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Witkowska A, Gryn-Rynko A, Syrkiewicz P, Kitala-Tańska K, Majewski MS. Characterizations of White Mulberry, Sea-Buckthorn, Garlic, Lily of the Valley, Motherwort, and Hawthorn as Potential Candidates for Managing Cardiovascular Disease-In Vitro and Ex Vivo Animal Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1313. [PMID: 38732560 PMCID: PMC11085323 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a broadly understood concept focusing on vascular and heart dysfunction. Lack of physical exercise, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thromboembolism, and kidney and lung diseases all contribute to the development of heart and blood vessel dysfunction. Although effective and important, traditional treatment with diuretics, statins, beta blockers, calcium inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, and anti-platelet drugs remains a second-line treatment after dietary interventions and lifestyle changes. Scientists worldwide are still looking for an herbal product that would be effective and free from side effects, either taken together with or before the standard pharmacological intervention. Such herbal-originated medication therapy may include Morus alba L. (white mulberry), Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (sea-buckthorn), Allium sativum L. (garlic), Convallaria majalis L. (lily of the valley), Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort), and Crataegus spp. (hawthorn). Valuable herbal raw materials include leaves, fruits, seeds, and even thorns. This short review focuses on six herbs that can constitute an interesting and potential therapeutic option in the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michał S. Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.K.-T.)
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Panez-Toro I, Muñoz-García J, Vargas-Franco JW, Renodon-Cornière A, Heymann MF, Lézot F, Heymann D. Advances in Osteosarcoma. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023:10.1007/s11914-023-00803-9. [PMID: 37329384 PMCID: PMC10393907 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article gives a brief overview of the most recent developments in osteosarcoma treatment, including targeting of signaling pathways, immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug delivery strategies as single or combined approaches, and the identification of new therapeutic targets to face this highly heterogeneous disease. RECENT FINDINGS Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors in children and young adults, with a high risk of bone and lung metastases and a 5-year survival rate around 70% in the absence of metastases and 30% if metastases are detected at the time of diagnosis. Despite the novel advances in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the effective treatment for osteosarcoma has not improved in the last 4 decades. The emergence of immunotherapy has transformed the paradigm of treatment, focusing therapeutic strategies on the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the most recent clinical trials show a slight improvement over the conventional polychemotherapy scheme. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma by controlling the tumor growth, the metastatic process and the drug resistance and paved the way of new therapeutic options that must be validated by accurate pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Panez-Toro
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Javier Muñoz-García
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Jorge W Vargas-Franco
- University of Antioquia, Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Axelle Renodon-Cornière
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR933, Hôpital Trousseau (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies unit, 44322, Nantes, France.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France.
- University of Sheffield, Medical School, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
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Morimoto M, Tatsumi K, Takabayashi Y, Sakata A, Yuui K, Terazawa I, Kudo R, Kasuda S. Involvement of monocyte-derived extracellular vesicle-associated tissue factor activity in convallatoxin-induced hypercoagulability. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:184-190. [PMID: 36966751 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Convallatoxin (CNT) is a natural cardiac glycoside extracted from lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis ). Although it is empirically known to cause blood coagulation disorders, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. CNT exerts cytotoxicity and increases tissue factor (TF) expression in endothelial cells. However, the direct action of CNT on blood coagulation remains unclear. Therefore, herein, we investigated the effects of CNT on whole blood coagulation system and TF expression in monocytes. METHODS Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers to measure plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) concentration using ELISA and to perform rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and whole-blood extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated TF (EV-TF) analysis. The effects of CNT were also investigated using the monocytic human cell line THP-1. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were performed, and PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, was used to elucidate the action mechanism of CNT-mediated TF production. RESULTS CNT treatment increased EV-TF activity, shortened the whole blood clotting time in rotational thromboelastometry analysis, and increased TAT levels, which is an index of thrombin generation. Furthermore, CNT increased TF mRNA expression in THP-1 cells and EV-TF activity in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, CNT may induce a hypercoagulable state with thrombin generation, in which elevated EV-TF activity derived from monocytes might be involved. These procoagulant effects of CNT were reversed by PD98059, suggesting that CNT-induced TF production in monocytes might be mediated by the MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study have further clarified the procoagulant properties of CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Advanced Medical Science of Thrombosis and Hemostasis
| | | | - Asuka Sakata
- Medicinal Biology of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Ren J, Gao X, Guo X, Wang N, Wang X. Research Progress in Pharmacological Activities and Applications of Cardiotonic Steroids. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902459. [PMID: 35721110 PMCID: PMC9205219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are a group of compounds existing in animals and plants. CTS are commonly referred to cardiac glycosides (CGs) which are composed of sugar residues, unsaturated lactone rings and steroid cores. Their traditional mechanism of action is to inhibit sodium-potassium ATPase to strengthen the heart and regulate heart rate, so it is currently widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and tachyarrhythmia. It is worth noticing that recent studies have found an avalanche of inestimable values of CTS applications in many fields such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, neuroprotection, and immune regulation through multi-molecular mechanisms. Thus, the pharmacological activities and applications of CTS have extensive prospects, which would provide a direction for new drug research and development. Here, we review the potential applications of CTS in cardiovascular system and other systems. We also provide suggestions for new clinical practical strategies of CTS, for many diseases. Four main themes will be discussed, in relation to the impact of CTS, on 1) tumors, 2) viral infections, 3) nervous system diseases and 4) immune-inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Liu X, Geng Z, Ding X, Lou Y, Zhang X. Convallatoxin suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and enhances osteogenic differentiation by downregulating parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) expression and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13280-13292. [PMID: 35635031 PMCID: PMC9275893 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2080363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Convallatoxin, a natural cardiac glycoside, exhibits potent anti-tumor activities. Literature has confirmed that PTHR1 is highly expressed in OS tissues and cells and downregulation of PTHR1 could decrease the invasion and growth of OS cells and increase tumor differentiation. In addition, PTHR1 could activate Wnt signaling pathway to promote the malignant functions of OS. In the present study, MG63 and U2OS cells were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 nM convallatoxin in order to elucidate the precise function of convallatox on the malignant behaviors of OS cells. Moreover, MG63 and U2OS cells treated with convallatoxin were transfected with Ov-PTHR1 or sh-DKK1, aiming to explore whether convallatoxin impeded the malignant progression of OS by modulating PTHR1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to assess the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. Differentiation markers (collagen 1, osteopontin, RANKL, Runx2, osteocalcin) were measured to evaluate OS cell differentiation. Results illuminated that convallatoxin suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as promoted osteogenic differentiation of OS cells. Besides, convallatoxin inhibited PTHR1 expression and inactivated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PTHR1 overexpression activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, PTHR1 overexpression or DKK1 knockdown reversed the suppressing effects of convallatoxin on OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the enhancing effect of convallatoxin on OS cell osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, convallatoxin may repress the malignant progression of OS by blocking PTHR1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyong Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingquan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Men WX, Song YY, Xing YP, Bian C, Xue HF, Xu L, Xie M, Kang TG. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Convallaria majalis L. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:692-693. [PMID: 35478853 PMCID: PMC9037191 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2067501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome of an important medicinal plant, Convallaria majalis Linnaeus, was sequenced for the first time. The entire circular genome is 162,218 bp in length, with 37.9% GC contents. The genome has consisted of a large single-copy region (LSC) with a length of 85,417 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) with a length of 18,495 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) with a length of 29,153 bp each. The genome harbored 133 genes, including 87 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree of 24 plant species was constructed based on the maximum-likelihood method. This study will provide theoretical basis for further study on plant genetics phylogenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiao Men
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yue-Yue Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yan-Ping Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Che Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - He-Fei Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ting-Guo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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