthenium(ii) ([Ru(biq)2(H2O)2]2+). Depending on the flexibility and hydrophobicity of the nitrile linker, either small spherical structures (Dh 45 nm, PDI 0.11) or worm-like micelles were obtained. The cross-linking reaction did not affect the overall size distribution but induced a change in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer peak from 482 to 420 nm and 592 to 548 nm. The cross-linked micelles displayed colloidal stability after incubation with human blood plasma and during gel permeation chromatography in hexafluoroisopropanol. Light-induced cleavage of [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ was accomplished within 300 s, while [Ru(biq)2(H2O)2]2+ could not be completely released. Analysis in HuH-7 cells revealed increased cytotoxicity via micellar delivery of [Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+ but mostly irradiation damage for [Ru(biq)2(H2O)2]2+. Further evaluation in ovo confirmed stable circulation pointing towards the future development of quick-release complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Alexander Bauer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands. and Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Kuczelinis
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hubert Bings
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands. and Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Ritt N, Ayaou A, Zentel R. RAFT Synthesis of Reactive Multifunctional Triblock‐Copolymers for Polyplex Formation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ritt
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Amal Ayaou
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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8
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Richtering W, Alberg I, Zentel R. Nanoparticles in the Biological Context: Surface Morphology and Protein Corona Formation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002162. [PMID: 32856393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper demonstrated that the formation of a protein corona is not a general property of all types of nanosized objects. In fact, it varies between a massive aggregation of plasma proteins onto the nanoparticle down to traces (e.g., a few proteins per 10 nanoparticles), which can only be determined by mass spectrometry in comparison to appropriate negative controls and background subtraction. Here, differences between various types of nanosized objects are discussed in order to determine general structure-property-relations from a physico-chemical viewpoint. It is highlighted that "not all nanoparticles are alike" and shown that their internal morphology, especially the difference between a strongly hydrated/swollen shell versus a sharp "hard" surface and its accessibility, is most relevant for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irina Alberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Holm R, Schwiertz D, Weber B, Schultze J, Kuhn J, Koynov K, Lächelt U, Barz M. Multifunctional Cationic PeptoStars as siRNA Carrier: Influence of Architecture and Histidine Modification on Knockdown Potential. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900152. [PMID: 31430057 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference provides enormous potential for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, successful therapies based on siRNA require overcoming various challenges, such as poor pharmacokinetic characteristics of the small RNA molecule and inefficient cytosolic accumulation. In this respect, the development of functional siRNA carrier systems is a major task in biomedical research. To provide such a desired system, the synthesis of 3-arm and 6-arm PeptoStars is aimed for. The different branched polypept(o)idic architectures share a stealth-like polysarcosine corona for efficient shielding and a multifunctional polylysine core, which can be independently varied in size and functionality for siRNA complexation-, transport and intra cellular release. The special feature of star-like polypept(o)ides is in their uniform small size (<20 nm) and a core-shell structure, which implies a high stability and stealth-like properties and thus, they may combine long circulation times and a deep penetration of cancerous tissue. Initial toxicity and complement studies demonstrate well tolerated cationic PeptoStars with high complexation capability toward siRNA (N/P ratio up to 3:1), which can lead to potent RNAi for optimized systems. Here, the synthetic development of 3-arm and 6-arm polypept(o)idic star polymers, their modification with endosomolytic moieties, and first in vitro insights on RNA interference are reported on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Holm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Schwiertz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schultze
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Settanni G, Schäfer T, Muhl C, Barz M, Schmid F. Poly-sarcosine and Poly(Ethylene-Glycol) Interactions with Proteins Investigated Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:543-550. [PMID: 30524669 PMCID: PMC6259037 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles coated with hydrophilic polymers often show a reduction in unspecific interactions with the biological environment, which improves their biocompatibility. The molecular determinants of this reduction are not very well understood yet, and their knowledge may help improving nanoparticle design. Here we address, using molecular dynamics simulations, the interactions of human serum albumin, the most abundant serum protein, with two promising hydrophilic polymers used for the coating of therapeutic nanoparticles, poly(ethylene-glycol) and poly-sarcosine. By simulating the protein immersed in a polymer-water mixture, we show that the two polymers have a very similar affinity for the protein surface, both in terms of the amount of polymer adsorbed and also in terms of the type of amino acids mainly involved in the interactions. We further analyze the kinetics of adsorption and how it affects the polymer conformations. Minor differences between the polymers are observed in the thickness of the adsorption layer, that are related to the different degree of flexibility of the two molecules. In comparison poly-alanine, an isomer of poly-sarcosine known to self-aggregate and induce protein aggregation, shows a significantly larger affinity for the protein surface than PEG and PSar, which we show to be related not to a different patterns of interactions with the protein surface, but to the different way the polymer interacts with water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Schäfer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Muhl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Ulkoski D, Scholz C. Impact of Cationic Charge Density and PEGylated Poly(Amino Acid) Tercopolymer Architecture on Their Use as Gene Delivery Vehicles. Part 2: DNA Protection, Stability, Cytotoxicity, and Transfection Efficiency. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800109. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ulkoski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; 301 Sparkman Drive Huntsville AL 35899 USA
| | - Carmen Scholz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; 301 Sparkman Drive Huntsville AL 35899 USA
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12
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Weber B, Birke A, Fischer K, Schmidt M, Barz M. Solution Properties of Polysarcosine: From Absolute and Relative Molar Mass Determinations to Complement Activation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob Welder Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob Welder Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Beck S, Schultze J, Räder HJ, Holm R, Schinnerer M, Barz M, Koynov K, Zentel R. Site-Specific DBCO Modification of DEC205 Antibody for Polymer Conjugation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020141. [PMID: 30966177 PMCID: PMC6414842 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of multifunctional polymer-based vectors, forming pDNA vaccines, offers great potential in cancer immune therapy. The transfection of dendritic immune cells (DCs) with tumour antigen-encoding pDNA leads to an activation of the immune system to combat tumour cells. In this work, we investigated the chemical attachment of DEC205 antibodies (aDEC205) as DC-targeting structures to polyplexes of P(Lys)-b-P(HPMA). The conjugation of a synthetic block copolymer and a biomacromolecule with various functionalities (aDEC205) requires bioorthogonal techniques to avoid side reactions. Click chemistry and in particular the strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can provide the required bioorthogonality. With regard to a SPAAC of both components, we firstly synthesized two different azide-containing block copolymers, P(Lys)-b-P(HPMA)-N3(stat) and P(Lys)-b-P(HPMA)-N3(end), for pDNA complexation. In addition, the site-specific incorporation of ring-strained dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) moieties to the DEC205 antibody was achieved by an enzymatic strategy using bacterial transglutaminase (BTG). The chemical accessibility of DBCO molecules within aDEC205 as well as the accessibility of azide-functionalities on the polyplex’ surface were investigated by various SPAAC experiments and characterized by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Beck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (R.H.); (M.B.)
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schultze
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (H.-J.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (H.-J.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Regina Holm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (R.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Meike Schinnerer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jakob Welder Weg 11, D-55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (R.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (H.-J.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (R.H.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-39-20361
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