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Kobayashi M, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Oishi N, Aoki S, Watanabe M, Yoshikawa Y, Akiyama Y, Yamagata T, Osaka H. Synthetic aporphine alkaloids are potential therapeutics for Leigh syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11561. [PMID: 38773300 PMCID: PMC11109252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are mainly caused by dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and have a variety of genetic variants or phenotypes. There are only a few approved treatments, and fundamental therapies are yet to be developed. Leigh syndrome (LS) is the most severe type of progressive encephalopathy. We previously reported that apomorphine, an anti- "off" agent for Parkinson's disease, has cell-protective activity in patient-derived skin fibroblasts in addition to strong dopamine agonist effect. We obtained 26 apomorphine analogs, synthesized 20 apomorphine derivatives, and determined their anti-cell death effect, dopamine agonist activity, and effects on the mitochondrial function. We found three novel apomorphine derivatives with an active hydroxy group at position 11 of the aporphine framework, with a high anti-cell death effect without emetic dopamine agonist activity. These synthetic aporphine alkaloids are potent therapeutics for mitochondrial diseases without emetic side effects and have the potential to overcome the low bioavailability of apomorphine. Moreover, they have high anti-ferroptotic activity and therefore have potential as a therapeutic agent for diseases related to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Eriko F Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Natsumi Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shiho Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshikawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Middle-Molecule IT-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory (MIDL), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akiyama
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Middle-Molecule IT-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory (MIDL), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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Sun J, Zhan X, Wang W, Yang X, Liu Y, Yang H, Deng J, Yang H. Natural aporphine alkaloids: A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, anticancer activities, and clinical application. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00326-0. [PMID: 37935346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the most common cause of death and is still a serious public health problem. Alkaloids, a class of bioactive compounds widely diffused in plants, especially Chinese herbs, are used as functional ingredients, precursors, and lead compounds in food and clinical applications. Among them, aporphine alkaloids (AAs), as an important class of isoquinoline alkaloids, exert a strong anticancer effect on multiple cancer types. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively summarize the phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of seven subtypes of AAs and their derivatives from various plants and highlight their anticancer bioactivities and mechanisms of action. Key Scientific Concepts of Review. The chemical structures and botanical diversity of AAs are elucidated, and promising results are highlighted regarding the potent anticancer activities of AAs and their derivatives, contributing to their pharmacological benefits. This work provides a better understanding of AAs and combinational anticancer therapies involving them, thereby improving the development of functional food containing plant-derived AA and the clinical application of AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingtian Zhan
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huanzhi Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Zhu R, Jiang G, Tang W, Zhao X, Chen F, Zhang X, Ye N. Aporphines: A privileged scaffold in CNS drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115414. [PMID: 37172474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids embedded in 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline four-ring structures belong to one of the largest subclasses of isoquinoline alkaloids. Aporphine is a privileged scaffold in the field of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry for the discovery of new therapeutic agents for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases. In the past few decades, aporphine has attracted continuing interest to be widely used to develop selective or multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) targeting the CNS (e.g., dopamine D1/2/5, serotonin 5-HT1A/2A/2C and 5-HT7, adrenergic α/β receptors, and cholinesterase enzymes), thereby serving as valuable pharmacological probes for mechanism studies or as potential leads for CNS drug discovery. The aims of the present review are to highlight the diverse CNS activities of aporphines, discuss their SAR, and briefly summarize general synthetic routes, which will pave the way for the design and development of new aporphine derivatives as promising CNS active drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guangqian Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wanyu Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaobao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Na Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Silva TRC, Souza VV, Raminelli C. Synthesis of Isoquinolines via the [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Oxazoles and Arynes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris R. C. Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 Diadema SP 09972-270 Brazil
| | - Vinícius V. Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 Diadema SP 09972-270 Brazil
| | - Cristiano Raminelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275 Diadema SP 09972-270 Brazil
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