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Coutinho P, Barnett A, Cavalcanti C, MarinhoValença Y, Bezerra B. Observation of Masturbation After Visual Sexual Stimuli From Conspecifics in a Captive Male Bearded Capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus). ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1333-1337. [PMID: 36422729 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Masturbation is part of the natural behavioral repertoire of primates, with visual sexual stimuli known to trigger this behavior. Here, we report masturbation events triggered by visual sexual stimulus (VSS) in the South American primate Sapajus libidinosus. We observed a multi-male multi-female captive colony of 17 bearded capuchins between January and October 2014. Over this period, we registered 11 copulation events, 68 attempt copulations, and five masturbation events. The same low-ranking male (named Fu) performed all masturbation events. Fu directly looked at other individuals engaged in sexual displays while he masturbated in three events. The masturbation events associated with VSS lasted up to 2 min and 40 s. Our observations show that VSS can trigger masturbation in capuchin monkeys. The low hierarchy rank of the male, and the consequent lack of mating opportunities in the multi-male multi-female recently formed group in captivity, may have prompted the masturbation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Adrian Barnett
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Cynthia Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Yuri MarinhoValença
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Moraes Rego, 1235. Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
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Lee S, Ryu H, Yi Y, Jang SA, Gye H, Choi A, Cho H, Lee BK, Choe JC. The effects of visitors and social isolation from a peer on the behavior of a mixed-species pair of captive gibbons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19706. [PMID: 36385625 PMCID: PMC9668933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human visitors affect the behavior of captive animals, which is the so-called visitor effect. The number and behavior of visitors may influence stress-related behaviors in captive animals, such as self-scratching, yawning, and visitor-directed vigilance. A social group setting can be applied to alleviate such negative visitor effects and facilitate social behavior and interactions between individuals. In this study, we examined how the number and behavior of visitors are related to stress-related behaviors of a captive mixed-species gibbon pair comprising a yellow-cheek gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae) and a white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar). The two gibbons were separated during the study period, and we examined whether the social isolation stimulated the visitor effect. The frequency of stress-related behaviors of the gibbons increased and the social playing between them decreased proportionally to visitor number. In the indoor enclosure, the gibbons increased their visitor-directed vigilance when visitors shouted or struck the glass partition. Our findings indicate that the number and behavior of visitors negatively affect captive gibbons and that a mixed-species social setting can help gibbons reduce visitor-induced stress. Future studies with larger sample sizes will improve the understanding of the visitor effect and the social setting in the captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saein Lee
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Laboratory of Behaviour and Ecology, Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Heungjin Ryu
- grid.42687.3f0000 0004 0381 814XSchool of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea ,grid.496435.9Department of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yi
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China ,grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-a Jang
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Gye
- grid.496435.9Department of Zoological Management, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyun Choi
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Laboratory of Behaviour and Ecology, Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Cho
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Laboratory of Behaviour and Ecology, Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-keun Lee
- grid.496435.9Administration Bureau, Division of Social Responsibility Support, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae C. Choe
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Masturbation is one of the most common sexual behaviors in humans. It is also a phylogenetically widespread trait of various other mammalian and some non-mammalian species. Several hypotheses have been proposed aiming to explain the function of masturbation in primates and other species. These were mainly based on observations of nonhuman primates such as rhesus macaques or bonobos and rodents such as African ground squirrels. Based on these observations various scholars suggested that masturbation improves ejaculate quality, decreases the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections or is merely a by-product of sexual arousal and thus an alternate outlet to copulation. While these theories may explain some facets of masturbation in some species, they do not explain why masturbation is so widespread and has developed in various species as well as our hominid ancestors. Moreover, the research on which these theories are based is scarce and heavily focused on male masturbation, while female masturbation remains largely unexplored. This sex difference may be responsible for the one-sided theorizing that attributes a specific biological benefit to masturbation. We propose that the widespread prevalence of masturbation in the animal kingdom may be better explained by viewing masturbation as a primarily self-reinforcing behavior that promotes pleasure both in human and in nonhuman species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateefah Roth
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Johannes Fuss
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
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Cheyne SM. Unusual behaviour of captive-raised gibbons: implications for welfare. Primates 2006; 47:322-6. [PMID: 16741606 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-006-0190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Unusual behaviours not normally seen in the wild were studied in 52 captive agile (Hylobates agilis albibarbis) and 23 Müllers gibbons (H. muelleri spp) at three locations within the Kalaweit Gibbon Rehabilitation Project. Unusual behaviours included stereotypic behaviour (SB), human-directed masturbation and posterior presenting. These data were collected over 18 months as part of an ongoing study into behavioural adaptation of gibbons in a rehabilitation programme. Data were also collected on the unusual behaviours observed, for example, SB, human-directed masturbation and posterior presenting. I suggest causes of the abnormal behaviours and propose solutions to reduce their incidence in order to improve the gibbon's progress in rehabilitation. From this study I conclude that most gibbons can be rehabilitated from the point of view of acquiring and maintaining a normal behavioural repertoire once in suitable housing. Encouraging the gibbons to reduce and/or stop these unusual behaviours is key to the welfare of the gibbons while in the rehabilitation programme and to successful release into a forest habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Cheyne
- Wildlife Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.
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Mallapur A, Waran N, Seaman S, Sinha A. Preliminary observations on the differences in reproductive behaviour between breeding and non-breeding captive lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) housed in Indian zoos. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mootnick AR, Baker E, Sheeran LK. Familiarity During Immaturity: Implications for the Captive Propagation of Gibbons. INT J PRIMATOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-005-8860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mallapur A, Sinha A, Waran N. Influence of visitor presence on the behaviour of captive lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) housed in Indian zoos. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2005.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mallapur A, Waran N, Sinha A. Factors influencing the behaviour and welfare of captive lion-tailed macaques in Indian zoos. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
In this study, we dealt with 11 species of nonhuman primates across 10 zoos in India. We recorded behavior as instantaneous scans between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. In the study, we segregated behaviors for analyses into abnormal, undesirable, active, and resting. The 4 types of abnormal behavior exhibited included floating limb, self-biting, self-clasping, and stereotypic pacing. In the study, we recorded 2 types of undesirable behavior: autoerotic stimulation and begging. Langurs and group-housed macaques did not exhibit undesirable behaviors. A male lion-tailed macaque and a male gibbon exhibited begging behavior. autoerotic stimulation and self-biting occurred rarely. Males exhibited higher levels of undesirable behavior than did females. Animals confiscated from touring zoos, circuses, and animal traders exhibited higher levels of abnormal behaviors than did animals reared in larger, recognized zoos. The stump-tailed macaque was the only species to exhibit floating limb, autoerotic stimulation, self-biting, and self-clasping. Our results show that rearing experience and group composition influence the proportions of abnormal behavior exhibited by nonhuman primates in captivity. The history of early social and environmental deprivation in these species of captive nonhuman primates probably is critical in the development of behavioral pathologies. Establishing this will require further research.
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Lukas KE, Barkauskas RT, Maher SA, Jacobs BA, Bauman JE, Henderson AJ, Calcagno JM. Longitudinal study of delayed reproductive success in a pair of white-cheeked gibbons (Hylobates leucogenys). Zoo Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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