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Qattan A. Genomic Alterations Affecting Competitive Endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and Regulatory Networks (ceRNETs) with Clinical Implications in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2624. [PMID: 38473871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of competitive endogenous RNA regulation has brought on a change in the way we think about transcriptional regulation by miRNA-mRNA interactions. Rather than the relatively simple idea of miRNAs negatively regulating mRNA transcripts, mRNAs and other non-coding RNAs can regulate miRNAs and, therefore, broad networks of gene products through competitive interactions. While this concept is not new, its significant roles in and implications on cancer have just recently come to light. The field is now ripe for the extrapolation of technologies with a substantial clinical impact on cancer. With the majority of the genome consisting of non-coding regions encoding regulatory RNAs, genomic alterations in cancer have considerable effects on these networks that have been previously unappreciated. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high mutational burden, genomic instability and heterogeneity, making this aggressive breast cancer subtype particularly relevant to these changes. In the past few years, much has been learned about the roles of competitive endogenous RNA network regulation in tumorigenesis, disease progression and drug response in triple-negative breast cancer. In this review, we present a comprehensive view of the new knowledge and future perspectives on competitive endogenous RNA networks affected by genomic alterations in triple-negative breast cancer. An overview of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis and its bearing on cellular function and disease is provided, followed by a thorough review of the literature surrounding key competitive endogenous RNAs in triple-negative breast cancer, the genomic alterations affecting them, key disease-relevant molecular and functional pathways regulated by them and the clinical implications and significance of their dysregulation. New knowledge of the roles of these regulatory mechanisms and the current acceleration of research in the field promises to generate insights into the diagnosis, classification and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer through the elucidation of new molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Qattan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Yao M, Li C, Yang K, Qin X, Xu L, Shi S, Yu C, Meng X, Xie C. Targeting ST8SIA6-AS1 counteracts KRAS G12C inhibitor resistance through abolishing the reciprocal activation of PLK1/c-Myc signaling. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:105. [PMID: 38104151 PMCID: PMC10724920 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRASG12C inhibitors (KRASG12Ci) AMG510 and MRTX849 have shown promising efficacy in clinical trials and been approved for the treatment of KRASG12C-mutant cancers. However, the emergence of therapy-related drug resistance limits their long-term potential. This study aimed to identify the critical mediators and develop overcoming strategies. METHODS By using RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and immunoblotting, we identified and validated the upregulation of c-Myc activity and the amplification of the long noncoding RNA ST8SIA6-AS1 in KRASG12Ci-resistant cells. The regulatory axis ST8SIA6-AS1/Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)/c-Myc was investigated by bioinformatics, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Gain/loss-of-function assays, cell viability assay, xenograft models, and IHC staining were conducted to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of co-inhibition of ST8SIA6-AS1/PLK1 pathway and KRAS both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KRASG12Ci sustainably decreased c-Myc levels in responsive cell lines but not in cell lines with intrinsic or acquired resistance to KRASG12Ci. PLK1 activation contributed to this ERK-independent c-Myc stability, which in turn directly induced PLK1 transcription, forming a positive feedback loop and conferring resistance to KRASG12Ci. ST8SIA6-AS1 was found significantly upregulated in resistant cells and facilitated the proliferation of KRASG12C-mutant cancers. ST8SIA6-AS1 bound to Aurora kinase A (Aurora A)/PLK1 and promoted Aurora A-mediated PLK1 phosphorylation. Concurrent targeting of KRAS and ST8SIA6-AS1/PLK1 signaling suppressed both ERK-dependent and -independent c-Myc expression, synergistically led to cell death and tumor regression and overcame KRASG12Ci resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our study deciphers that the axis of ST8SIA6-AS1/PLK1/c-Myc confers both intrinsic and acquired resistance to KRASG12Ci and represents a promising therapeutic target for combination strategies with KRASG12Ci in the treatment of KRASG12C-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Yao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaolong Qin
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lansong Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangxuan Shi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Lingang Laboratory, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
- China Center for Digestive Diseases Research and Clinical Translation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gut Microecology and Associated Major Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Yan CF, Xia J, Qun WS, Bing WY, Guo WJ, Yong HG, Sheng SJ, Lei ZG. Tumor-associated macrophages-derived exo-let-7a promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via targeting C15orf41 in osteosarcoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1318-1331. [PMID: 36919336 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) immune environment is complexed and the immune factors-related to OS progression need to be explored. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are regarded as immune suppressive and tumor-promoting cells. However, the underlying mechanisms through which TAMs function are still fragmentary. Here, we aim to explore the underlying mechanisms by which TAMs regulate OS progression. METHODS TAMs from OS tissues were isolated by flow cytometry. Exosomes derived from TAMs were separated using ultracentrifugation and western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were constructed to characterize TAMs-derived exosomes. Additionally, the differential MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were detected through RNA sequencing, and further validated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). OS cell metastasis ability was assessed using transwell invasion and scratch wound healing assays. MiRNAs mimic and lentiviral vectors were utilized to explore the effects on OS progression. RESULTS Exosome secreted by TAMs accelerated the OS metastasis. Let-7a level was upregulated in TAMs derived exosomes, which downregulated C15orf41 by targeting 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Furthermore, overexpressing let-7a enhanced invasion and migration by blocking the transcription of C15orf41. In consistent, up-regulating let-7a promoted OS progression and made the prognosis to be worse, which can be reversed by C15orf41 overexpression. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the critical role of TAMs-derived exosomes in OS progression and explored the potential value of the let-7a/C15orf41 axis as an indicator or target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fei Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Si Qun
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yi Bing
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Jian Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang-Gang Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jing Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Guang Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang G, Deng L, Gong K, Zhou P, Peng L, Li C. Hsa_circ_0003528 promotes cell malignant transformation and immune escape via increasing oncogene PDL1 through sponging miR-511-3p in non-small cell lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1347-1360. [PMID: 36947452 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important regulatory roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, we aimed to explore the regulatory role of has_circ_0003528 (circ_0003528) in NSCLC. METHODS Alterations of circ_0003528 expression in NSCLC samples and cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Impacts of circ_0003528 on NSCLC cell malignant transformation were analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell invasion, and tube formation assays. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers were detected with western blotting. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The regulation mechanism of circ_0003528 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. The tumorigenesis role of circ_0003528 was verified by animal experiments. RESULTS Higher levels of circ_0003528 were obtained in NSCLC samples and cell lines, and patients with high circ_0003528 expression had a worse prognosis. Silence of circ_0003528 decreased xenograft growth in mouse models and induced cell apoptosis and repressed cell viability, proliferation, invasion, EMT, angiogenesis, and immune escape in NSCLC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, circ_0003528 controlled programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression through interaction with miR-511-3p. The inhibiting impacts of circ_0003528 knockdown on NSCLC cell malignant transformation and immune escape were weakened after miR-511-3p silencing. Moreover, PDL1 overexpression partially counteracted miR-511-3p upregulation-mediated suppression on NSCLC cell malignant transformation and immune escape. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0003528 facilitated NSCLC cell malignant transformation and immune escape through regulation of the miR-511-3p/PDL1 axis, highlighting the oncogenic role of circ_0003528 in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Changsha, China
| | - Kuiyu Gong
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Changsha, China
| | - Luogen Peng
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to South China University, Changsha, China
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Xu Y, Hirachan S, Shen Y, Huang Q, Bhandari A, Xia E. The pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of FAM72A as a BRCA prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1100-1117. [PMID: 36757015 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we first comprehensively investigated the expression profile, mutation status, and survival analysis of FAM72A as well as the correlation between FAM72A and DNA damage repair, methylation, and cell stemness analysis using bioinformatics techniques. In addition, we also analyzed the relationship between FAM72A and immune cell infiltration and pathway enrichment. The role of FAM72A in breast cancer (BC) was so conspicuous that we analyzed the prognostic significance and clinicopathological parameter's relevance of FAM72A in BC. We also validated biological functions by applying in vitro experiments. FAM72A was highly expressed in 26 types of a total of 31 cancers, while it expressed low levels in only five cancers. FAM72A expression was relative to clinical stages in nine cancers and has a significant difference in disease-free survival among 31 kinds of cancers. In addition, FAM72A has negatively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblast and endothelial cells in BC but positively correlated with follicular helper T cells. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses identified T, N, M, age, and FAM72A expression as independent influences on BC prognosis, so we created a nomogram to predict patient survival benefits. In in vitro experiments, we verified that downregulation of FAM72A not only inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion, and G2/M cell cycle transition but also promoted apoptosis of breast invasive carcinoma cells. Our study discovered FAM72A as a clinically meaningful biomarker for prognostic predicting and a guiding target for immune treatment in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suzita Hirachan
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Unit, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qidi Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Unit, Primera Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Erjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jia Y, Yang H, Yu J, Li Z, Jia G, Ding B, Lv C. Crocin suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation by down-regulating tumor promoter miR-122-5p and up-regulating tumor suppressors FOXP2 and SPRY2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36988377 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Crocin has been reported to have antitumor activity in several tumors including breast cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of crocin on breast cancer remains unclear. The cytotoxicity of crocin was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using EdU incorporation assay and western blot analysis. Breast cancer-related genes were extracted from GEPIA. miR-122-5p targets were predicted using Targetscan, starbase, and miRDB softwares. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to confirm whether miR-122-5p targeted sprouty2 (SPRY2) and forkhead box P2 (FOXP2). Results showed that crocin exhibited cytotoxicity and suppressed the proliferation in breast cancer cells. miR-122-5p was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cells. Crocin suppressed miR-122-5p to block the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Seven targets of miR-122-5p were identified in breast cancer. SPRY2 and FOXP2 were selected for further experiments due to their involvement in breast cancer. miR-122-5p targeted SPRY2 and FOXP2 to inhibit their expression. miR-122-5p knockdown restrained breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting SPRY2 and FOXP2. Additionally, crocin increased SPRY2 and FOXP2 expression by inhibiting miR-122-5p expression. Together, our results suggested that crocin inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells through decreasing miR-122-5p expression and the subsequent increase of SPRY2 and FOXP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473004, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanshi Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473065, China
| | - Jinsong Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473004, China
- Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Nanyang, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473004, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473004, China
| | - Guangwei Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473004, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, Henan, 473004, China
| | - Chunliu Lv
- Department of Breast Tumor Plastic Surgery (Department of Head and Neck Surgery), Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Duca M, Malagolini N, Dall’Olio F. The Mutual Relationship between Glycosylation and Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Other Physio-Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415804. [PMID: 36555445 PMCID: PMC9781064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, which consists of the enzymatic addition of sugars to proteins and lipids, is one of the most important post-co-synthetic modifications of these molecules, profoundly affecting their activity. Although the presence of carbohydrate chains is crucial for fine-tuning the interactions between cells and molecules, glycosylation is an intrinsically stochastic process regulated by the relative abundance of biosynthetic (glycosyltransferases) and catabolic (glycosidases) enzymes, as well as sugar carriers and other molecules. Non-coding RNAs, which include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circRNAs, establish a complex network of reciprocally interacting molecules whose final goal is the regulation of mRNA expression. Likewise, these interactions are stochastically regulated by ncRNA abundance. Thus, while protein sequence is deterministically dictated by the DNA/RNA/protein axis, protein abundance and activity are regulated by two stochastic processes acting, respectively, before and after the biosynthesis of the protein axis. Consequently, the worlds of glycosylation and ncRNA are closely interconnected and mutually interacting. In this paper, we will extensively review the many faces of the ncRNA-glycosylation interplay in cancer and other physio-pathological conditions.
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