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Shafiee A, Beiky M, Mohammadi I, Rajai S, Jafarabady K, Moradi S, Beikmohamadi M, Teixeira AL. Effect of smoking on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) blood levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:525-533. [PMID: 38199418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a crucial role in neuronal survival and plasticity. Previous studies have suggested that smoking may influence BDNF levels, but the findings have been inconsistent. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that investigated the relationship between smoking and blood levels of BDNF. A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall effect size. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between smoking and increased blood levels of BDNF (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.38, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.15 to 0.62, p = 0.002). Subgroup analyses based on BDNF source showed a significant increase in plasma-derived BDNF levels (SMD = 1.02, 95 % CI 0.50 to 1.53, p = 0.0001), while no significant difference was observed in serum-derived BDNF levels (SMD = 0.02, 95 % CI -0.19 to 0.22, p = 0.87). The pooled analysis revealed a non-significant difference in blood levels of BDNF between former smokers and non-smokers (random-effects model, SMD = 0.21, 95 % CI -0.04 to 0.46, p = 0.1). CONCLUSION Smokers exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of BDNF compared to non-smokers. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting BDNF in smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Maryam Beiky
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ida Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Rajai
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyana Jafarabady
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shayan Moradi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Beikmohamadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Borkar NA, Thompson MA, Bartman CM, Khalfaoui L, Sine S, Sathish V, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Nicotinic receptors in airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L149-L163. [PMID: 38084408 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With continued smoking of tobacco products and expanded use of nicotine delivery devices worldwide, understanding the impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory health remains a major global unmet need. Although multiple studies have shown a strong association between smoking and asthma, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic understanding of how elements in cigarette smoke impact the airway. Recognizing that nicotine is a major component in both smoking and vaping products, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which nicotine impacts airways and promotes lung diseases such as asthma. There is now increasing evidence that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are critical players in nicotine effects on airways, but the mechanisms by which α7nAChR influences different airway cell types have not been widely explored. In this review, we highlight and integrate the current state of knowledge regarding nicotine and α7nAChR in the context of asthma and identify potential approaches to alleviate the impact of smoking and vaping on the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Steven Sine
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Goldberg LR, Gould TJ. "Genetic influences impacting nicotine use and abuse during adolescence: insights from human and rodent studies". Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:24-38. [PMID: 35738503 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine use continues to be a major public health concern, with an alarming recent rise in electronic cigarette consumption. Heritability estimates of nicotine use and abuse range from 40-80%, providing strong evidence that genetic factors impact nicotine addiction-relevant phenotypes. Although nicotine use during adolescence is a key factor in the development of addiction, it remains unclear how genetic factors impact adolescent nicotine use and abuse. This review will discuss studies investigating genetic factors impacting nicotine use during adolescence. Evidence from both rodent and human studies will be summarized and integrated when possible. Human adolescent studies have largely included candidate gene studies for genes identified in adult populations, such as genes involved in nicotine metabolism, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling, dopaminergic signaling, and other neurotransmitter signaling systems. Alternatively, rodent studies have largely taken a discovery-based approach identifying strain differences in adolescent nicotine addiction-relevant behaviors. Here, we aim to answer the following three questions by integrating human and rodent findings: 1) Are there genetic variants that uniquely impact nicotine use during adolescence? 2) Are there genetic variants that impact both adolescent and adult nicotine use? and 3) Do genetic factors in adolescence significantly impact long-term consequences of adolescent nicotine use? Determining answers for these three questions will be critical for the development of preventative measures and treatments for adolescent nicotine use and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Goldberg
- Department of Biobehavioral Heatlh, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Heatlh, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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4
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Gill WD, Burgess KC, Vied C, Brown RW. Transgenerational evidence of increases in dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity in rodents: Impact on sensorimotor gating, the behavioral response to nicotine and BDNF. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1188-1203. [PMID: 34291671 PMCID: PMC9169618 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211033927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neonatal quinpirole (NQ) treatment to rats increases dopamine D2 (DAD2) receptor sensitivity in adult animals. We investigated if increased DAD2 sensitivity would be passed to the next (F1) generation, and if these animals demonstrated sensorimotor gating deficits and enhanced behavioral responses to nicotine. METHODS Male and female rats were intraperitoneal (IP) administered quinpirole (1 mg/kg) or saline (NS) from postnatal day (P)1-21. Animals were either behaviorally tested (F0) or raised to P60 and mated, creating F1 offspring. RESULTS Experiment 1 revealed that F1 generation animals that were the offspring of at least one NQ-treated founder increased yawning behavior, a DAD2-mediated behavioral event, in response to acute quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg). F1 generation rats also demonstrated increased striatal β arrestin-2 and decreased phospho-AKT signaling, consistent with increased G-protein independent DAD2 signaling, which was equal to F0 NQ-treated founders, although this was not observed in all groups. RNA-Seq analysis revealed significant gene expression changes in the F1 generation that were offspring of both NQ-treated founders compared to F0 NQ founders and controls, with enrichment in sensitivity to stress hormones and cell signaling pathways. In Experiment 2, all F1 generation offspring demonstrated sensorimotor gating deficits compared to controls, which were equivalent to F0 NQ-treated founders. In Experiment 3, all F1 generation animals demonstrated enhanced nicotine behavioral sensitization and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein. Further, F1 generation rats demonstrated enhanced adolescent nicotine conditioned place preference equivalent to NQ-treated founders conditioned with nicotine. CONCLUSIONS This represents the first demonstration of transgenerational effects of increased DAD2 sensitivity in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Drew Gill
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Katherine C Burgess
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia Vied
- Translational Science Laboratory, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Russell W Brown
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Interactions of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Regulation of Behaviors after Nicotine Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122943. [PMID: 31208140 PMCID: PMC6627482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine causes tobacco dependence, which may result in fatal respiratory diseases. The striatum is a key structure of forebrain basal nuclei associated with nicotine dependence. In the striatum, glutamate release is increased when α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in the glutamatergic terminals are exposed to nicotine, and over-stimulates glutamate receptors in gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. These receptor over-stimulations in turn potentiate GABAergic outputs to forebrain basal nuclei and contribute to the increase in psychomotor behaviors associated with nicotine dependence. In parallel with glutamate increases, nicotine exposure elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release through anterograde and retrograde targeting of the synapses of glutamatergic terminals and GABAergic neurons. This article reviews nicotine-exposure induced elevations of glutamatergic neurotransmission, the bidirectional targeting of BDNF in the striatum, and the potential regulatory role played by BDNF in behavioral responses to nicotine exposure.
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Thompson SL, Dulawa SC. Dissecting the roles of β-arrestin2 and GSK-3 signaling in 5-HT1BR-mediated perseverative behavior and prepulse inhibition deficits in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211239. [PMID: 30721232 PMCID: PMC6363181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin-1B receptors (5-HT1BRs) modulate perseverative behaviors and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in humans and mice. These inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptors signal through a canonical G-protein-coupled pathway that is modulated by GSK-3β, and a noncanonical pathway mediated by the adaptor protein β-arrestin2 (Arrb2). Given the development of biased ligands that differentially affect canonical versus noncanonical signaling, we examined which signaling pathway mediates 5-HT1BR agonist-induced locomotor perseveration and PPI deficits, behavioral phenotypes observed in both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To assess the role of canonical 5-HT1BR signaling, mice received acute pretreatment with a GSK-3 inhibitor (SB216763 or AR-A014418) and acute treatment with the 5-HT1A/1B receptor agonist RU24969 prior to assessing perseverative locomotor behavior in the open field, and PPI. To determine the role of noncanonical 5-HT1BR signaling, Arrb2 wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HT), and knockout (KO) mice received acute RU24969 treatment prior to behavioral testing. GSK-3 inhibition increased locomotor perseveration overall, and also failed to influence the RU24969-induced perseverative locomotor pattern in the open field. Yet, GSK-3 inhibition modestly reduced RU24969-induced PPI deficits. On the other hand, Arrb2 HT and KO mice showed reduced locomotion and no changes in perseveration overall, in addition to modest reductions in RU24969-induced locomotion and PPI deficits. In conclusion, our data do not support use of either GSK-3 inhibitors or β-arrestin2 inhibition in treatment of perseverative behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer L. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephanie C. Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Leino S, Kohtala S, Rantamäki T, Koski SK, Rannanpää S, Salminen O. Dyskinesia and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels after long-term levodopa and nicotinic receptor agonist treatments in female mice with near-total unilateral dopaminergic denervation. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:77. [PMID: 30497382 PMCID: PMC6267795 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of Parkinson's disease is often complicated by levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists can alleviate LID in animal models but may be less effective in conditions of severe dopaminergic denervation. While the mechanisms of LID remain incompletely understood, elevated corticostriatal levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been suggested to play a role. Here, female mice with near-total unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal lesions were chronically treated with levodopa, and the effects of the α7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist AZD0328 and nicotine on LID were assessed. At the end of the experiment, BDNF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex and striatum were measured. RESULTS Five-day treatments with three escalating doses of AZD0328 and a 10-week treatment with nicotine failed to alleviate LID. BDNF levels in the lesioned striatum correlated positively with LID severity, but no evidence was found for a levodopa-induced elevation of corticostriatal BDNF in the lesioned hemisphere. The nicotine treatment decreased BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex but had no effect on striatal BDNF. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that treatment of LID with nicotinic agonists may lose its effectiveness as the disease progresses, represent further evidence for a role for BDNF in LID, and expand previous knowledge on the effects of long-term nicotine treatment on BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Leino
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kohtala
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini K Koski
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Rannanpää
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Salminen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Balietti M, Giuli C, Conti F. Peripheral Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease: Are There Methodological Biases? Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6661-6672. [PMID: 29330839 PMCID: PMC6061178 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence that alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and signaling may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has suggested that its blood levels could be used as a biomarker of the disease. However, higher, lower, or unchanged circulating BDNF levels have all been described in AD patients compared to healthy controls. Although the reasons for such different findings are unclear, methodological issues are likely to be involved. The heterogeneity of participant recruitment criteria and the lack of control of variables that influence circulating BDNF levels regardless of dementia (depressive symptoms, medications, lifestyle, lack of overlap between serum and plasma, and experimental aspects) are likely to bias result and prevent study comparability. The present work reviews a broad panel of factors, whose close control could help reduce the inconsistency of study findings, and offers practical advice on their management. Research directed at elucidating the weight of each of these variables and at standardizing analytical methodologies is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giuli
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, INRCA, Fermo, 63023, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60126, Italy
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Naha N, Gandhi DN, Gautam AK, Prakash JR. Nicotine and cigarette smoke modulate Nrf2-BDNF-dopaminergic signal and neurobehavioral disorders in adult rat cerebral cortex . Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:540-556. [PMID: 28641491 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117698543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine and cigarette smoking (CS) are associated with addiction behavior, drug-seeking, and abuse. However, the mechanisms that mediate this association especially, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dopamine (DA), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling in the cerebral cortex, are not fully known. Therefore, we hypothesized that overexpression of BDNF and DA, and suppression of Nrf2 contribute to several pathological and behavioral alterations in adult cerebral cortex. Methodology/Principal Observations: We treated Wistar rats with different doses of oral nicotine and passive CS for 4-week (short-term) and 12-week (long-term) duration, where doses closely mimic the human smoking scenario. Our result showed dose-dependent association of anxiogenic and depressive behavior, and cognitive interference with neurodegeneration and DNA damage in the cerebral cortex upon exposure to nicotine/CS as compared to the control. Further, the results are linked to upregulation of oxidative stress, overexpression of BDNF, DA, and DA marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), with concomitant downregulation of ascorbate and Nrf2 expression in the exposed cerebral cortex when compared with the control. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our data strongly suggest that the intervention of DA and BDNF, and depletion of antioxidants are important factors during nicotine/CS-induced cerebral cortex pathological changes leading to neurobehavioral impairments, which could underpin the novel therapeutic approaches targeted at tobacco smoking/nicotine's neuropsychological disorders including cognition and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D N Gandhi
- DN Gandhi: Former scientist & Head, NBT Div., ICMR-NIOH
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Epigenetic mechanisms associated with addiction-related behavioural effects of nicotine and/or cocaine: implication of the endocannabinoid system. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:493-511. [PMID: 28704272 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The addictive use of nicotine (NC) and cocaine (COC) continues to be a major public health problem, and their combined use has been reported, particularly during adolescence. In neural plasticity, commonly induced by NC and COC, as well as behavioural plasticity related to the use of these two drugs, the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, in which the reversible regulation of gene expression occurs independently of the DNA sequence, has recently been reported. Furthermore, on the basis of intense interactions with the target neurotransmitter systems, the endocannabinoid (ECB) system has been considered pivotal for eliciting the effects of NC or COC. The combined use of marijuana with NC and/or COC has also been reported. This article presents the addiction-related behavioural effects of NC and/or COC, based on the common behavioural/neural plasticity and combined use of NC/COC, and reviews the interacting role of the ECB system. The epigenetic processes inseparable from the effects of NC and/or COC (i.e. DNA methylation, histone modifications and alterations in microRNAs) and the putative therapeutic involvement of the ECB system at the epigenetic level are also discussed.
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Porter-Stransky KA, Weinshenker D. Arresting the Development of Addiction: The Role of β-Arrestin 2 in Drug Abuse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:341-348. [PMID: 28302862 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein β-arrestin (βarr) 2 directly interacts with receptors and signaling pathways that mediate the behavioral effects of drugs of abuse, making it a prime candidate for therapeutic interventions. βarr2 drives desensitization and internalization of G protein-coupled receptors, including dopamine, opioid, and cannabinoid receptors, and it can also trigger G protein-independent intracellular signaling. βarr2 mediates several drug-induced behaviors, but the relationship is complex and dependent on the type of behavior (e.g., psychomotor versus reward), the class of drug (e.g., psychostimulant versus opioid), and the circuit being interrogated (e.g., brain region, cell type, and specific receptor ligand). Here we discuss the current state of research concerning the contribution of βarr2 to the psychomotor and rewarding effects of addictive drugs. Next we identify key knowledge gaps and suggest new tools and approaches needed to further elucidate the neuroanatomical substrates and neurobiological mechanisms to explain how βarr2 modulates behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T, Yoshida D, Tsutsumimoto K, Anan Y, Uemura K, Lee S, Park H, Suzuki T. A large, cross-sectional observational study of serum BDNF, cognitive function, and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:69. [PMID: 24782766 PMCID: PMC3995061 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The clinical relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between serum BDNF and cognitive function and MCI, and determine whether serum BDNF level might be a useful biomarker for assessing risk for MCI in older people. Materials and Methods: A total of 4463 individuals aged 65 years or older (mean age 72 years) participating in the study. We measured performance in a battery of neuropsychological and cognitive function tests; serum BDNF concentration. Results: Eight hundred twenty-seven participants (18.8%) had MCI. After adjustment for sex, age, education level, diabetes, and current smoking, serum BDNF was associated with poorer performance in the story memory, and digit symbol substitution task scores. Serum BDNF was marginally associated with the presence of MCI (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.41, 1.00–1.99) when BDNF was 1.5 SD lower than the mean value standardized for sex and age, education level, diabetes, and current smoking. Conclusion: Low serum BDNF was associated with lower cognitive test scores and MCI. Future prospective studies should establish the discriminative value of serum BDNF for the risk of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshida
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Yuya Anan
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemura
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Obu , Japan
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Leão RM, Cruz FC, Carneiro-de-Oliveira PE, Rossetto DB, Valentini SR, Zanelli CF, Planeta CS. Enhanced nicotine-seeking behavior following pre-exposure to repeated cocaine is accompanied by changes in BDNF in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 104:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Harrod SB, Lacy RT, Zhu J, Hughes BA, Perna MK, Brown RW. Gestational IV nicotine produces elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system of adolescent rat offspring. Synapse 2012; 65:1382-92. [PMID: 21990022 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with enduring psychopathology, such as increased likelihood of substance use, in offspring. Various animal models demonstrate that continuous nicotine exposure produces teratogenic effects in offspring, as well. In this experiment, a novel intravenous (IV) exposure model was used to determine if gestational nicotine (GN) treatment produced alterations in methamphetamine-induced sensitization and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system of adolescent offspring. Dams were injected with IV saline or nicotine (0.05 mg/kg/injection) three times per day on gestational days 8-21. Habituation was measured on postnatal day (PND) 25-27 and baseline activity on PND 28. On PND 29-35, offspring were injected with saline or methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) and locomotor activity was measured after the first and seventh injections. On PND 36, brains were removed, flash frozen, and BDNF protein levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), dorsal striatum (Str), frontal cortex (FC), and hippocampus (Hipp) were analyzed. GN did not affect habituation or the induction of methamphetamine-induced sensitization. Interestingly, GN, but not adolescent methamphetamine treatment, elevated levels of BDNF in the NAcc and Str; however, the GN-induced increase in BDNF in the FC was attenuated by adolescent methamphetamine treatment. Both GN and adolescent methamphetamine treatment increased BDNF in the Hipp. These findings indicate that GN exposure will result in increased levels of BDNF protein throughout the mesocorticolimbic DA system during adolescent development and suggests that methamphetamine abuse will modulate the expression of BDNF in motivational circuitries of adolescent offspring exposed to GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Harrod
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Kivinummi T, Kaste K, Rantamäki T, Castrén E, Ahtee L. Alterations in BDNF and phospho-CREB levels following chronic oral nicotine treatment and its withdrawal in dopaminergic brain areas of mice. Neurosci Lett 2011; 491:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Whalen EJ, Rajagopal S, Lefkowitz RJ. Therapeutic potential of β-arrestin- and G protein-biased agonists. Trends Mol Med 2010; 17:126-39. [PMID: 21183406 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Members of the seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR), or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), superfamily represent some of the most successful targets of modern drug therapy, with proven efficacy in the treatment of a broad range of human conditions and disease processes. It is now appreciated that β-arrestins, once viewed simply as negative regulators of traditional 7TMR-stimulated G protein signaling, act as multifunctional adapter proteins that regulate 7TMR desensitization and trafficking and promote distinct intracellular signals in their own right. Moreover, several 7TMR biased agonists, which selectively activate these divergent signaling pathways, have been identified. Here we highlight the diversity of G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated functions and the therapeutic potential of selective targeting of these in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Whalen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Berrendero F, Robledo P, Trigo JM, Martín-García E, Maldonado R. Neurobiological mechanisms involved in nicotine dependence and reward: participation of the endogenous opioid system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 35:220-31. [PMID: 20170672 PMCID: PMC2908214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the primary component of tobacco that maintains the smoking habit and develops addiction. The adaptive changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors produced by repeated exposure to nicotine play a crucial role in the establishment of dependence. However, other neurochemical systems also participate in the addictive effects of nicotine including glutamate, cannabinoids, GABA and opioids. This review will cover the involvement of these neurotransmitters in nicotine addictive properties, with a special emphasis on the endogenous opioid system. Thus, endogenous enkephalins and beta-endorphins acting on mu-opioid receptors are involved in nicotine-rewarding effects, whereas opioid peptides derived from prodynorphin participate in nicotine aversive responses. An up-regulation of mu-opioid receptors has been reported after chronic nicotine treatment that could counteract the development of nicotine tolerance, whereas the down-regulation induced on kappa-opioid receptors seems to facilitate nicotine tolerance. Endogenous enkephalins acting on mu-opioid receptors also play a role in the development of physical dependence to nicotine. In agreement with these actions of the endogenous opioid system, the opioid antagonist naltrexone has shown to be effective for smoking cessation in certain sub-populations of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Berrendero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Trigo
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang XY, Xiu MH, Chen DC, Yang FD, Wu GY, Lu L, Kosten TA, Kosten TR. Nicotine dependence and serum BDNF levels in male patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 212:301-7. [PMID: 20661552 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is associated with a significantly high prevalence of smoking. Upregulation of neurotrophins by nicotine is well established. Accumulating evidence shows that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purposes of this study were to compare BDNF levels in smokers to nonsmokers with schizophrenia and examine the association between BDNF levels and psychopathological symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum BDNF levels were measured in 139 male inpatients with DSM-IV schizophrenia: 102 smokers and 37 nonsmokers. Symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS The positive PANSS symptoms were lower in smokers than in nonsmokers, while the negative symptoms were lower in those who smoked more cigarettes. BDNF levels were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Higher BDNF levels correlated with fewer negative symptoms and with smoking more cigarettes. CONCLUSION The fewer positive symptoms in smokers and fewer negative symptoms in those who smoked more cigarettes may be associated with nicotine-induced upregulation of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang Zhang
- Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China.
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