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Archana GM, Arunkumar RC, Omkumar RV. Assays for L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Anal Biochem 2022; 656:114827. [PMID: 35964733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are pursued as drug targets for neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. High throughput drug screening targeting VGCCs depends on patch-clamp electrophysiology or fluorophore-based calcium imaging that requires powerful equipment and specialized expertise thus leading to cost escalation. Moreover, VGCC needs to be transfected into cell lines such as HEK-293. We report the presence of L-type VGCC (L-VGCC) subunit proteins, Cav1.2, α2δ and β in HEK-293 cells and the application of simple methods for its assay. Endogenous expression of the channel in HEK-293 cells overcomes the need for transfection. L-VGCC in HEK-293 cells was activated either by the agonist, BayK8644 or by KCl-mediated depolarization. Activity was detected using the calcium sensing probe, GCaMP6m by live imaging. L-VGCC activity induced enhancement in GCaMP6m fluorescence returned to baseline corresponding to channel-closure. Activity was also shown using a methodology involving end-point detection of the calcium dependent interaction of α-CaMKII with NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B sequence. This methodology further simplifies the assay as it eliminates the need for real time imaging. Activation was blocked by the specific L-type VGCC antagonist, nifedipine. Finding the protein and activity of L-VGCC in HEK-293 cells offers commercially viable assays for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Archana
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, India; University of Kerala, India
| | - R C Arunkumar
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, India; University of Kerala, India
| | - R V Omkumar
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, India.
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2
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Roy PK, Rajesh Y, Mandal M. Therapeutic targeting of membrane-associated proteins in central nervous system tumors. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112760. [PMID: 34339674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the most complex system, the central nervous system (CNS) is profoundly regulated by a huge number of membrane-associated proteins (MAP). A minor change stimulates immense chemical changes and the elicited response is organized by MAP, which acts as a receptor of that chemical or channel enabling the flow of ions. Slight changes in the activity or expression of these MAPs lead to severe consequences such as cognitive disorders, memory loss, or cancer. CNS tumors are heterogeneous in nature and hard-to-treat due to random mutations in MAPs; like as overexpression of EGFRvIII/TGFβR/VEGFR, change in adhesion molecules α5β3 integrin/SEMA3A, imbalance in ion channel proteins, etc. Extensive research is under process for developing new therapeutic approaches using these proteins such as targeted cytotoxic radiotherapy, drug-delivery, and prodrug activation, blocking of receptors like GluA1, developing viral vector against cell surface receptor. The combinatorial approach of these strategies along with the conventional one might be more potential. Henceforth, our review focuses on in-depth analysis regarding MAPs aiming for a better understanding for developing an efficient therapeutic approach for targeting CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
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3
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Scaplen KM, Petruccelli E. Receptors and Channels Associated with Alcohol Use: Contributions from Drosophila. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211007441. [PMID: 33870197 PMCID: PMC8020223 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a debilitating disorder that manifests as problematic patterns of alcohol use. At the core of AUD's behavioral manifestations are the profound structural, physiological, cellular, and molecular effects of alcohol on the brain. While the field has made considerable progress in understanding the neuromolecular targets of alcohol we still lack a comprehensive understanding of alcohol's actions and effective treatment strategies. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model for investigating the neuromolecular targets of alcohol because flies model many of the core behavioral elements of AUD and offer a rich genetic toolkit to precisely reveal the in vivo molecular actions of alcohol. In this review, we focus on receptors and channels that are often targeted by alcohol within the brain. We discuss the general roles of these proteins, their role in alcohol-associated behaviors across species, and propose ways in which Drosophila models can help advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Scaplen
- Department of Psychology, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, USA
- Center for Health and Behavioral Studies, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Petruccelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
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4
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Agus V, Flak TA, Picardi P, Pizzi S, Rutigliano L, Cainarca S, Redaelli L, Rolland JF, Scarabottolo L. Parallel All-Optical Assay to Study Use-Dependent Functioning of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in a Miniaturized Format. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:460-469. [PMID: 33334229 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220976083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels produce rapid transmembrane currents responsible for action potential generation and propagation at the neuronal, muscular, and cardiac levels. They represent attractive clinical targets because their altered firing frequency is often the hallmark of pathological signaling leading to several neuromuscular disorders. Therefore, a method to study their functioning upon repeated triggers at different frequencies is desired to develop new drug molecules selectively targeting pathological phenotype. Optogenetics provides powerful tools for millisecond switch of cellular excitability in contactless, physiological, and low-cost settings. Nevertheless, its application to large-scale drug-screening operations is still limited by long processing time (due to sequential well read), rigid flashing pattern, lack of online compound addition, or high consumable costs of existing methods. Here, we developed a method that enables simultaneous analysis of 384-well plates with optical pacing, fluorescence recording, and liquid injection. We used our method to deliver programmable millisecond-switched depolarization through light-activated opsin in concomitance with continuous optical recording by a fluorescent indicator. We obtained 384-well pacing of recombinant voltage-activated sodium or calcium channels, as well as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, in all-optical parallel settings. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use-dependent behavior of known ion channel blockers by optogenetic pacing at normal or pathological firing frequencies, obtaining very good signal reproducibility and accordance with electrophysiology data. Our method provides a novel physiological approach to study frequency-dependent drug behavior using reversible programmable triggers. The all-optical parallel settings combined with contained operational costs make our method particularly suited for large-scale drug-screening campaigns as well as cardiac liability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tod A Flak
- BioAutomatix LLC, Shaker Heights, OH, USA
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5
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Sgobio C, Sun L, Ding J, Herms J, Lovinger DM, Cai H. Unbalanced calcium channel activity underlies selective vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals in Parkinsonian mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4857. [PMID: 30890737 PMCID: PMC6425036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) release in striatum is functionally segregated across a dorsolateral/ventromedial axis. Interestingly, nigrostriatal DA signaling disruption in Parkinson’s disease (PD) preferentially affects the dorsolateral striatum. The relationship between afferent presynaptic calcium transients (PreCaTs) in DA terminals and DA release in dorsolateral (Caudato-Putamen, DLS) and ventromedial (Nucleus Accumbens Shell, VS) striatal subregions was examined by ex vivo real-time dual-recording in conditional transgenic mice expressing the calcium indicator protein GCaMP3. In DLS, minimal increases in cytosolic calcium trigger steep DA release while PreCaTs and DA release in VS both were proportional to the number of pulses in burst stimulation. Co-expressing α-synuclein with the Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated A53T mutation and GCaMP3 in midbrain DA neurons revealed augmented cytosolic steady state and activity-dependent intra-terminal calcium levels preferentially in DLS, as well as hyperactivation and enhanced expression of N-type calcium channels. Thus, unbalanced calcium channel activity is a presynaptic mechanism to consider in the multifaceted pathogenic pathways of progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Sgobio
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Translational research division, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jochen Herms
- Translational research division, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Haverinen J, Hassinen M, Dash SN, Vornanen M. Expression of calcium channel transcripts in the zebrafish heart: dominance of T-type channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.179226. [PMID: 29739832 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.179226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium channels are necessary for cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, but Ca2+ channel composition of fish hearts is still largely unknown. To this end, we determined transcript expression of Ca2+ channels in the heart of zebrafish (Danio rerio), a popular model species. Altogether, 18 Ca2+ channel α-subunit genes were expressed in both atrium and ventricle. Transcripts for 7 L-type (Cav1.1a, Cav1.1b, Cav1.2, Cav1.3a, Cav1.3b, Cav1.4a, Cav1.4b), 5 T-type (Cav3.1, Cav3.2a, Cav3.2b, Cav3.3a, Cav3.3b) and 6 P/Q-, N- and R-type (Cav2.1a, Cav2.1b, Cav2.2a, Cav2.2b, Cav2.3a, Cav2.3b) Ca2+ channels were expressed. In the ventricle, T-type channels formed 54.9%, L-type channels 41.1% and P/Q-, N- and R-type channels 4.0% of the Ca2+ channel transcripts. In the atrium, the relative expression of T-type and L-type Ca2+ channel transcripts was 64.1% and 33.8%, respectively (others accounted for 2.1%). Thus, at the transcript level, T-type Ca2+ channels are prevalent in zebrafish atrium and ventricle. At the functional level, peak densities of ventricular T-type (ICaT) and L-type (ICaL) Ca2+ current were 6.3±0.8 and 7.7±0.8 pA pF-1, respectively. ICaT mediated a sizeable sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx into ventricular myocytes: the increment in total cellular Ca2+ content via ICaT was 41.2±7.3 µmol l-1, which was 31.7% of the combined Ca2+ influx (129 µmol l-1) via ICaT and ICaL (88.5±20.5 µmol l-1). The diversity of expressed Ca2+ channel genes in zebrafish heart is high, but dominated by the members of the T-type subfamily. The large ventricular ICaT is likely to play a significant role in E-C coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Haverinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Minna Hassinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Surjya Narayan Dash
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.,Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Vornanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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7
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Drapak I, Perekhoda L, Tsapko T, Berezniakova N, Tsapko Y. Cardiovascular Calcium Channel Blockers: Historical Overview, Development and New Approaches in Design. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Drapak
- Department of General, Bioinorganic, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry; Lvivs'kyj nacional'nyj medychnyj universytet imeni Danyla Halyc'koho; Lviv 58666 Ukraine
| | - Lina Perekhoda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Nacional'nyj farmacevtychnyj universytet; Kharkiv 199318 Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Tsapko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Nacional'nyj farmacevtychnyj universytet; Kharkiv 199318 Ukraine
| | - Natalia Berezniakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Nacional'nyj farmacevtychnyj universytet; Kharkiv 199318 Ukraine
| | - Yevgen Tsapko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Nacional'nyj farmacevtychnyj universytet; Kharkiv 199318 Ukraine
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8
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Gupta P, Chanda R, Rai N, Kataria VK, Kumar N. Antihypertensive, Amlodipine Besilate Inhibits Growth and Biofilm of Human Fungal Pathogen Candida. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:291-297. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Reshmi Chanda
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vijay K. Kataria
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
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9
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Chen E, Paré JF, Wichmann T, Smith Y. Sub-synaptic localization of Ca v3.1 T-type calcium channels in the thalamus of normal and parkinsonian monkeys. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:735-748. [PMID: 27255751 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (Cav3) are key mediators of thalamic bursting activity, but also regulate single cells excitability, dendritic integration, synaptic strength and transmitter release. These functions are strongly influenced by the subcellular and subsynaptic localization of Cav3 channels along the somatodendritic domain of thalamic cells. In Parkinson's disease, T-type calcium channels dysfunction in the basal ganglia-receiving thalamic nuclei likely contributes to pathological thalamic bursting activity. In this study, we analyzed the cellular, subcellular, and subsynaptic localization of the Cav3.1 channel in the ventral anterior (VA) and centromedian/parafascicular (CM/Pf) thalamic nuclei, the main thalamic targets of basal ganglia output, in normal and parkinsonian monkeys. All thalamic nuclei displayed strong Cav3.1 neuropil immunoreactivity, although the intensity of immunolabeling in CM/Pf was significantly lower than in VA. Ultrastructurally, 70-80 % of the Cav3.1-immunoreactive structures were dendritic shafts. Using immunogold labeling, Cav3.1 was commonly found perisynaptic to asymmetric and symmetric axo-dendritic synapses, suggesting a role of Cav3.1 in regulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Significant labeling was also found at non-synaptic sites along the plasma membrane of thalamic neurons. There was no difference in the overall pattern and intensity of immunostaining between normal and parkinsonian monkeys, suggesting that the increased rebound bursting in the parkinsonian state is not driven by changes in Cav3.1 expression. Thus, T-type calcium channels are located to subserve neuronal bursting, but also regulate glutamatergic and non-glutamatergic transmission along the whole somatodendritic domain of basal ganglia-receiving neurons of the primate thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdong Chen
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Paré
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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10
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Bioactive Mimetics of Conotoxins and other Venom Peptides. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4175-98. [PMID: 26501323 PMCID: PMC4626728 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziconotide (Prialt®), a synthetic version of the peptide ω-conotoxin MVIIA found in the venom of a fish-hunting marine cone snail Conus magnus, is one of very few drugs effective in the treatment of intractable chronic pain. However, its intrathecal mode of delivery and narrow therapeutic window cause complications for patients. This review will summarize progress in the development of small molecule, non-peptidic mimics of Conotoxins and a small number of other venom peptides. This will include a description of how some of the initially designed mimics have been modified to improve their drug-like properties.
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Simms BA, Zamponi GW. Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels: structure, function, and dysfunction. Neuron 2014; 82:24-45. [PMID: 24698266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the primary mediators of depolarization-induced calcium entry into neurons. There is great diversity of calcium channel subtypes due to multiple genes that encode calcium channel α1 subunits, coassembly with a variety of ancillary calcium channel subunits, and alternative splicing. This allows these channels to fulfill highly specialized roles in specific neuronal subtypes and at particular subcellular loci. While calcium channels are of critical importance to brain function, their inappropriate expression or dysfunction gives rise to a variety of neurological disorders, including, pain, epilepsy, migraine, and ataxia. This Review discusses salient aspects of voltage-gated calcium channel function, physiology, and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Simms
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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