1
|
Haapala EA, Kuronen E, Ihalainen JK, Lintu N, Leppänen MH, Tompuri T, Atalay M, Schwab U, Lakka TA. Cross-sectional associations between physical fitness and biomarkers of inflammation in children-The PANIC study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1000-1009. [PMID: 36779507 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic low-grade inflammation has been proposed as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism for cardiometabolic diseases. We investigated the associations of physical fitness with a systemic low-grade inflammatory state in a population sample of children. METHODS Altogether 391 children aged 6-9 years were examined. Cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output, Wmax ) was assessed by a maximal cycle ergometer test and neuromuscular fitness by hand grip strength, sit-up, standing long jump, 50-meter shuttle run, static balance, sit-and-reach, and box and block tests. Body fat percentage (BF%) and lean mass (LM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, leptin receptor, high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-adiponectin), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) were assessed from fasting blood samples. The modified inflammatory score (IS) was calculated using the population-specific z-scores and formula (z hs-CRP + z leptin + z IL-6 + z TNF-α + z GlycA)-z leptin receptor-z HMW-adiponectin. The data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. RESULTS Higher Wmax /kg of body mass (β = -0.416, 95% CI = -0.514 to -0.318), higher number of completed sit-ups (β = -0.147, 95% CI = -0.244 to -0.049), a longer distance jumped in the standing long jump test (β = -0.270, 95% CI = -0.371 to -0.169), and a shorter time in the 50-meter shuttle run test (β = 0.123, 95% CI = 0.022 to 0.223) were associated with lower IS. None of these associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for BF%. CONCLUSIONS Higher physical fitness is associated with a more favorable inflammatory biomarker profile in children. However, the associations were explained by BF%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Sports & Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emmi Kuronen
- Sports & Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna K Ihalainen
- Sports & Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja H Leppänen
- Sports & Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Tompuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan JLK, Ylä-Kojola AM, Eriksson JG, Salonen MK, Wasenius N, Hart NH, Chivers P, Rantalainen T, Lano A, Piitulainen H. Effect of Childhood Developmental Coordination Disorder on Adulthood Physical Activity; Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1050-1063. [PMID: 35178792 PMCID: PMC9306991 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have low levels of physical activity in childhood due to impaired motor competence; however, physical activity levels in adulthood have not been established. This study sought to determine the impact of DCD risk on physical activity levels in adults using accelerometry measurement. Participants (n = 656) from the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study cohort had their motor competence assessed at the age of five years, and their physical activity quantified via device assessment at the age of 25 years. Between group differences were assessed to differentiate physical activity measures for individuals based on DCD risk status, with general linear modeling performed to control for the effects of sex, body mass index (BMI), and maternal education. Participants at risk of DCD were found to have a lower total number of steps (d = 0.3, p = 0.022) than those not at risk. Statistical modeling indicated that DCD risk status increased time spent in sedentary light activity (β = 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.3, p = 0.026) and decreased time spent in vigorous physical activity via interaction with BMI (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.1, p = 0.025). Sensitivity analysis found that visuomotor impairment did not significantly impact physical activity but did increase the role of DCD risk status in some models. This 20‐year‐longitudinal study indicated that DCD risk status continues to negatively impact on levels of physical activity into early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn L K Tan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anna-Mari Ylä-Kojola
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Chronic Disease Prevention, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Wasenius
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aulikki Lano
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|