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Wittstock G, Bäumer M, Dononelli W, Klüner T, Lührs L, Mahr C, Moskaleva LV, Oezaslan M, Risse T, Rosenauer A, Staubitz A, Weissmüller J, Wittstock A. Nanoporous Gold: From Structure Evolution to Functional Properties in Catalysis and Electrochemistry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6716-6792. [PMID: 37133401 PMCID: PMC10214458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous gold (NPG) is characterized by a bicontinuous network of nanometer-sized metallic struts and interconnected pores formed spontaneously by oxidative dissolution of the less noble element from gold alloys. The resulting material exhibits decent catalytic activity for low-temperature, aerobic total as well as partial oxidation reactions, the oxidative coupling of methanol to methyl formate being the prototypical example. This review not only provides a critical discussion of ways to tune the morphology and composition of this material and its implication for catalysis and electrocatalysis, but will also exemplarily review the current mechanistic understanding of the partial oxidation of methanol using information from quantum chemical studies, model studies on single-crystal surfaces, gas phase catalysis, aerobic liquid phase oxidation, and electrocatalysis. In this respect, a particular focus will be on mechanistic aspects not well understood, yet. Apart from the mechanistic aspects of catalysis, best practice examples with respect to material preparation and characterization will be discussed. These can improve the reproducibility of the materials property such as the catalytic activity and selectivity as well as the scope of reactions being identified as the main challenges for a broader application of NPG in target-oriented organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Wittstock
- Carl
von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Bäumer
- University
of Bremen, Institute for Applied
and Physical Chemistry, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University
of Bremen, MAPEX Center for
Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wilke Dononelli
- University
of Bremen, MAPEX Center for
Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University
of Bremen, Bremen Center for
Computational Materials Science, Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Carl
von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Lührs
- Hamburg
University of Technology, Institute of Materials
Physics and Technology, 21703 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mahr
- University
of Bremen, MAPEX Center for
Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University
of Bremen, Institute of Solid
State Physics, Otto Hahn
Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lyudmila V. Moskaleva
- University
of the Free State, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Technical
University of Braunschweig Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Franz-Liszt-Strasse 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Risse
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Arnimallee
22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- University
of Bremen, MAPEX Center for
Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University
of Bremen, Institute of Solid
State Physics, Otto Hahn
Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- University
of Bremen, MAPEX Center for
Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University
of Bremen, Institute for Organic
and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Strasse 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörg Weissmüller
- Hamburg
University of Technology, Institute of Materials
Physics and Technology, 21703 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Hereon, Institute of Materials Mechanics, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- University
of Bremen, MAPEX Center for
Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University
of Bremen, Institute for Organic
and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Strasse 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Cost-Effective Nanoporous Gold Obtained by Dealloying Metastable Precursor, Au33Fe67, Reveals Excellent Methanol Electro-Oxidation Performance. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report nanoporous gold (NPG) as an economic, efficient, and stable alternative electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation. The said sample was successfully prepared from an Fe-rich metastable Au33Fe67 supersaturated solid solution acting as the precursor, which was formed into ribbons by the phenomenon of rapid solidification using melt-spinning technique. The as-quenched ribbon was then chemically dealloyed in 1 M HCl at 70 °C for different durations of time. A homogeneous, free-standing, and mechanically stable NPG sample was obtained with tunable ligament shape and size. The morphology and composition were characterized by using SEM with EDS, while the structure by XRD. The sample was examined as an electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation profiting off its large surface area; cyclic voltammetry (CV) was the technique employed for electrochemical studies. In a basic solution of methanol and KOH, the sample displays a low peak potential of 0.47 V vs. Ag/AgCl for methanol electro-oxidation with a high peak current density of 0.43 mA/cm2. In addition, it demonstrates outstanding stability and high poisoning tolerance. It is noteworthy that the fabrication process of the NPG sample from start to end was intentionally opted to be sustainable, cost-effective, rapid, and feasible. The usage of critical raw materials was avoided. As a whole, the properties and results put forth by the NPG sample make it an inexpensive, sustainable, and excellent alternative as an electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation.
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Wang Y, Yu M, Li J, Zhang T, Wang X, Hao M, Wang X, Cheng L, Sun H. Mass transfer analysis of Boron-doped Carbon Nanotubes Cathode for Dual-electrolyte Lithium-air Batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5604-5609. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-electrolyte Li-air batteries (LABs) have the advantages of high specific energy density and low overpotential, but the mass transfer mechanism is still unclear. Its mass transfer is essential to battery...
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