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Wu L, Chan ST, Edmiston WJ, Jin G, Levy ES, Kwong KK, Mannix R, Meehan WP, Chifamba FF, Lipton JO, Whalen MJ, Chen YCI. Persistent CO 2 reactivity deficits are associated with neurological dysfunction up to one year after repetitive mild closed head injury in adolescent mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3260-3272. [PMID: 34229511 PMCID: PMC8669283 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211021771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) deficits in adolescents with concussion may persist after resolution of neurological symptoms. Whether or not CVR deficits predict long term neurological function is unknown. We used adolescent mice closed head injury (CHI) models (54 g, 107 cm or 117 cm drop height), followed by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)-functional MRI with CO2 challenge to assess CVR and brain connectivity. At one week, 3HD 107 cm mice showed delayed BOLD responses (p = 0.0074), normal striatal connectivity, and an impaired respiratory rate response to CO2 challenge (p = 0.0061 in ΔRmax). The 107 cm group developed rotarod deficits at 6 months (p = 0.02) and altered post-CO2 brain connectivity (3-fold increase in striatum to motor cortex correlation coefficient) by one year, but resolved their CVR and respiratory rate impairments, and did not develop cognitive or circadian activity deficits. In contrast, the 117 cm group had persistent CVR (delay time: p = 0.016; washout time: p = 0.039) and circadian activity deficits (free-running period: 23.7 hr in sham vs 23.9 hr in 3HD; amplitude: 0.15 in sham vs 0.2 in 3HD; peak activity: 18 in sham vs 21 in 3HD) at one year. Persistent CVR deficits after concussion may portend long-term neurological dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to determine the utility of CVR to predict chronic neurological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suk-Tak Chan
- Department of Radiology, A. Martino's Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - William J Edmiston
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily S Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth K Kwong
- Department of Radiology, A. Martino's Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fortunate F Chifamba
- Department of Neurology, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan O Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin-Ching I Chen
- Department of Radiology, A. Martino's Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Lee MY, Lee BH, Kim HY, Yang CH. Bidirectional role of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:382-97. [PMID: 33839169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder, affecting people from all walks of life. Studies of acupuncture effects on drug addiction are intriguing in light of the fact that acupuncture can be used as a convenient therapeutic intervention for treating drug addiction by direct activation of brain pathway. The current review aims to discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture's effectiveness in the treatment of drug addiction, on the basis of two different theories (the incentive sensitization theory and the opponent process theory) that have seemingly opposite view on the role of the mesolimbic reward pathways in mediating compulsive drug-seeking behavior. This review provides evidence that acupuncture may reduce relapse to drug-seeking behavior by regulating neurotransmitters involved in drug craving modulation via somatosensory afferent mechanisms. Also, acupuncture normalizes hyper-reactivity or hypoactivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system in these opposed processes in drug addiction, suggesting bidirectional role of acupuncture in regulation of drug addiction. This proposes that acupuncture may reduce drug craving by correcting both dysfunctions of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.
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Itami N, Shiratsuki S, Shirasuna K, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. Mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation are induced by CCCP treatment of porcine oocytes. Reproduction 2015; 150:97-104. [PMID: 25995440 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial quality control system in porcine oocytes during meiotic maturation. Cumulus cell oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from gilt ovaries were treated with 10 μM carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP; a mitochondrial uncoupler) for 2 h. The CCCP treatment was found to significantly reduce ATP content, increase the amount of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and elevate reactive oxygen species levels in oocytes. When the CCCP-treated COCs were cultured further for 44 h in maturation medium, the ATP levels were restored and the parthenogenetic developmental rate of oocytes to the blastocyst stage was comparable with that of untreated COCs. To examine the effects of CCCP treatment of oocytes on the kinetics of mitochondrial DNA copy number (Mt number), COCs treated with 0 or 10 μM CCCP were cultured for 44 h, after which the Mt number was determined by RT-PCR. CCCP treatment was found to increase the Mt number in the modified maturation medium in which mitochondrial degradation was inhibited by MG132, whereas CCCP treatment did not affect the Mt number in the maturation medium lacking MG132. The relative gene expression of TFAM was furthermore shown to be significantly higher in CCCP-treated oocytes than in untreated oocytes. Taken together, the finding presented here suggest that when the mitochondria are injured, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation are induced, and that these processes may contribute to the recuperation of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Itami
- Department of Animal ReproductionTokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - S Shiratsuki
- Department of Animal ReproductionTokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - K Shirasuna
- Department of Animal ReproductionTokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - T Kuwayama
- Department of Animal ReproductionTokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - H Iwata
- Department of Animal ReproductionTokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
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