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Wang X, Zhou G, Lin J, Zhang Z, Qin T, Guo L, Wang H, Huang Z, Ding G. Effects of 4.9 GHz Radiofrequency Field Exposure on Brain Metabolomic and Proteomic Characterization in Mice. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:806. [PMID: 39452115 PMCID: PMC11505847 DOI: 10.3390/biology13100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic exposure has become increasingly widespread, and its biological effects have received extensive attention. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in the metabolism profile of the brain and serum and to identify differentially expressed proteins in the brain after exposure to the 4.9 GHz radiofrequency (RF) field. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a Sham group and an RF group, which were sham-exposed and continuously exposed to a 4.9 RF field for 35 d, 1 h/d, at an average power density (PD) of 50 W/m2. After exposure, untargeted metabolomics and Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics were performed. We found 104 and 153 up- and down-regulated differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the RF_Brain group and RF_Serum group, and the DEMs were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Moreover, 10 up-regulated and 51 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were discovered in the RF group. Functional correlation analysis showed that most DEMs and DEPs showed a significant correlation. These results suggested that 4.9 GHz exposure induced disturbance of metabolism in the brain and serum, and caused deregulation of proteins in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guiqiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhaowen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Tongzhou Qin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhifei Huang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (X.W.); (G.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi’an 710032, China
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Acute radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure impairs neurogenesis and causes neuronal DNA damage in the young rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:46-58. [PMID: 36336097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A mobile phone is now a commonly used device for digital media and communication among all age groups. Young adolescents use it for longer durations, which exposes them to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). This exposure can lead to neuropsychiatric changes. The underlying cellular mechanism behind these changes requires detailed investigation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of RF-EMR emitted from mobile phones on young adolescent rat brains. Wistar rats (5 weeks, male) were exposed to RF-EMR signal (2115 MHz) at a head average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.51 W/kg continuously for 8 h. Higher level of lipid peroxidation, carbon-centered lipid radicals, and single-strand DNA damage was observed in the brain of rat exposed to RF-EMR. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreased in RF-EMR-exposed rats, indicating reduced neurogenesis. RF-EMR exposure also induced degenerative changes and neuronal loss in DG neurons but had no effect on the CA3 and CA1 neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The activity of Pro-caspase3 did not increase upon exposure in any of the brain regions, pointing out that degeneration observed in the DG region is not dependent on caspase activation. Results indicate that short-term acute exposure to RF-EMR induced the generation of carbon-centered lipid radicals and nuclear DNA damage, both of which likely played a role in the impaired neurogenesis and neuronal degeneration seen in the young brain's hippocampus region. The understanding of RF-EMR-induced alteration in the brain at the cellular level will help develop appropriate interventions for reducing its adverse impact.
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