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Younis MA, Harashima H. Understanding Gene Involvement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:193-213. [PMID: 38737776 PMCID: PMC11088404 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s431346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the dominant type of liver cancers and is one of the deadliest health threats globally. The conventional therapeutic options for HCC are hampered by low efficiency and intolerable side effects. Gene therapy, however, now offers hope for the treatment of many disorders previously considered incurable, and gene therapy is beginning to address many of the shortcomings of conventional therapies. Herein, we summarize the involvement of genes in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC, with a special focus on dysregulated signaling pathways, genes involved in immune evasion, and non-coding RNAs as novel two-edged players, which collectively offer potential targets for the gene therapy of HCC. Herein, the opportunities and challenges of HCC gene therapy are discussed. These include innovative therapies such as genome editing and cell therapies. Moreover, advanced gene delivery technologies that recruit nanomedicines for use in gene therapy for HCC are highlighted. Finally, suggestions are offered for improved clinical translation and future directions in this area of endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Younis
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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2
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He J, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Deng J, Tang X, Liu F, Huang J, Chen H, Liang R, Zan X, Liu Z, Tong A, Guo G, Xu J, Zhu X, Zhou L, Peng Y. Characterization of novel CTNNB1 mutation in Craniopharyngioma by whole-genome sequencing. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:168. [PMID: 34922552 PMCID: PMC8684236 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Craniopharyngioma (CP) is rare histologically benign but clinically challenging tumor because of its intimate relationship with the critical structure in the central brain. CP can be divided into two major histologic subtypes: adamantinomatous-type CP (ACP) and papillary-type CP (PCP). Although some genetic aberrations for both categories have been revealed in previous studies, the complete spectrum of genetic changes of this tumor remains unknown. Methods In this study, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) on twenty-six CPs including 16 ACPs and 10 PCPs together with their matched blood samples. Somatic variants (SNVs, InDels, SVs and CNVs) were identified and mutational signatures were characterized for each patient. We investigated the impact of a novel CTNNB1 mutant on its protein stability, ubiquitination and Wnt pathway activity. Cell proliferation ability of the CTNNB1 mutant in ACP primary cells was additionally analyzed by CCK8 and colony formation assays. Results We found that CPs had showed less complexity with fewer somatic mutations compared with malignant tumors. Moreover, mutations in CTNNB1 (68.75% of ACP) and BRAF V600E (70.00% of PCP) are mutually exclusive in ACP and PCP, consolidating that the driving roles of these two genes in ACP and PCP, respectively. A novel mutation in the exon 3 of CTNNB1 which compromised both a transversion and in-frame deletion was identified in ACP. This mutation was experimentally validated to confer β-catenin increased stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination, thus activating Wnt-signaling pathway and promoting cell proliferation. Conclusions Whole genome landscape for CP was revealed by WGS analysis, and a novel mutation in the exon 3 of CTNNB1 was identified. This novel mutation activates Wnt-signaling pathway through increasing the stability of β-catenin. Our findings provided us with more comprehensive insight into the spectrum of genetic alterations in CP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01468-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruichao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Zan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Kunova Bosakova M, Varecha M, Hampl M, Duran I, Nita A, Buchtova M, Dosedelova H, Machat R, Xie Y, Ni Z, Martin JH, Chen L, Jansen G, Krakow D, Krejci P. Regulation of ciliary function by fibroblast growth factor signaling identifies FGFR3-related disorders achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia as ciliopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1093-1105. [PMID: 29360984 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia project from almost every cell integrating extracellular cues with signaling pathways. Constitutive activation of FGFR3 signaling produces the skeletal disorders achondroplasia (ACH) and thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), but many of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unresolved. Here, we report in vivo evidence for significantly shortened primary cilia in ACH and TD cartilage growth plates. Using in vivo and in vitro methodologies, our data demonstrate that transient versus sustained activation of FGF signaling correlated with different cilia consequences. Transient FGF pathway activation elongated cilia, while sustained activity shortened cilia. FGF signaling extended primary cilia via ERK MAP kinase and mTORC2 signaling, but not through mTORC1. Employing a GFP-tagged IFT20 construct to measure intraflagellar (IFT) speed in cilia, we showed that FGF signaling affected IFT velocities, as well as modulating cilia-based Hedgehog signaling. Our data integrate primary cilia into canonical FGF signal transduction and uncover a FGF-cilia pathway that needs consideration when elucidating the mechanisms of physiological and pathological FGFR function, or in the development of FGFR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Hampl
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Dosedelova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Machat
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Gert Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Shyam S, Khan AQ, Merhi M, Dermime S, Uddin S. Role of Non Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Hematological Malignances and its Targeting by Natural Products. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:31. [PMID: 29455667 PMCID: PMC5817858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases belong to a family of enzymes that mediate the movement of the phosphate group to tyrosine residues of target protein, thus transmitting signals from the cell surface to cytoplasmic proteins and the nucleus to regulate physiological processes. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK) are a sub-group of tyrosine kinases, which can relay intracellular signals originating from extracellular receptor. NRTKs can regulate a huge array of cellular functions such as cell survival, division/propagation and adhesion, gene expression, immune response, etc. NRTKs exhibit considerable variability in their structural make up, having a shared kinase domain and commonly possessing many other domains such as SH2, SH3 which are protein-protein interacting domains. Recent studies show that NRTKs are mutated in several hematological malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias and myelomas, leading to aberrant activation. It can be due to point mutations which are intragenic changes or by fusion of genes leading to chromosome translocation. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activity result in the formation of oncogenes, such as Abl, Fes, Src, etc. Therefore, specific kinase inhibitors have been sought after to target mutated kinases. A number of compounds have since been discovered, which have shown to inhibit the activity of NRTKs, which are remarkably well tolerated. This review covers the role of various NRTKs in the development of hematological cancers, including their deregulation, genetic alterations, aberrant activation and associated mutations. In addition, it also looks at the recent advances in the development of novel natural compounds that can target NRTKs and perhaps in combination with other forms of therapy can show great promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Sunitha Shyam
- Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar.
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Nolta JA. Research Leads to Approved Therapies in the New Era of Living Medicine. Stem Cells 2017; 36:1-3. [PMID: 29210150 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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