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Wang F, Dai H, Zhou Z, Shan Y, Yu M, Sun J, Sheng L, Huang L, Meng X, You Y, Sheng M. Astragalus polysaccharides augment BMSC homing via SDF-1/CXCR4 modulation: a novel approach to counteract peritoneal mesenchymal transformation and fibrosis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 38789949 PMCID: PMC11127382 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the potential of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) pretreatment in enhancing the homing and anti-peritoneal fibrosis capabilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups: control, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF), PDF + BMSCs, and PDF + APSBMSCs (APS-pre-treated BMSCs). A peritoneal fibrosis model was induced using PDF. Dil-labeled BMSCs were administered intravenously. Post-transplantation, BMSC homing to the peritoneum and pathological alterations were assessed. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while CXCR4 expression in BMSCs was determined using PCR and immunofluorescence. Additionally, a co-culture system involving BMSCs and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) was established using a Transwell setup to examine the in vitro effects of APS on BMSC migration and therapeutic efficacy, with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 deployed to dissect the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and its downstream impacts. RESULTS In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that APS pre-treatment notably facilitated the targeted homing of BMSCs to the peritoneal tissue of PDF-treated rats, thereby amplifying their therapeutic impact. PDF exposure markedly increased SDF-1 levels in peritoneal and serum samples, which encouraged the migration of CXCR4-positive BMSCs. Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis through AMD3100 application diminished BMSC migration, consequently attenuating their therapeutic response to peritoneal mesenchyme-to-mesothelial transition (MMT). Furthermore, APS upregulated CXCR4 expression in BMSCs, intensified the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis's downstream pathways, and partially reversed the AMD3100-induced effects. CONCLUSION APS augments the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis's downstream pathway activation by increasing CXCR4 expression in BMSCs. This action bolsters the targeted homing of BMSCs to the peritoneal tissue and amplifies their suppressive influence on MMT, thereby improving peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huibo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziren Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqing You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China.
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Eirin A, Chade AR, Lerman LO. Kidney Intrinsic Mechanisms as Novel Targets in Renovascular Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:206-217. [PMID: 37869904 PMCID: PMC10842320 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Almost a hundred years have passed since obstruction of the renal artery has been recognized to raise blood pressure. By now chronic renovascular disease (RVD) due to renal artery stenosis is recognized as a major source of renovascular hypertension and renal disease. In some patients, RVD unaccompanied by noteworthy renal dysfunction or blood pressure elevation may be incidentally identified during peripheral angiography. Nevertheless, in others, RVD might present as a progressive disease associated with diffuse atherosclerosis, leading to loss of renal function, renovascular hypertension, hemodynamic compromise, and a magnified risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerotic RVD leads to renal atrophy, inflammation, and hypoxia but represents a potentially treatable cause of chronic renal failure because until severe fibrosis sets in the ischemic kidney, it retains a robust potential for vascular and tubular regeneration. This remarkable recovery capacity of the kidney begs for early diagnosis and treatment. However, accumulating evidence from both animal studies and randomized clinical trials has convincingly established the inadequate efficacy of renal artery revascularization to fully restore renal function or blood pressure control and has illuminated the potential of therapies targeted to the ischemic renal parenchyma to instigate renal regeneration. Some of the injurious mechanisms identified as potential therapeutic targets included oxidative stress, microvascular disease, inflammation, mitochondrial injury, and cellular senescence. This review recapitulates the intrinsic mechanisms that orchestrate renal damage and recovery in RVD and can be harnessed to introduce remedial opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Mylonas KJ, Ferenbach DA. Targeting Senescent Cells as Therapy for CKD. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:142-151. [PMID: 38049936 PMCID: PMC10833603 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in the kidney with aging, after acute and chronic injuries, and are present in increased numbers in deteriorating kidney transplants. Senescent cells have undergone permanent cell cycle arrest and release many proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and profibrotic factors: the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Recent work from several groups including our own has shown that senescent cells play a causative role in progression of kidney disease. Experimental evidence also indicates that targeting senescent cells has potential to alter the renal regenerative response, reducing progressive fibrosis and improving functional recovery after injury. Research and clinical interest is focused on understanding how accumulating chronic senescent cells link acute injury to progressive fibrosis, dysfunction, and mortality in human CKD. In this review, we outline current protocols for the identification of how senescent cells are identified in vitro and in vivo . We discuss the proposed mechanisms of actions of first-generation senolytic and senomorphic agents, such as ABT-263 (navitoclax) which targets the BCL2 family of survival factors, and senomorphic agents such as metformin which targets aspects of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. We also review that emerging technologies, such as nanocarriers, are now being developed to have safer delivery systems for senolytics, greater specificity, fewer off-target effects, and less toxicity. Other methods of senescent cell elimination being developed target various immune evasion tactics displayed by these cells. By understanding the role of senescence in kidney homeostasis and disease, developing new, targeted compounds and the tools to allow their efficacy to be charted noninvasively, it should become possible for senolytic treatments to move from the bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Mylonas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Cellular senescence in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:420. [PMID: 36253355 PMCID: PMC9576687 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, a main reason of mortality and morbidity worldwide, occurs in many organs and tissues. As a result of IR injury, senescent cells can accumulate in multiple organs. Increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is the underlying mechanism that transforms an acute organ injury into a chronic one. Several recent studies suggest senescent cells can be targeted for the prevention or elimination of acute and chronic organ injury induced by IR. In this review, we concisely introduce the underlying mechanism and the pivotal role of premature senescence in the transition from acute to chronic IR injuries. Special focus is laid on recent advances in the mechanisms as well as on the basic and clinical research, targeting cellular senescence in multi-organ IR injuries. Besides, the potential directions in this field are discussed in the end. Together, the recent advances reviewed here will act as a comprehensive overview of the roles of cellular senescence in IR injury, which could be of great significance for the design of related studies, or as a guide for potential therapeutic target.
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Phoenix A, Chandran R, Ergul A. Cerebral Microvascular Senescence and Inflammation in Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864758. [PMID: 35574460 PMCID: PMC9098835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced premature senescence can contribute to the accelerated metabolic aging process in diabetes. Progressive accumulation of senescent cells in the brain, especially those displaying the harmful inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), may lead to cognitive impairment linked with metabolic disturbances. In this context, the senescence within the neurovascular unit (NVU) should be studied as much as in the neurons as emerging evidence shows that neurogliovascular communication is critical for brain health. It is also known that cerebrovascular dysfunction and decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) precede the occurrence of neuronal pathologies and overt cognitive impairment. Various studies have shown that endothelial cells, the major component of the NVU, acquire a senescent phenotype via various molecular mediators and pathways upon exposure to high glucose and other conditions mimicking metabolic disturbances. In addition, senescence in the other cells that are part of the NVU, like pericytes and vascular smooth cells, was also triggered upon exposure to diabetic conditions. The senescence within the NVU may compromise functional and trophic coupling among glial, vascular, and neuronal cells and the resulting SASP may contribute to the chronic neurovascular inflammation observed in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). The link between diabetes-mediated cerebral microvascular dysfunction, NVU senescence, inflammation, and cognitive impairment must be widely studied to design therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Phoenix
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Raghavendar Chandran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Adviye Ergul,
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