Dong S, Feng G. A Comprehensive Review of Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Phenolics to Aromatics.
Molecules 2025;
30:2225. [PMID:
40430397 PMCID:
PMC12114535 DOI:
10.3390/molecules30102225]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Single-ring aromatic compounds including BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) serve as essential building blocks for high-performance fuels and specialty chemicals, with extensive applications spanning polymer synthesis, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and aviation fuel formulation. Current industrial production predominantly relies on non-renewable petrochemical feedstocks, posing the dual challenges of resource depletion and environmental sustainability. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived phenolic substrates emerges as a technologically viable pathway for sustainable aromatic hydrocarbon synthesis, offering critical opportunities for lignin valorization and biorefinery advancement. This article reviews the relevant research on the conversion of lignin-derived phenolic compounds' HDO to benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons, systematically categorizing and summarizing the different types of catalysts and their reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose a strategic framework addressing current technical bottlenecks, highlighting the necessity for the synergistic development of robust heterogeneous catalysts with tailored active sites and energy-efficient process engineering to achieve scalable biomass conversion systems.
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