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Feng P, Yang W, Xu D, Ma M, Guo Y, Jing Z. Characteristics, mechanisms and measurement methods of dissolution and deposition of inorganic salts in sub-/supercritical water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119167. [PMID: 36183545 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and harmless treatment of hypersaline organic wastes has become an urgent environmental problem. Compared to traditional thermochemical methods, supercritical water oxidation has been proven to be an efficient organic waste treatment technology due to the advantages of low cost, high degradation rate, no secondary pollutants, etc. However, the solubilities of inorganic salts drop rapidly near the critical point of water, and some sticky salts form easily agglomerates and then adhere to internal surfaces of reactor and pipeline, causing plugging and inhibition of heat transfer. Hence, the characteristics, mechanisms and measurement methods of the dissolution and deposition of inorganic salts in sub-/supercritical water are summarized and analyzed systematically and comprehensively in this work, intending to provide a valuable guide for salt deposition prevention and subsequent research directions. Firstly, a new classification form of inorganic salt is put forward based on melting point. The phase equilibriums of brine systems are then analyzed in detail. Six theories concerning dissolution mechanisms are discussed deeply and various measurement methods of salt solubility are also supplemented. Furthermore, salt deposition characteristics and related measurement technologies are summarized. Notably, a new idea "hydrothermal molten salt" system is reviewed which may provide a solution for salt deposition in sub/supercritical water. Finally, an outlook for the follow-up researches is prospected and some suggestions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wanpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Donghai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Mingyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zefeng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Urusova MA, Valyashko VM. Solubilities of Magnesium and Cadmium Sulfates in Water at High Temperatures and Pressures. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602362006025x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Reimer J, Vogel F. High pressure differential scanning calorimetry of the hydrothermal salt solutions K2SO4–Na2SO4–H2O and K2HPO4–H2O. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Viertelhaus M, Taylor AE, Kloo L, Gameson I, Anderson PA. Silver nitrate in silver zeolite A: three-dimensional incommensurate guest ordering in a zeolite framework. Dalton Trans 2006:2368-73. [PMID: 16688325 DOI: 10.1039/b517094j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a detailed examination of the occlusion of silver nitrate in silver zeolite A (AgA). The superlattice reported to occur in (AgNO3)9-AgA was found to melt at between 80 and 100 degrees C on heating and reappear when the sample was cooled down to 80 degrees C. Annealing in this temperature range and rigorous exclusion of water produced an enhancement of the superlattice peaks, which results from ordering of the contents of the zeolite cages. Peaks assigned to the superlattice were indexed with the tetragonal lattice parameters a = 17.440(5) and c = 12.398(4) A and proposed space group P4/nmm. The sharp peaks representing the lattice of the framework (a = 12.3711(5) A, Pm3m) remained largely unaffected by the guest in this compound, which was found to exhibit strong negative thermal expansion. The host and guest lattices are incommensurate with the tetragonal guest lattice being slightly larger than the cubic host in the c-direction and slightly smaller in the a- and b-directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viertelhaus
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT
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Benrath A, Braun A. Über die Löslichkeit von Salzen und Salzgemischen in Wasser bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 100°. II. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19402440402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Benrath A. Über die Löslichkeit von Salzen und Salzgemischen bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 100°. IV. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19422490303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hölemann H, Klesse W. Beiträge zur Chemie und Elektrochemie des Rheniums VI. Die Löslichkeit des Kaliumperrhenats in Wasser zwischen 10 und 518°. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19382370207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Benrath A. Über die Löslichkeit von Salzen und Salzgemischen in Wasser bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 100°. III. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19412470113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hodes M, Griffith P, Smith KA, Hurst WS, Bowers WJ, Sako K. Salt solubility and deposition in high temperature and pressure aqueous solutions. AIChE J 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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