1
|
Wang HL, Wang L, Zhao CY, Lan HY. Role of TGF-Beta Signaling in Beta Cell Proliferation and Function in Diabetes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:373. [PMID: 35327565 PMCID: PMC8945211 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β) cell dysfunction or loss is the common pathological feature in all types of diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Resolving the underlying mechanism may facilitate the treatment of diabetes by preserving the β cell population and function. It is known that TGF-β signaling plays diverse roles in β cell development, function, proliferation, apoptosis, and dedifferentiation. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling expands β cell lineage in the development. However, deletion of Tgfbr1 has no influence on insulin demand-induced but abolishes inflammation-induced β cell proliferation. Among canonical TGF-β signaling, Smad3 but not Smad2 is the predominant repressor of β cell proliferation in response to systemic insulin demand. Deletion of Smad3 simultaneously improves β cell function, apoptosis, and systemic insulin resistance with the consequence of eliminated overt diabetes in diabetic mouse models, revealing Smad3 as a key mediator and ideal therapeutic target for type-2 diabetes. However, Smad7 shows controversial effects on β cell proliferation and glucose homeostasis in animal studies. On the other hand, overexpression of Tgfb1 prevents β cells from autoimmune destruction without influence on β cell function. All these findings reveal the diverse regulatory roles of TGF-β signaling in β cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lian Wang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (H.-L.W.); (L.W.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (H.-L.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Chang-Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marfy‐Smith SJ, Clarkin CE. Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells So Bloody Great After All? Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:3-6. [PMID: 28170195 PMCID: PMC5442748 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This Perspective discusses some activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of angiogenesis, focusing on contrasting effects that could call into question the extent to which MSCs can be used clinically in the future. We report on the antiangiogenic/antiproliferative effects of specific MSC populations (including bone marrow MSCs), their paracrine activity, tissue heterogeneity, and endothelial cell interactions. Also discussed are what could lead to contrasting effects of the influence of MSCs in regulating angiogenesis, pointing to some negative effects of these cells. In conclusion, this article highlights important aspects of MSC behavior within the perspective of translational medicine applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:3–6
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire E. Clarkin
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clarkin CE, Mahmoud M, Liu B, Sobamowo EO, King A, Arthur H, Jones PM, Wheeler-Jones CP. Modulation of endoglin expression in islets of langerhans by VEGF reveals a novel regulator of islet endothelial cell function. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:362. [PMID: 27456002 PMCID: PMC4960785 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoglin/CD105 is an auxiliary receptor for transforming growth factor-β with established roles in vascular remodelling. It has recently been shown that heterozygous endoglin deficiency in mice decreases insulin secretion in an animal model of obesity, highlighting a potential role for endoglin in the regulation of islet function. We have previously identified two different populations of endoglin expressing cells in human and mouse islets which are: (i) endothelial cells (ECs) and (ii) islet mesenchymal stromal cells. The contribution of islet EC endoglin expression to islet development and sensitivity to VEGF is unknown and is the focus of this study. RESULTS In vitro culture of mouse islets with VEGF164 for 48 h increased endoglin mRNA levels above untreated controls but VEGF did not modulate VEGFR2, CD31 or CD34 mRNA expression or islet viability. Removal of EC-endoglin expression in vivo reduced islet EC area but had no apparent effect on islet size or architecture. CONCLUSION EC-specific endoglin expression in islets is sensitive to VEGF and plays partial roles in driving islet vascular development, however such regulation appears to be distinct to mechanisms required to modulate islet viability and size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Clarkin
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 85/Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, London, NE1 3BZ UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Emmanuel O. Sobamowo
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 85/Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Aileen King
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Helen Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, London, NE1 3BZ UK
| | - Peter M. Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Xiang M, Liu Y, Sun N, Lu M, Shi Y, Wang X, Meng D, Chen S, Qin J. Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells mimicking vascular inflammatory response under flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014106. [PMID: 26858818 PMCID: PMC4714980 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) have great potential in vascular diseases research and regenerative medicine. Autologous human ECs are difficult to acquire in sufficient numbers in vitro, and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer unique opportunity to generate ECs for these purposes. In this work, we present a new and efficient method to simply differentiate human iPSCs into functional ECs, which can respond to physiological level of flow and inflammatory stimulation on a fabricated microdevice. The endothelial-like cells were differentiated from human iPSCs within only one week, according to the inducing development principle. The expression of endothelial progenitor and endothelial marker genes (GATA2, RUNX1, CD34, and CD31) increased on the second and fourth days after the initial inducing process. The differentiated ECs exhibited strong expression of cells-specific markers (CD31 and von Willebrand factor antibody), similar to that present in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, the hiPSC derived ECs were able to form tubular structure and respond to vascular-like flow generated on a microdevice. Furthermore, the human induced pluripotent stem cell-endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) pretreated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were susceptible to adhesion to human monocyte line U937 under flow condition, indicating the feasibility of this hiPSCs derived microsystem for mimicking the inflammatory response of endothelial cells under physiological and pathological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifeng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration (CHDSCR) was founded in 2004 as a cross-disciplinary research and translational program within the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Southampton. The Centre undertakes fundamental research into early development and stem cells together with applied translational research for patient benefit. The Centre has vibrant and thriving multidisciplinary research programs that harness the translational strength of the Faculty together with an innovative Stem Cell PhD program, outstanding clinical infrastructure and enterprise to deliver on this vision.
Collapse
|
6
|
Faulkner A, Purcell R, Hibbert A, Latham S, Thomson S, Hall WL, Wheeler-Jones C, Bishop-Bailey D. A thin layer angiogenesis assay: a modified basement matrix assay for assessment of endothelial cell differentiation. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:41. [PMID: 25476021 PMCID: PMC4263020 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-014-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basement matrices such as Matrigel™ and Geltrex™ are used in a variety of cell culture assays of anchorage-dependent differentiation including endothelial cell tube formation assays. The volumes of matrix recommended for these assays (approximately 150 μl/cm2) are costly, limit working distances for microscopy, and require cell detachment for subsequent molecular analysis. Here we describe the development and validation of a thin-layer angiogenesis (TLA) assay for assessing the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells that overcomes these limitations. Results Geltrex™ basement matrix at 5 μl/cm2 in 24-well (10 μl) or 96-well (2 μl) plates supports endothelial cell differentiation into tube-like structures in a comparable manner to the standard larger volumes of matrix. Since working distances are reduced, high-resolution single cell microscopy, including DIC and confocal imaging, can be used readily. Using MitoTracker dye we now demonstrate, for the first time, live mitochondrial dynamics and visualise the 3-dimensional network of mitochondria present in differentiated endothelial cells. Using a standard commercial total RNA extraction kit (Qiagen) we also show direct RNA extraction and RT-qPCR from differentiated endothelial cells without the need to initially detach cells from their supporting matrix. Conclusions We present here a new thin-layer assay (TLA) for measuring the anchorage-dependent differentiation of endothelial cells into tube-like structures which retains all the characteristics of the traditional approach but with the added benefit of a greatly lowered cost and better compatibility with other techniques, including RT-qPCR and high-resolution microscopy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-014-0041-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Faulkner
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Robert Purcell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Andrew Hibbert
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Sally Latham
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Scott Thomson
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Caroline Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|