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Wu X, Li X, Wang L, Bi X, Zhong W, Yue J, Chin YE. Lysine Deacetylation Is a Key Function of the Lysyl Oxidase Family of Proteins in Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:652-658. [PMID: 38194336 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of proteins carry a copper-dependent monoamine oxidase domain exclusively within the C-terminal region, which catalyzes ε-amine oxidation of lysine residues of various proteins. However, recent studies have demonstrated that in LOX-like (LOXL) 2-4 the C-terminal canonical catalytic domain and N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) repeats domain exhibit lysine deacetylation and deacetylimination catalytic activities. Moreover, the N-terminal SRCR repeats domain is more catalytically active than the C-terminal oxidase domain. Thus, LOX is the third family of lysine deacetylases in addition to histone deacetylase and sirtuin families. In this review, we discuss how the LOX family targets different cellular proteins for deacetylation and deacetylimination to control the development and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xianxia Bi
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Fan L, Jiang W, Chen C, Gao H, Shi J, Wang D. CEBPA facilitates LOXL2 and LOXL3 transcription to promote BCL-2 stability and thus enhances the growth and metastasis of lung carcinoma cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113937. [PMID: 38242344 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma (LC) is a complicated and highly heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality. Both lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) 2 and 3 act in cancer progression. This work endeavors to illustrate the influence of LOXL2/LOXL3 on LC progression and the underlying mechanisms. LOXL family genes and CCAAT enhancer binding protein A (CEBPA) were analyzed in the TCGA database for their expression patterns in LC patients and their correlations with the patient's prognosis. CEBPA, LOXL2, and LOXL3 expression levels were determined in LC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were conducted, followed by assays for cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, invasion, and migration. The binding of CEBPA or B cell lymphoma protein (BCL)-2 to LOXL2/LOXL3 was verified. The ubiquitination level of BCL-2 and histone acetylation level of LOXL2/LOXL3 in LC cells were analyzed. Database analyses revealed that LC patients had high CEBPA, LOXL2, and LOXL3 expression, which were related to poor prognosis. LC cells also exhibited high CEBPA, LOXL2, and LOXL3 levels. LOXL2/LOXL3 knockdown subdued EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion while enhancing the apoptosis of LC cells. LOXL2/LOXL3 could bind to CEBPA and BCL-2. LOXL2/LOXL3 knockdown upregulated BCL-2 ubiquitination level and diminished BCL-2 expression in LC cells. CEBPA recruited Tip60 to enhance histone acetylation and transcription of LOXL2/LOXL3 in LC cells. BCL-2 overexpression abolished the impacts of LOXL2/LOXL3 knockdown on LC cells. In conclusion, CEBPA boosts LOXL2 and LOXL3 transcription to facilitate BCL-2 stability by recruiting Tip60 and thus contributes to LC cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijuan Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canjuan Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangwei Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dewen Wang
- Radiotherapy Department, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang H, Han Y, Xiao W, Gao Y, Sui Z, Ren P, Meng F, Tang P, Yu Z. USP4 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting TAK1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:730. [PMID: 37949874 PMCID: PMC10638297 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4) represents a potential oncogene involved in various human cancers. Nevertheless, the biological roles and precise mechanism of USP4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression are not understood. Here, USP4 expression was found to be markedly upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues and cells. Loss- and gain-of-function assays suggested that USP4 silencing inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while USP4 overexpression promoted these behaviors. Consistently, USP4 silencing repressed tumor growth and metastasis in an ESCC nude mouse model in vivo. As a target molecule of USP4, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) also showed high expression in ESCC. Moreover, we observed that USP4 specifically interacted with TAK1 and stabilized TAK1 protein levels via deubiquitination in ESCC cells. Importantly, USP4 promotes ESCC proliferation, migration, and invasion via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and can be inhibited by U0126. Neutral red (NR), an inhibitor of USP4 can suppress ESCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study revealed that USP4/TAK1 plays crucial roles in ESCC progression by modulating proliferation, migration, and invasion, and USP4 might be a potential therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdian Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Youming Han
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Binhai Hospital of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Wanyi Xiao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yongyin Gao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhilin Sui
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and PeKing Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fanbiao Meng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Peng Tang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and PeKing Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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Ji W, Bai J, Ke Y. Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis, metastasis, stemness, macrophage polarization, and infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma through PKM mediated glycolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1332-1346. [PMID: 36880413 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With high morbidity and mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deserves further exploration in its pathogenesis mechanisms for promising prognostic and therapeutic markers. This research was conducted to dig out roles of exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 in HCC. METHODS The level of exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 in HCC tissue and cells was determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify interactions between ZFPM2-AS1 and miRNA-18b-5p, as well as miRNA-18b-5p and PKM. Western blotting was employed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Several in vitro assays were conducted in mice xenograft and orthotopic transplantation models to investigate impacts of exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 on HCC development, metastasis, and macrophage infiltration. RESULTS ZFPM2-AS1 was activated in HCC tissue and cells, with high enrichment in HCC-derived exosomes. Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 enhances the cell abilities and stemness of HCC. MiRNA-18b-5p was directly targeted by ZFPM2-AS1 which triggered PKM expression via sponging miR-18b-5p. Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 modulated glycolysis via PKM in an HIF-1α dependent way in HCC, promoting M2 polarization, and macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 enhanced HCC cell growth, metastasis, and M2 infiltration in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 exerted regulatory function on the progression of HCC via miR-18b-5p/PKM axis. ZFPM2-AS1 could be promising biomarker for the diagnosis and therapies of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Ding B, Lou W, Fan W, Pan J. Exosomal miR-374c-5p derived from mesenchymal stem cells suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma via the LIMK1-Wnt/β-catenin axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1038-1052. [PMID: 36722453 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a leading cause to treatment failure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Exosomes act as pivotal mediators in communication between different cells and exert effects on recipient cells by delivering bioactive cargoes, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs function in multiple steps of HCC development, including metastasis. MiR-374c-5p was previously identified as a tumor suppressor in some malignancies, while the current knowledge of its role in HCC metastasis is still limited. Herein, miR-374c-5p was found to be downregulated in HCC cell lines and clinical samples, and positively related with favorable prognosis in HCC patients. MiR-374c-5p transferred by exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) suppressed migration, invasion and proliferation of HCC cells. LIMK1 was verified as downstream target gene of miR-374c-5p. Knockdown of LIMK1 reduced invasion, migration and proliferation of HCC cells, whereas overexpression functioned oppositely. The miR-374c-5p/LIMK1 axis suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In addition, miR-374c-5p was downregulated and LIMK1 upregulated in TGF-β1 induced EMT. This EMT model could be reversed by LIMK1 silencing or miR-374c-5p overexpression. These results suggest that exo-miR-374c-5p suppresses EMT via targeting LIMK1-Wnt/β-catenin axis and the axis is involved in TGF-β1 induced metastasis of HCC, thereby identifying miR-374c-5p as a potential target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisha Ding
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Shi H, Xiong J, Gan L, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Kong Y, Miao Q, Tian C, Li R, Liu J, Zhang E, Bu W, Wang Y, Cheng X, Sun J, Chen H. N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF3 regulates melanoma metastasis via its 'executor'LOXL3. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1075. [PMID: 36324258 PMCID: PMC9630608 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a vital role in the pathological process of various tumours. Recently, it was found that m6A writers or erasers affect the tumourigenesis of melanoma. However, the relationship between m6A readers such as YTH domain family (YTHDF) proteins and melanoma was still elusive. METHODS RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to measure the expression level of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3 (YTHDF3) and lysyl oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3) in melanoma tissues and cells. The effects of YTHDF3 and LOXL3 on melanoma were verified in vitro and in vivo. Multi-omics analysis including RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq and mass spectrometry analyses was performed to identify the target. The interaction between YTHDF3 and LOXL3 was verified by RT-PCR, Western blot, MeRIP-qPCR, RIP-qPCR and CRISPR-Cas13b-based epitranscriptome engineering. RESULTS In this study, we found that m6A reader YTHDF3 could affect the metastasis of melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. The downstream targets of YTHDF3, such as LOXL3, phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) were identified by means of RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq and mass spectrometry analyses. Besides, RT-qPCR, Western blot, RIP-qPCR and MeRIP-qPCR were performed for subsequent validation. Among various targets of YTHDF3, LOXL3 was found to be the optimal target of YTHDF3. With the application of CRISPR-Cas13b-based epitranscriptome engineering, we further confirmed that the transcript of LOXL3 was captured and regulated by YTHDF3 via m6A binding sites. YTHDF3 augmented the protein expression of LOXL3 without affecting its mRNA level via the enrichment of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3A) on the transcript of LOXL3. LOXL3 downregulation inhibited the metastatic ability of melanoma cells, and overexpression of LOXL3 ameliorated the inhibition of melanoma metastasis caused by YTHDF3 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS The YTHDF3-LOXL3 axis could serve as a promising target to be interfered with to inhibit the metastasis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐ze Shi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Jing‐shu Xiong
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Cong‐cong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Ying‐qi Kong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Qiu‐ju Miao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Cui‐cui Tian
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Jin‐quan Liu
- National Center for STD ControlChina CDCNanjingChina
| | - Er‐jia Zhang
- Department of DermatologyChina Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wen‐bo Bu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Xian‐feng Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Jian‐fang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
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