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Valovich McLeod TC, Snedden T, Halstead M, Wilson J, Master C, Grady M, Fazekas M, Santana J, Zaslow T, Miller S, Coel R, Howell DR. Influence of Personal and Injury-Related Factors Predicting Deficits in Quality of Life Domains Among Pediatric Athletes: Findings From the Sport Concussion Outcomes in Pediatrics Study. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:489-496. [PMID: 36858431 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine patient and injury factors that may predict quality of life (QoL) and symptom duration after concussion. DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal. SETTINGS Six children's hospital-based medical centers and 9 secondary school athletic training facilities. PATIENTS Pediatric patients (8-18 years) were enrolled as part of the Sport Concussion Outcomes in Pediatrics (SCOPE) study during their initial visit for a diagnosis of sport-related concussion. INTERVENTIONS Patients completed a medical history, the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-25 (PROMIS-PP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Eight predictor variables [age, sex, assessment time, loss of consciousness, amnesia and history of concussion, migraines, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or (ADHD)] were assessed using regression models constructed for each dependent variable. RESULTS A total of 244 patients (15.1 ± 2.1 years, 41% female) were enrolled (mean = 5 ± 3 days after concussion; range = 1-14 days). Female sex, later initial assessment, and presence of amnesia were associated with lower QoL scores on several domains, whereas loss of consciousness was associated with higher QoL for fatigue. A history of migraines was associated with lower peer relationship QoL. Patients who subsequently developed persisting symptoms had lower mobility scores and higher anxiety, depressive symptom, fatigue, and pain interference scores. CONCLUSIONS Female sex, later clinic presentation, and amnesia were associated with a lower QoL related to mobility, anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain interference. Interestingly, previous concussion and preinjury ADHD diagnosis did not negatively impact postinjury QoL at the initial visit. Future studies should assess the influence of these factors on QoL at later postinjury time points using a concussion-specific outcomes instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Wilson
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Matthew Grady
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Tracy Zaslow
- Cedars-Sinai Kerlan Jobe Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shane Miller
- Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA; and
| | - Rachel Coel
- Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI
| | - David R Howell
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kati P, Matti V, Sanna K, Jon P, Tiina L, Laura H. Post-Concussion Acute Signs and Reliable Cognitive Decline in a Finnish Youth Ice Hockey Sample. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:757-766. [PMID: 33210122 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In sports concussion research, the importance of an individualized approach incorporating neuropsychological assessment data has been emphasized. This study examined the impact of acute signs of concussion on post-injury cognitive functioning using reliable change methodology in a sample of Finnish, elite-level, youth ice hockey players. METHODS From a sample of 1,823 players (all male, 14-20 years old) who completed preseason baseline testing with the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT®) battery, two subgroups were identified. First, in total, 312 uninjured athletes, who completed baseline testing twice-1 year apart. The scores were contrasted to calculate reliable change indices (RCIs). Second, from a subsample of 570 athletes participating in an intensive follow-up arm of the project, the analysis included 32 concussed athletes. The RCIs were determined for the five ImPACT composite scores and used in identifying athletes with declined performance 3 days post-injury. RESULTS Test-retest reliability ranged from .39 to .71. Athletes who had experienced an acute loss of consciousness, amnesia, or postural instability had increased odds for declines in two or more areas assessed by ImPACT (odds ratio = 7.67-8.00, p < .05). In contrast, acute disorientation or vacant look did not lead to cognitive change that met the reliable change threshold. CONCLUSIONS The reliability coefficients and RCIs differed from those published earlier emphasizing the importance of national reference values. The presence of acute loss of consciousness, amnesia, or postural instability may indicate a more severe injury and predict the need for more intensive cognitive follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peltonen Kati
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vartiainen Matti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Koskinen Sanna
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertab Jon
- Neurosciences Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Laitala Tiina
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hokkanen Laura
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Reyes J, Mitra B, Makdissi M, Clifton P, Nguyen JVK, Harcourt P, Howard TS, Cameron PA, Rosenfeld JV, Major BP, Willmott C. Visible Signs of Concussion and Cognitive Screening in Community Sports. J Neurotrauma 2021; 39:122-130. [PMID: 33678008 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Video surveillance and detection of players with visible signs of concussion by experienced medical staff facilitates rapid on-field screening of suspected concussion in professional sports. This method, however has not been validated in community sports where video footage is unavailable. This study aimed to explore the utility of visible signs of concussion to identify players with decrements in performance on concussion screening measures. In this observational prospective cohort study, personnel with basic training observed live matches across a season (60 matches) of community male and female Australian football for signs of concussion outlined in the community-based Head Injury Assessment form (HIAf). Players identified to have positive signs of concussion (CoSign+) following an impact were compared with players without signs (CoSign-). Outcome measures, the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3) and Cogstate, were administered at baseline and post-match. CoSign+ (n = 22) and CoSign- (n = 61) groups were similar with respect to age, sex, education, baseline mood, and medical history. CoSign+ players exhibited worse orientation, concentration, and recall, and slower reaction time in attention and working memory tasks. Comparing individual change from baseline to post-match assessment revealed 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84-100%) of CoSign+ players demonstrated clinically significant deficits on SCAT3 or Cogstate tasks, compared with 59% (95% CI: 46-71%) of CoSign- players. All CoSign+ players observed to have a blank/vacant look demonstrated clinically significant decline on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC). Detection of visible signs of concussion represents a rapid, real-time method for screening players suspected of concussion in community sports where video technology and medical personnel are rarely present. Consistent with community guidelines, it is recommended that all CoSign+ players be immediately removed from play for further concussion screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Reyes
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Campus, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jack V K Nguyen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Harcourt
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teresa S Howard
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Cameron
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brendan P Major
- Monash University & Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Willmott
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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