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Shah SSA, Sohail M, Murtza G, Waseem A, Rehman AU, Hussain I, Bashir MS, Alarfaji SS, Hassan AM, Nazir MA, Javed MS, Najam T. Recent trends in wastewater treatment by using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites: A critical view-point. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140729. [PMID: 37989439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Respecting the basic need of clean and safe water on earth for every individual, it is necessary to take auspicious steps for waste-water treatment. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising material because of their intrinsic features including the porosity and high surface area. Further, structural tunability of MOFs by following the principles of reticular chemistry, the MOFs can be functionalized for the high adsorption performance as well as adsorptive removal of target materials. However, there are still some major concerns associated with MOFs limiting their commercialization as promising adsorbents for waste-water treatment. The cost, toxicity and regenerability are the major issues to be addressed for MOFs to get insightful results. In this article, we have concise the current strategies to enhance the adsorption capacity of MOFs during the water-treatment for the removal of toxic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals. Further, we have also discussed the role of metallic nodes, linkers and associated functional groups for effective removal of toxic water pollutants. In addition to conformist overview, we have critically analyzed the MOFs as adsorbents in terms of toxicity, cost and regenerability. These factors are utmost important to address before commercialization of MOFs as adsorbents for water-treatment. Finally, some future perspectives are discussed to give directions for potential research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtza
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Saleh S Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Altaf Nazir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Tayyaba Najam
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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Saeed M, Marwani HM, Shahzad U, Asiri AM, Rahman MM. Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of ZnO Nanostructure Materials Towards Energy Applications. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300106. [PMID: 37249417 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this approach, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multipurpose substance with remarkable characteristics such as high sensitivity, a large specific area, non-toxicity, excellent compatibility, and a high isoelectric point, which make it attractive for discussion with some limitations. It is the most favorable possible option for the collection of nanostructures in terms of structure and their characteristics. The development of numerous ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors used in health diagnosis, pharmaceutical evaluation, food hygiene, and contamination of the environment monitoring is described, as well as the production of ZnO nanostructures. Nanostructured ZnO has good chemical and temperature durability as an n-type semiconducting material, making it useful in a wide range of uses, from luminous materials to supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, medicinal devices, and more. When compared to the bulk materials, the nanosized materials have both a higher rate of disintegration and a higher solubility. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles are regarded as top contenders for electrochemical sensors due to their strong electrochemical behaviors and electron transmission characteristics. The impact of many factors, including selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, strength, and structures, arrangements, and their respective functioning processes, has been investigated. This study concentrated a substantial amount of its attention on the recent advancements that have been made in ZnO-based nanoparticles, composites, and modified materials for use in the application areas of energy storage and conversion devices as well as biological applications. Supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, medicinal, and biological systems have been studied. ZnO-based materials are constantly analyzed for their advantages in energy and life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Saeed
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umer Shahzad
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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