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Szwed-Georgiou A, Płociński P, Kupikowska-Stobba B, Urbaniak MM, Rusek-Wala P, Szustakiewicz K, Piszko P, Krupa A, Biernat M, Gazińska M, Kasprzak M, Nawrotek K, Mira NP, Rudnicka K. Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5222-5254. [PMID: 37585562 PMCID: PMC10498424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paweł Piszko
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty
of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
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2
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Gene Therapy for Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030856. [PMID: 36986717 PMCID: PMC10057434 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biological methods over the past decade has stimulated great interest in the possibility to regenerate human tissues. Advances in stem cell research, gene therapy, and tissue engineering have accelerated the technology in tissue and organ regeneration. However, despite significant progress in this area, there are still several technical issues that must be addressed, especially in the clinical use of gene therapy. The aims of gene therapy include utilising cells to produce a suitable protein, silencing over-producing proteins, and genetically modifying and repairing cell functions that may affect disease conditions. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on cell- and viral-mediated approaches, non-viral gene transfection agents are emerging as potentially safe and effective in the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Gene therapy based on viral vectors may induce pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Therefore, significant efforts are being invested in non-viral vectors to enhance their efficiency to a level comparable to the viral vector. Non-viral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene encoding, a therapeutic protein, and synthetic gene delivery systems. One possible approach to enhance non-viral vector ability or to be an alternative to viral vectors would be to use tissue engineering technology for regenerative medicine therapy. This review provides a critical view of gene therapy with a major focus on the development of regenerative medicine technologies to control the in vivo location and function of administered genes.
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3
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Delivery Systems for Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020572. [PMID: 36839894 PMCID: PMC9964608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cellular organelles of high relevance responsible for the chemical energy production used in most of the biochemical reactions of cells. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Inherited solely from the mother, this genome is quite susceptible to mutations, mainly due to the absence of an effective repair system. Mutations in mtDNA are associated with endocrine, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Currently, therapeutic approaches are based on the administration of a set of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from mitochondrial pathologies. Mitochondrial gene therapy emerges as a promising strategy as it deeply focuses on the cause of mitochondrial disorder. The development of suitable mtDNA-based delivery systems to target and transfect mammalian mitochondria represents an exciting field of research, leading to progress in the challenging task of restoring mitochondria's normal function. This review gathers relevant knowledge on the composition, targeting performance, or release profile of such nanosystems, offering researchers valuable conceptual approaches to follow in their quest for the most suitable vectors to turn mitochondrial gene therapy clinically feasible. Future studies should consider the optimization of mitochondrial genes' encapsulation, targeting ability, and transfection to mitochondria. Expectedly, this effort will bring bright results, contributing to important hallmarks in mitochondrial gene therapy.
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4
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Ranjbarnejad F, Khazaei M, Shahryari A, Khazaei F, Rezakhani L. Recent advances in gene therapy for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1121-1137. [PMID: 36382408 DOI: 10.1002/term.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autografting, a major treatment for bone fractures, has potential risks related to the required surgery and disease transmission. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most common osteogenic factors used for bone-healing applications. However, BMP delivery can have shortcomings such as a short half-life and the high cost of manufacturing the recombinant proteins. Gene delivery methods have demonstrated promising alternative strategies for producing BMPs or other osteogenic factors using engineered cells. These approaches can also enable temporal overexpression and local production of the therapeutic genes in the target tissues. This review addresses recent progress on engineered viral, non-viral, and RNA-mediated gene delivery systems that are being used for bone repair and regeneration. Advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome engineering for bone tissue regeneration also is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ranjbarnejad
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahryari
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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5
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Tang X, Zhao M, Li W, Zhao J. Nanoscale Contrast Agents for Ultrasound Imaging of Musculoskeletal System. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2582. [PMID: 36359426 PMCID: PMC9689263 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) has been recognized as an important method for the evaluation of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) technology is becoming an important branch of it. The development of novel materials and tiny nano-formulations has further expanded ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) into the field of nanotechnology. Over the years, nanoscale contrast agents have been found to play an unexpected role in the integration of precise imaging for diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. It has been demonstrated that nanoscale UCAs (nUCAs) have advantages in imaging over conventional contrast agents, including superior biocompatibility, serum stability, and longer lifetime. The potential value of nUCAs in the musculoskeletal system is that they provide more reliable and clinically valuable guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of related diseases. The frontier of advances in nUCAs, their applications, and insights in MSKUS are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mengxin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, Department of Nanomedicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, Department of Nanomedicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200003, China
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6
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Applications of Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Delivery in Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050190. [PMID: 35621468 PMCID: PMC9137703 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the capability of non-viral gene delivery systems to induce tissue regeneration is a continued effort as the current use of viral vectors can present with significant limitations. Despite initially showing lower gene transfection and gene expression efficiencies, non-viral delivery methods continue to be optimized to match that of their viral counterparts. Ultrasound-mediated gene transfer, referred to as sonoporation, occurs by the induction of transient membrane permeabilization and has been found to significantly increase the uptake and expression of DNA in cells across many organ systems. In addition, it offers a more favorable safety profile compared to other non-viral delivery methods. Studies have shown that microbubble-enhanced sonoporation can elicit significant tissue regeneration in both ectopic and disease models, including bone and vascular tissue regeneration. Despite this, no clinical trials on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration have been conducted, although current clinical trials using sonoporation for other indications suggest that the method is safe for use in the clinical setting. In this review, we describe the pre-clinical studies conducted thus far on the use of sonoporation for tissue regeneration. Further, the various techniques used to increase the effectiveness and duration of sonoporation-induced gene transfer, as well as the obstacles that may be currently hindering clinical translation, are explored.
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7
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Rapid Magneto-Sonoporation of Adipose-Derived Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174877. [PMID: 34500968 PMCID: PMC8432646 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
By permeabilizing the cell membrane with ultrasound and facilitating the uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles, the magneto-sonoporation (MSP) technique can be used to instantaneously label transplantable cells (like stem cells) to be visualized via magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. However, the effects of MSP on cells are still largely unexplored. Here, we applied MSP to the widely applicable adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for the first time and investigated its effects on the biology of those cells. Upon optimization, MSP allowed us to achieve a consistent nanoparticle uptake (in the range of 10 pg/cell) and a complete membrane resealing in few minutes. Surprisingly, this treatment altered the metabolic activity of cells and induced their differentiation towards an osteoblastic profile, as demonstrated by an increased expression of osteogenic genes and morphological changes. Histological evidence of osteogenic tissue development was collected also in 3D hydrogel constructs. These results point to a novel role of MSP in remote biophysical stimulation of cells with focus application in bone tissue repair.
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8
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Laird NZ, Acri TM, Tingle K, Salem AK. Gene- and RNAi-activated scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Current progress and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:613-627. [PMID: 34015421 PMCID: PMC8217358 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Large bone defects are usually managed by replacing lost bone with non-biological prostheses or with bone grafts that come from the patient or a donor. Bone tissue engineering, as a field, offers the potential to regenerate bone within these large defects without the need for grafts or prosthetics. Such therapies could provide improved long- and short-term outcomes in patients with critical-sized bone defects. Bone tissue engineering has long relied on the administration of growth factors in protein form to stimulate bone regeneration, though clinical applications have shown that using such proteins as therapeutics can lead to concerning off-target effects due to the large amounts required for prolonged therapeutic action. Gene-based therapies offer an alternative to protein-based therapeutics where the genetic material encoding the desired protein is used and thus loading large doses of protein into the scaffolds is avoided. Gene- and RNAi-activated scaffolds are tissue engineering devices loaded with nucleic acids aimed at promoting local tissue repair. A variety of different approaches to formulating gene- and RNAi-activated scaffolds for bone tissue engineering have been explored, and include the activation of scaffolds with plasmid DNA, viruses, RNA transcripts, or interfering RNAs. This review will discuss recent progress in the field of bone tissue engineering, with specific focus on the different approaches employed by researchers to implement gene-activated scaffolds as a means of facilitating bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Z Laird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy M Acri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelsie Tingle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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9
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Wilkinson P, Bozo IY, Braxton T, Just P, Jones E, Deev RV, Giannoudis PV, Feichtinger GA. Systematic Review of the Preclinical Technology Readiness of Orthopedic Gene Therapy and Outlook for Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:626315. [PMID: 33816447 PMCID: PMC8011540 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.626315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects and improper healing of fractures are an increasing public health burden, and there is an unmet clinical need in their successful repair. Gene therapy has been proposed as a possible approach to improve or augment bone healing with the potential to provide true functional regeneration. While large numbers of studies have been performed in vitro or in vivo in small animal models that support the use of gene therapy for bone repair, these systems do not recapitulate several key features of a critical or complex fracture environment. Larger animal models are therefore a key step on the path to clinical translation of the technology. Herein, the current state of orthopedic gene therapy research in preclinical large animal models was investigated based on performed large animal studies. A summary and an outlook regarding current clinical studies in this sector are provided. It was found that the results found in the current research literature were generally positive but highly methodologically inconsistent, rendering a comparison difficult. Additionally, factors vital for translation have not been thoroughly addressed in these model systems, and the risk of bias was high in all reviewed publications. These limitations directly impact clinical translation of gene therapeutic approaches due to lack of comparability, inability to demonstrate non-inferiority or equivalence compared with current clinical standards, and lack of safety data. This review therefore aims to provide a current overview of ongoing preclinical and clinical work, potential bottlenecks in preclinical studies and for translation, and recommendations to overcome these to enable future deployment of this promising technology to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers Wilkinson
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,CDT Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ilya Y Bozo
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Braxton
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,CDT Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Just
- Into Numbers Data Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Georg A Feichtinger
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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10
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Pepelanova I. Tunable Hydrogels: Introduction to the World of Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 178:1-35. [PMID: 33903929 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrated polymers that are able to mimic many of the properties of living tissues. For this reason, they have become a popular choice of biomaterial in many biomedical applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing. The physical and biological requirements placed on hydrogels in these contexts are numerous and require a tunable material, which can be adapted to meet these demands. Tunability is defined as the use of knowledge-based tools to manipulate material properties in the desired direction. Engineering of suitable mechanical properties and integrating bioactivity are two major aspects of modern hydrogel design. Beyond these basic features, hydrogels can be tuned to respond to specific environmental cues and external stimuli, which are provided by surrounding cells or by the end user (patient, clinician, or researcher). This turns tunable hydrogels into stimulus-responsive smart materials, which are able to display adaptable and dynamic properties. In this book chapter, we will first shortly cover the foundation of hydrogel tunability, related to mechanical properties and biological functionality. Then, we will move on to stimulus-responsive hydrogel systems and describe their basic design, as well as give examples of their application in diverse biomedical fields. As both the understanding of underlying biological mechanisms and our engineering capacity mature, even more sophisticated tunable hydrogels addressing specific therapeutic goals will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
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11
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Leng Q, Liang Z, Lv Y. Demineralized bone matrix scaffold modified with mRNA derived from osteogenically pre-differentiated MSCs improves bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111601. [PMID: 33321645 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy based on mRNA provides a promising approach for bone regeneration. Quick mRNA translation and controlled protein production could be earned by implantation of mRNA-activated scaffold in bone remodeling region. Furthermore, the expression levels of osteogenic-related mRNA in the cytoplasm of osteogenically pre-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were high and the expression levels were different at different stages of osteogenically differentiated MSCs. This study intended to investigate the effect of osteoinductive-mRNAs (Oi-mRNAs), derived from osteogenically pre-differentiated MSCs at various stages (Day 1 (Oi1-mRNA), Day 3 (Oi3-mRNA), Day 7 (Oi7-mRNA), Day 14 (Oi14-mRNA) and Day 21 (Oi21-mRNA), respectively), on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Further, the Oi-mRNAs combined with cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) were loaded onto demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold (Oi-mRNA/DBM). The results revealed that the Oi1-mRNA, Oi3-mRNA and Oi21-mRNA had no obvious effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while the Oi7-mRNA increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the Oi14-mRNA significantly promoted the expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), and calcium deposition. In addition, the Oi14-mRNA/DBM scaffold could significantly enhance extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and new collagen formation of MSCs. After being implanted into rat critical-sized cranium defect model, the Oi14-mRNA/DBM scaffold could promote the infiltration of cells and repair of bone defect in vivo. The DBM scaffold loaded with mRNA encoding osteoinductive protein may provide a powerful tool for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Leng
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Liang
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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12
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Chowdhury SM, Abou-Elkacem L, Lee T, Dahl J, Lutz AM. Ultrasound and microbubble mediated therapeutic delivery: Underlying mechanisms and future outlook. J Control Release 2020; 326:75-90. [PMID: 32554041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the emerging field of oncological ultrasound molecular imaging, the recent significant advancements in ultrasound and contrast agent technology have paved the way for therapeutic ultrasound mediated microbubble oscillation and has shown that this approach is capable of increasing the permeability of microvessel walls while also initiating enhanced extravasation and drug delivery into target tissues. In addition, a large number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that ultrasound alone or combined with microbubbles can efficiently increase cell membrane permeability resulting in enhanced tissue distribution and intracellular drug delivery of molecules, nanoparticles, and other therapeutic agents. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeability is the temporary creation of pores in cell membranes through a phenomenon called sonoporation by high-intensity ultrasound and microbubbles or cavitation agents. At low ultrasound intensities (0.3-3 W/cm2), sonoporation may be caused by microbubbles oscillating in a stable motion, also known as stable cavitation. In contrast, at higher ultrasound intensities (greater than 3 W/cm2), sonoporation usually occurs through inertial cavitation that accompanies explosive growth and collapse of the microbubbles. Sonoporation has been shown to be a highly effective method to improve drug uptake through microbubble potentiated enhancement of microvascular permeability. In this review, the therapeutic strategy of using ultrasound for improved drug delivery are summarized with the special focus on cancer therapy. Additionally, we discuss the progress, challenges, and future of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mullick Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taehwa Lee
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amelie M Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Talkar SS, Patravale VB. Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:385-396. [PMID: 32473623 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200531141455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer ranks second in terms of mortality and is a front-runner of newly detected cases. Conventional therapies neither eradicated cancer nor increased the life expectancy of patients obviating the need for less toxic as well as efficient therapies to treat cancer. Gene therapy alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, possesses a strong potential to combat cancer. METHODS This review encompasses a brief note on the etiology and conventional therapy of prostate cancer with an emphasis on gene therapy and its suitability for the treatment of prostate cancer. RESULTS A comprehensive range of gene therapy approaches have been successfully explored for prostate cancer treatment in animal models and this has been well translated into early clinical trials. We have also discussed in brief about specific therapeutic genes and suitable vector systems for gene therapy in prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Based on the results of these clinical trials, the application of gene therapy in prostate cancer therapeutics can be satisfactorily established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil S Talkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh, Marg, Matunga - 400 019, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh, Marg, Matunga - 400 019, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Du X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yao C. Advanced physical techniques for gene delivery based on membrane perforation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1516-1525. [PMID: 29968512 PMCID: PMC6058615 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery as a promising and valid tool has been used for treating many serious diseases that conventional drug therapies cannot cure. Due to the advancement of physical technology and nanotechnology, advanced physical gene delivery methods such as electroporation, magnetoporation, sonoporation and optoporation have been extensively developed and are receiving increasing attention, which have the advantages of briefness and nontoxicity. This review introduces the technique detail of membrane perforation, with a brief discussion for future development, with special emphasis on nanoparticles mediated optoporation that have developed as an new alternative transfection technique in the last two decades. In particular, the advanced physical approaches development and new technology are highlighted, which intends to stimulate rapid advancement of perforation techniques, develop new delivery strategies and accelerate application of these techniques in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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15
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Dang M, Saunders L, Niu X, Fan Y, Ma PX. Biomimetic delivery of signals for bone tissue engineering. Bone Res 2018; 6:25. [PMID: 30181921 PMCID: PMC6115422 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an exciting approach to directly repair bone defects or engineer bone tissue for transplantation. Biomaterials play a pivotal role in providing a template and extracellular environment to support regenerative cells and promote tissue regeneration. A variety of signaling cues have been identified to regulate cellular activity, tissue development, and the healing process. Numerous studies and trials have shown the promise of tissue engineering, but successful translations of bone tissue engineering research into clinical applications have been limited, due in part to a lack of optimal delivery systems for these signals. Biomedical engineers are therefore highly motivated to develop biomimetic drug delivery systems, which benefit from mimicking signaling molecule release or presentation by the native extracellular matrix during development or the natural healing process. Engineered biomimetic drug delivery systems aim to provide control over the location, timing, and release kinetics of the signal molecules according to the drug's physiochemical properties and specific biological mechanisms. This article reviews biomimetic strategies in signaling delivery for bone tissue engineering, with a focus on delivery systems rather than specific molecules. Both fundamental considerations and specific design strategies are discussed with examples of recent research progress, demonstrating the significance and potential of biomimetic delivery systems for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dang
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Laura Saunders
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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16
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Controlled Non-Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Betz VM, Kochanek S, Rammelt S, Müller PE, Betz OB, Messmer C. Recent advances in gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3018. [PMID: 29601661 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of bone tissue represents a critical clinical condition that is frequently faced by surgeons. Substantial progress has been made in the area of bone research, providing insight into the biology of bone under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as tools for the stimulation of bone regeneration. The present review discusses recent advances in the field of gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering. Gene transfer strategies have emerged as highly effective tissue engineering approaches for supporting the repair of the musculoskeletal system. By contrast to treatment with recombinant proteins, genetically engineered cells can release growth factors at the site of injury over extended periods of time. Of particular interest are the expedited technologies that can be applied during a single surgical procedure in a cost-effective manner, allowing translation from bench to bedside. Several promising methods based on the intra-operative genetic manipulation of autologous cells or tissue fragments have been developed in preclinical studies. Moreover, gene therapy for bone regeneration has entered the clinical stage with clinical trials for the repair of alveolar bone. Current trends in gene-enhanced bone engineering are also discussed with respect to the movement of the field towards expedited, translational approaches. It is possible that gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering will become a clinical reality within the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Betz
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Center for Rehabilitation, RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolin Messmer
- Center for Rehabilitation, RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopin Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Bez M, Sheyn D, Tawackoli W, Avalos P, Shapiro G, Giaconi JC, Da X, David SB, Gavrity J, Awad HA, Bae HW, Ley EJ, Kremen TJ, Gazit Z, Ferrara KW, Pelled G, Gazit D. In situ bone tissue engineering via ultrasound-mediated gene delivery to endogenous progenitor cells in mini-pigs. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/390/eaal3128. [PMID: 28515335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 million bone-grafting procedures are performed each year using autografts or allografts. However, both options carry disadvantages, and there remains a clear medical need for the development of new therapies for massive bone loss and fracture nonunions. We hypothesized that localized ultrasound-mediated, microbubble-enhanced therapeutic gene delivery to endogenous stem cells would induce efficient bone regeneration and fracture repair. To test this hypothesis, we surgically created a critical-sized bone fracture in the tibiae of Yucatán mini-pigs, a clinically relevant large animal model. A collagen scaffold was implanted in the fracture to facilitate recruitment of endogenous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) into the fracture site. Two weeks later, transcutaneous ultrasound-mediated reporter gene delivery successfully transfected 40% of cells at the fracture site, and flow cytometry showed that 80% of the transfected cells expressed MSC markers. Human bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) plasmid DNA was delivered using ultrasound in the same animal model, leading to transient expression and secretion of BMP-6 localized to the fracture area. Micro-computed tomography and biomechanical analyses showed that ultrasound-mediated BMP-6 gene delivery led to complete radiographic and functional fracture healing in all animals 6 weeks after treatment, whereas nonunion was evident in control animals. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ultrasound-mediated gene delivery to endogenous mesenchymal progenitor cells can effectively treat nonhealing bone fractures in large animals, thereby addressing a major orthopedic unmet need and offering new possibilities for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Bez
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pablo Avalos
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Galina Shapiro
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joseph C Giaconi
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Da
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shiran Ben David
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jayne Gavrity
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hyun W Bae
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eric J Ley
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Thomas J Kremen
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dan Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. .,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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