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Williams WR. Cell signal transduction: hormones, neurotransmitters and therapeutic drugs relate to purine nucleotide structure. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:101-111. [PMID: 29402169 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1431279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleotides transduce cell membrane receptor responses and modulate ion channel activity. This is accomplished through conformational change in the structure of nucleotides and cell membrane associated proteins. The aim of this study is to enhance our understanding of nucleotide dependence in regard to signal transduction events, drug action and pharmacological promiscuity. Nucleotides and ligand structures regulating Gα protein subunits, voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels are investigated for molecular similarity using a computational program. Results differentiate agonist and antagonist structures, identify molecular similarity within nucleotide and ligand structures and demonstrate the potential of ligands to regulate nucleotide conformational change. Relative molecular similarity within nucleotides and the ligands of the major receptor classes provides insight into mechanisms of receptor and ion channel regulation. The nucleotide template model has some merit as an initial screening tool in the study and comparison of drug and hormone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Williams
- a Faculty of Life Sciences & Education , University of South Wales , Cardiff , UK
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2
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Yu Y, Chen JH, Li H, Yang Z, Du X, Hong L, Liao H, Jiang L, Shi J, Zhao L, Tan S, Luo H, Huizinga JD. Involvement of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors in colonic motor patterns in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:914-28. [PMID: 25807879 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic migrating motor complexes in the rat constitute two distinct propulsive motor patterns, pan-colonic rhythmic long distance contractions (LDCs), and rhythmic propulsive motor complexes (RPMCs) occurring primarily in the mid/distal colon. Interstitial cells of Cajal govern their rhythmicity, but their occurrence is dependent on neural programs. Our aim was to investigate the involvement of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors in the generation and pharmacological control of the motor patterns. METHODS Effects of 5-HT-related drugs on colonic motor patterns were analyzed through spatio-temporal maps created from video recordings of whole organ motility. KEY RESULTS 5-HT3 antagonists abolished RPMCs and LDCs. 5-HT4 agonists inhibited LDCs; they promoted RPMCs, which was blocked by the 5-HT4 antagonist GR 125487. 5-HT and the 5-HT3 agonist m-CPBG strongly inhibited LDCs and RPMCs. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The generation of LDCs involves ongoing 5-HT release acting on 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. The spontaneous generation of RPMCs involves ongoing 5-HT release acting on 5-HT3 but not 5-HT4 receptors. Prucalopride and mosapride promote RPMCs, an effect that is inhibited by the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist GR 125487. A 5-HT3 agonist does not promote RPMCs. Segmentation, including a pattern of sequential segmental activity not previously described, can occur without significant involvement of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. 5-HT and a 5-HT3 agonist are strongly inhibitory indicating that 5-HT receptors are present in inhibitory pathways which are normally not involved in the generation of spontaneous or distention-induced motor patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - J-H Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - X Du
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - L Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - H Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - S Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - H Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - J D Huizinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Juárez EH, Ochoa-Cortés F, Miranda-Morales M, Espinosa-Luna R, Montaño LM, Barajas-López C. Selectivity of antagonists for theCys-loop native receptors for ACh, 5-HT and GABA in guinea-pig myenteric neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 34:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/aap.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. H. Juárez
- División de Biología Molecular; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; San Luis Potosí SLP México
| | - F. Ochoa-Cortés
- División de Biología Molecular; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; San Luis Potosí SLP México
| | - M. Miranda-Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Neurobiología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Campus Juriquilla Querétaro Querétaro México
| | - R. Espinosa-Luna
- División de Biología Molecular; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; San Luis Potosí SLP México
| | - L. M. Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF México
| | - C. Barajas-López
- División de Biología Molecular; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; San Luis Potosí SLP México
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Lack of interaction of endocannabinoids and 5-HT3 neurotransmission in associative fear circuits of the amygdala: Evidence from electrophysiological and behavioural experiments. Brain Res 2013; 1527:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nieto-Pescador MG, Guerrero-Alba R, Valdez-Morales E, Espinosa-Luna R, Jiménez-Vargas N, Liñan-Rico Andrómeda A, Ramos-Lomas TL, Díaz-Hernández Verónica V, Montaño LM, Barajas-López C. P2X4 subunits are part of P2X native channels in murine myenteric neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 709:93-102. [PMID: 23567069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate if P2X4 receptors are expressed in murine myenteric neurons and if these receptors contribute to form functional channels in the neuronal membrane by using molecular and electrophysiological techniques. The whole-cell recording technique was used to measure membrane currents induced by ATP (I(ATP)) in myenteric neurons. Compared with recombinant P2X4 receptor-channels (reported by others in a previous study), native myenteric P2X receptors have a relative lower sensitivity for ATP (EC₅₀=102 µM) and α,β methylene ATP (not effect at 30 or 100 µM). BzATP was a weak agonist for native P2X receptors. KN-62 had no effect on myenteric P2X channels whereas PPADS (IC₅₀=0.54 µM) or suramin (IC₅₀=134 µM) were more potent antagonists than on P2X4 homomeric channels. I(ATP) were potentiated by ivermectin (effect that is specific on P2X4 receptors) and zinc. Western blotting shows the presence of P2X4 protein and RT-PCR the corresponding mRNA transcript in the small intestine. Immunoreactivity for P2X4 receptors was found in most myenteric neurons in culture. Single-cell RT-PCR shows the presence of P2X4 mRNA in 90% of myenteric neurons. Our results indicate that P2X4 receptors are expressed in the majority of myenteric neurons, contribute to the membrane currents activated by ATP, and because most properties of I(ATP) does not correspond to P2X4 homomeric channels it is proposed that P2X4 are forming heteromeric channels in these neurons. P2X4 subunits have a widespread distribution within the myenteric plexus and would be expected to play an important role in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Nieto-Pescador
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78216, Mexico
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Ramírez-Martínez JF, González-Chávez R, Guerrero-Alba R, Reyes-Gutiérrez PE, Martínez R, Miranda-Morales M, Espinosa-Luna R, González-Chávez MM, Barajas-López C. Dibenzo[1,2,5]thiadiazepines are non-competitive GABAA receptor antagonists. Molecules 2013; 18:894-913. [PMID: 23344200 PMCID: PMC6270094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new process for obtaining dibenzo[c,f][1,2,5]thiadiazepines (DBTDs) and their effects on GABA(A) receptors of guinea pig myenteric neurons are described. Synthesis of DBTD derivatives began with two commercial aromatic compounds. An azide group was obtained after two sequential reactions, and the central ring was closed via a nitrene to obtain the tricyclic sulfonamides (DBTDs). Whole-cell recordings showed that DBTDs application did not affect the holding current but inhibited the currents induced by GABA (I(GABA)), which are mediated by GABA(A) receptors. These DBTDs effects reached their maximum 3 min after application and were: (i) reversible, (ii) concentration-dependent (with a rank order of potency of 2c = 2d > 2b), (iii) mediated by a non-competitive antagonism, and (iv) only observed when applied extracellularly. Picrotoxin (which binds in the channel mouth) and DBTDs effects were not modified when both substances were simultaneous applied. Our results indicate that DBTD acted on the extracellular domain of GABA(A) channels but independent of the picrotoxin, benzodiazepine, and GABA binding sites. DBTDs used here could be the initial model for synthesizing new GABA(A) receptor inhibitors with a potential to be used as antidotes for positive modulators of these receptors or to induce experimental epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Ramírez-Martínez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.F.R.-M.); (R.G.-A.); (R.E.-L.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.G.-C.); (P.E.R.-G.)
| | - Rodolfo González-Chávez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.G.-C.); (P.E.R.-G.)
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.F.R.-M.); (R.G.-A.); (R.E.-L.)
| | - Paul E. Reyes-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.G.-C.); (P.E.R.-G.)
| | - Roberto Martínez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Marcela Miranda-Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Rosa Espinosa-Luna
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.F.R.-M.); (R.G.-A.); (R.E.-L.)
| | - Marco M. González-Chávez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.G.-C.); (P.E.R.-G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.M.G.-C.); (C.B.-L.); Tel.: +52-444-826-2440 (ext. 526) (M.M.G.-C.); Tel.: +52-444-834-2035 (C.B.-L.); Fax: +52-444-834-2010 (C.B.-L.)
| | - Carlos Barajas-López
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.F.R.-M.); (R.G.-A.); (R.E.-L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.M.G.-C.); (C.B.-L.); Tel.: +52-444-826-2440 (ext. 526) (M.M.G.-C.); Tel.: +52-444-834-2035 (C.B.-L.); Fax: +52-444-834-2010 (C.B.-L.)
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Shrivastava AN, Triller A, Sieghart W. GABA(A) Receptors: Post-Synaptic Co-Localization and Cross-Talk with Other Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2011; 5:7. [PMID: 21734865 PMCID: PMC3123775 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2011.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system, and importantly contribute to the functional regulation of the nervous system. Several studies in the last few decades have convincingly shown that GABA can be co-localized with other neurotransmitters in the same synapse, and can be co-released with these neurotransmitters either from the same vesicles or from different vesicle pools. The co-released transmitters may act on post-synaptically co-localized receptors resulting in a simultaneous activation of both receptors. Most of the studies investigating such co-activation observed a reduced efficacy of GABA for activating GABAARs and thus, a reduced inhibition of the post-synaptic neuron. Similarly, in several cases activation of GABAARs has been reported to suppress the response of the associated receptors. Such a receptor cross-talk is either mediated via a direct coupling between the two receptors or via the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and is used for fine tuning of inhibition in the nervous system. Recently, it was demonstrated that a direct interaction of different receptors might already occur in intracellular compartments and might also be used to specifically target the receptors to the cell membrane. In this article, we provide an overview on such cross-talks between GABAARs and several other neurotransmitter receptors and briefly discuss their possible physiological and clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Nidhi Shrivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
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Bianchi MT, Botzolakis EJ. Targeting ligand-gated ion channels in neurology and psychiatry: is pharmacological promiscuity an obstacle or an opportunity? BMC Pharmacol 2010; 10:3. [PMID: 20196850 PMCID: PMC2838756 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional emphasis on developing high specificity pharmaceuticals ("magic bullets") for the treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric disorders is being challenged by emerging pathophysiology concepts that view disease states as abnormal interactions within complex networks of molecular and cellular components. So-called network pharmacology focuses on modifying the behavior of entire systems rather than individual components, a therapeutic strategy that would ideally employ single pharmacological agents capable of interacting with multiple targets ("magic shotguns"). For this approach to be successful, however, a framework for understanding pharmacological "promiscuity"--the ability of individual agents to modulate multiple molecular targets--is needed. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS Pharmacological promiscuity is more often the rule than the exception for drugs that target the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesize that promiscuity is an important contributor to clinical efficacy. Modulation patterns of existing therapeutic agents may provide critical templates for future drug discovery in Neurology and Psychiatry. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS To demonstrate the extent of pharmacological promiscuity and develop a framework for guiding drug screening, we reviewed the ability of 170 therapeutic agents and endogenous molecules to directly modulate neurotransmitter receptors, a class of historically attractive therapeutic targets in Neurology and Psychiatry. The results are summarized in the form of 1) receptor-centric maps that illustrate the degree of promiscuity for GABA-, glycine-, serotonin-, and acetylcholine-gated ion channels, and 2) drug-centric maps that illustrated how characterization of promiscuity can guide drug development. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS Developing promiscuity maps of approved neuro-pharmaceuticals will provide therapeutic class-based templates against which candidate compounds can be screened. Importantly, compounds previously rejected in traditional screens due to poor specificity could be reconsidered in this framework. Further testing will require high throughput assays to systematically characterize interactions between available CNS-active drugs and surface receptors, both ionotropic and metabotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt T Bianchi
- Neurology Department, Sleep Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Interactions between the anxiogenic effects of CB1 gene disruption and 5-HT3 neurotransmission. Behav Pharmacol 2009; 20:265-72. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32832c70b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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