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Mullins N, Alashraf AR, McDermott K, Brown RS, Payne SJ. Polyethylenimine mediated recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and total viral RNA: Impact of aqueous conditions on behaviour and recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121207. [PMID: 38401469 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging, practical surveillance tool for monitoring community levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, SC2). However, a paucity of data exists regarding SARS-CoV-2 and viral biomarker behaviour in aqueous and wastewater environments. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop efficient and robust methods that both improve method sensitivity and reduce time and cost. We present a novel method for SARS-CoV-2, Human Coronavirus 229E (229E), and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) recovery utilizing surface charge-based attraction via the branched cationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI). Initially, dose-optimization experiments demonstrated that low concentrations of PEI (0.001% w/v) proved most effective at flocculating suspended viruses and viral material, including additional unbound SC2 viral fragments and/or RNA from raw wastewater. A design-of-experiments (DOE) approach was used to optimize virus and/or viral material aggregation behaviour and recovery across varying aqueous conditions, revealing pH as a major influence on recoverability in this system, combinatorially due to both a reduction in viral material surface charge and increased protonation of PEI-bound amine groups. Overall, this method has shown great promise in significantly improving quantitative viral recovery, providing a straightforward and effective augmentation to standard centrifugation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Mullins
- Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Abdul Rahman Alashraf
- Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Queen's University, Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - R Stephen Brown
- Queen's University, Department of Chemistry and School of Environmental Studies, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Queen's University, Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Sarah Jane Payne
- Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Queen's University, Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Sarker M, Watts S, Salentinig S, Lim S. Protein Cage-Stabilized Emulsions: Formulation and Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2671:219-239. [PMID: 37308648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3222-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The formulation of Pickering emulsions using protein cages is gaining interest for applications in molecular delivery. Despite the growing interest, methods to investigate the at the liquid-liquid interface are limited. This chapter describes standard methods to formulate and protocols to characterize protein cage-stabilized emulsions. The characterization methods are dynamic light scattering (DLS), intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (TF), circular dichroism (CD), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Combining these methods allows understanding of the protein cage nanostructure at the oil/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Sarker
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Watts
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Hu S, Li Y, Yue F, Chen Y, Qi H. Bio-inspired synthesis of amino acids modified sulfated cellulose nanofibrils into multivalent viral inhibitors via the Mannich reaction. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120202. [PMID: 36876813 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Virus cross-infection via surfaces poses a serious threat to public health. Inspired by natural sulfated polysaccharides and antiviral peptides, we prepared multivalent virus blocking nanomaterials by introducing amino acids to sulfated cellulose nanofibrils (SCNFs) via the Mannich reaction. The antiviral activity of the resulting amino acid-modified sulfated nanocellulose was significantly improved. Specifically, 1 h treatment with arginine modified SCNFs at a concentration of 0.1 g/mL led to a complete inactivation of the phage-X174 (reduction by more than three orders of magnitude). Atomic force microscope showed that amino acid-modified sulfated nanofibrils can bind phage-X174 to form linear clusters, thus preventing the virus from infecting the host. When we coated wrapping paper and the inside of a face-mask with our amino acid-modified SCNFs, phage-X174 was completely deactivated on the coated surfaces, demonstrating the potential of our approach for use in the packaging and personal protective equipment industries. This work provides an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient approach to fabricating multivalent nanomaterials for antiviral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Yuehu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Fengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Yian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
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Armanious A, Mezzenga R. A Roadmap for Building Waterborne Virus Traps. JACS AU 2022; 2:2205-2221. [PMID: 36311831 PMCID: PMC9597599 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of waterborne viruses pose a massive threat to human health, claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands of people every year. Adsorption-based filtration offers a promising facile and environmentally friendly approach to help provide safe drinking water to a world population of almost 8 billion people, particularly in communities that lack the infrastructure for large-scale facilities. The search for a material that can effectively trap viruses has been mainly driven by a top-down approach, in which old and new materials have been tested for this purpose. Despite substantial advances, finding a material that achieves this crucial goal and meets all associated challenges remains elusive. We suggest that the road forward should strongly rely on a complementary bottom-up approach based on our fundamental understanding of virus interactions at interfaces. We review the state-of-the-art physicochemical knowledge of the forces that drive the adsorption of viruses at solid-water interfaces. Compared to other nanometric colloids, viruses have heterogeneous surface chemistry and diverse morphologies. We advocate that advancing our understanding of virus interactions would require describing their physicochemical properties using novel descriptors that reflect their heterogeneity and diversity. Several other related topics are also addressed, including the effect of coadsorbates on virus adsorption, virus inactivation at interfaces, and experimental considerations to ensure well-grounded research results. We finally conclude with selected examples of materials that made notable advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Armanious
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
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Norfarhana A, Ilyas R, Ngadi N. A review of nanocellulose adsorptive membrane as multifunctional wastewater treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhou B, Kang W, Yang H, Li Z, Gao Z, Zheng Z, Jia R, He Y, Liu D, Jia H, Lekomtsev A, Dengaev A. Alkyl chain length influence of hydrotrope on the pH responsiveness of surfactant aggregates based on dynamic imine bond. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dahanayake MH, Athukorala SS, Jayasundera ACA. Recent breakthroughs in nanostructured antiviral coating and filtration materials: a brief review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16369-16385. [PMID: 35747530 PMCID: PMC9158512 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01567f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 persists as the most challenging pandemic of the 21st century with a high rate of transmission. The main pathway of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is aerosol-mediated infection transfer through virus-laden droplets that are expelled by infected people, whereas indirect transmission occurs when contact is made with a contaminated surface. This mini review delivers an overview of the current state of knowledge, research directions, and applications by examining the most recent developments in antiviral surface coatings and filters and analyzing their efficiencies. Reusable masks and other personal protective devices with antiviral properties and self-decontamination could be valuable tools in the fight against viral spread. Moreover, antiviral surface coatings that repel pathogens by preventing adhesion or neutralize pathogens with self-sanitizing ability are assumed to be the most desirable for terminating indirect transmission of viruses. Although many nanomaterials have shown high antiviral capacities, additional research is unquestionably required to develop next-generation antiviral agents with unique characteristics to face future viral outbreaks. Types of antiviral nanofilters and coatings and their applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushani H. Dahanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hanthana, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sandya S. Athukorala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - A. C. A. Jayasundera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Division of Mathematics and Science, Missouri Valley College, Marshall, MO, 65340, USA
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Nejatishahidein N, Zydney AL. Depth filtration in bioprocessing — new opportunities for an old technology. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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