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Chen CC, Chang SS, Chang CH, Hu CC, Nakao Y, Yong SM, Mandy YLO, Lim CJ, Shim EKS, Shih HN. Randomized, double-blind, four-arm pilot study on the effects of chicken essence and type II collagen hydrolysate on joint, bone, and muscle functions. Nutr J 2023; 22:17. [PMID: 36918892 PMCID: PMC10015953 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among older adults. Medical and surgical treatments are costly and associated with side effects. A natural nutraceutical, collagen hydrolysate, has received considerable attention due to its relieving effects on OA-associated symptoms. This study investigated the effects of hydrolyzed collagen type II (HC-II) and essence of chicken (BRAND'S Essence of Chicken) with added HC-II (EC-HC-II) on joint, muscle, and bone functions among older adults with OA. METHODS Patients (n = 160) with grade 1-3 knee OA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification system, joint pain for ≥ 3 months, and a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score of > 6 were randomly assigned with equal probability to consume EC-HC-II, HC-II, glucosamine HCl, or a placebo for 24 weeks in combination with resistance training. Outcome measurements were WOMAC score, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, grip strength, fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mass. RESULTS All groups exhibited similar levels of improvement in WOMAC index scores after 24 weeks. HC-II significantly reduced VAS pain score by 0.9 ± 1.89 (p = 0.034) after 14 days. A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that HC-II reduced pain levels more than the placebo did (mean ± standard error: - 1.3 ± 0.45, p = 0.021) after 14 days; the EC-HC-II group also had significantly higher FFM than the glucosamine HCl (p = 0.02) and placebo (p = 0.017) groups and significantly higher grip strength than the glucosamine HCl group (p = 0.002) at 24 weeks. CONCLUSION HC-II reduces pain, and EC-HC-II may improve FFM and muscle strength. This suggests that EC-HC-II may be a novel holistic solution for mobility by improving joint, muscle, and bone health among older adults. Large-scale studies should be conducted to validate these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04483024).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakao
- Research and Development, Suntory Beverage and Food Asia, 3 Biopolis Drive, #06-14/19, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Shan May Yong
- Research and Development, Suntory Beverage and Food Asia, 3 Biopolis Drive, #06-14/19, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yen Ling Ow Mandy
- Research and Development, Suntory Beverage and Food Asia, 3 Biopolis Drive, #06-14/19, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Chia Juan Lim
- Research and Development, Suntory Beverage and Food Asia, 3 Biopolis Drive, #06-14/19, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Eric Kian-Shiun Shim
- Research and Development, Suntory Beverage and Food Asia, 3 Biopolis Drive, #06-14/19, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Hsin-Nung Shih
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
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Balasubramanian K, Weis M, Eyre DR, Martin J, Ortiz-Sanchez J, Duran I, Vangala S, Wang J, Friedman RA, Krakow D, Cohn DH. The α2 chain of type IX collagen is essential for type IX collagen biosynthesis. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1672-1677. [PMID: 31161720 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Balasubramanian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jorge Ortiz-Sanchez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juemei Wang
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rick A Friedman
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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3
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Luo Y, Sinkeviciute D, He Y, Karsdal M, Henrotin Y, Mobasheri A, Önnerfjord P, Bay-Jensen A. The minor collagens in articular cartilage. Protein Cell 2017; 8:560-572. [PMID: 28213717 PMCID: PMC5546929 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a connective tissue consisting of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that dominates the bulk of its wet and dry weight. Type II collagen and aggrecan are the main ECM proteins in cartilage. However, little attention has been paid to less abundant molecular components, especially minor collagens, including type IV, VI, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, and XIV, etc. Although accounting for only a small fraction of the mature matrix, these minor collagens not only play essential structural roles in the mechanical properties, organization, and shape of articular cartilage, but also fulfil specific biological functions. Genetic studies of these minor collagens have revealed that they are associated with multiple connective tissue diseases, especially degenerative joint disease. The progressive destruction of cartilage involves the degradation of matrix constituents including these minor collagens. The generation and release of fragmented molecules could generate novel biochemical markers with the capacity to monitor disease progression, facilitate drug development and add to the existing toolbox for in vitro studies, preclinical research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Luo
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark. .,Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dovile Sinkeviciute
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yi He
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Bay-Jensen
- Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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4
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Rojas FP, Batista MA, Lindburg CA, Dean D, Grodzinsky AJ, Ortiz C, Han L. Molecular adhesion between cartilage extracellular matrix macromolecules. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:772-80. [PMID: 24491174 PMCID: PMC3983133 DOI: 10.1021/bm401611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, we investigated the
molecular adhesion between the
major constituents of cartilage extracellular matrix, namely, the
highly negatively charged proteoglycan aggrecan and the type II/IX/XI
fibrillar collagen network, in simulated physiological conditions.
Colloidal force spectroscopy was applied to measure the maximum adhesion
force and total adhesion energy between aggrecan end-attached spherical
tips (end radius R ≈ 2.5 μm) and trypsin-treated
cartilage disks with undamaged collagen networks. Studies were carried
out in various aqueous solutions to reveal the physical factors that
govern aggrecan–collagen adhesion. Increasing both ionic strength
and [Ca2+] significantly increased adhesion, highlighting
the importance of electrostatic repulsion and Ca2+-mediated
ion bridging effects. In addition, we probed how partial enzymatic
degradation of the collagen network, which simulates osteoarthritic
conditions, affects the aggrecan–collagen interactions. Interestingly,
we found a significant increase in aggrecan–collagen adhesion
even when there were no detectable changes at the macro- or microscales.
It is hypothesized that the aggrecan–collagen adhesion, together
with aggrecan–aggrecan self-adhesion, works synergistically
to determine the local molecular deformability and energy dissipation
of the cartilage matrix, in turn, affecting its macroscopic tissue
properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick P Rojas
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, §Mechanical Engineering, ∥Biological Engineering, and ⊥Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Type IX collagen neo-deposition in degenerative discs of surgical patients whether genotyped plus or minus for COL9 risk alleles. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36:2031-8. [PMID: 21311409 PMCID: PMC3137765 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181ffdd61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical analysis of type IX collagen in disc tissue from spinal fusion patients. OBJECTIVE To determine if collagen IX can be detected in adult disc tissue removed at spinal fusion surgery from patients either with or without degeneration-associated tryptophan single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and whether the distribution is associated either with severity of degeneration or incidence of a collagen IX SNP genotype. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Genetic factors are strongly associated with risk of development and/or progression of disc degeneration. Two SNPs that introduce tryptophan polymorphisms in COL9A2 and COL9A3 are independently linked to an increased risk of lumbar disc disease. Although tryptophan variants are associated with accelerated degeneration, it is not known if collagen IX can be detected in adult disc tissue. METHODS We selected age-matched disc samples from five clinical groups: fracture with Trp(-) (six cases), herniation (six cases), degeneration (five cases), spondylolisthesis with Trp(-) (eight cases), and spondylolisthesis/herniation/fracture with Trp(+) (six cases of Trp3 allele and one case of Trp2 allele). Using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining (collagens IX and IIA), 78 sections from 32 patients were analyzed. Selected disc tissues were assayed biochemically for collagen IX. RESULTS Focal deposition of collagen IX was observed in regions of adult human disc tissue from spines showing degenerative changes in patients whether or not they were positive for a tryptophan SNP. However, in nondegenerative control disc tissue from fracture cases, little or no collagen IX was detected. The latter finding was confirmed by direct biochemical analyses for collagen IX in pooled samples of normal adult human annulus fibrosus or nucleus pulposus. CONCLUSION During growth and maturation of the disc, collagen IX is presumably removed completely during matrix remodeling so that the protein is absent from normal adult annulus and nucleus but can reappear at sites of degeneration presumably as part of a repair response to mechanical injury.
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6
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Shapiro F, Mulhern H, Weis MA, Eyre D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities in a patient with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with scoliosis, joint laxity, and finger deformities. Ultrastruct Pathol 2006; 30:393-400. [PMID: 17090519 DOI: 10.1080/01913120600967004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Iliac crest growth cartilage biopsy in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) showed an endoplasmic reticulum storage disorder of epiphyseal and physeal chondrocytes. Biochemical analyses of iliac crest cartilage extracellular matrix showed no signs of deficits in any of the structural collagens types II, IX, or XI. The physis was abnormal by light microscopy with chondrocyte columnation replaced by clone-like cell accumulations surrounded by widened acellular cartilage septae. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of most chondrocytes was dilated. In some cells the RER contained homogeneous material but in most there were abnormal electron-dense accumulations. In some the material was seen in small amounts adjacent to the edge of the RER. In others, increasingly large amounts were seen that were randomly oriented and diffusely marginated. In many cells, assembly had progressed to well-marginated collections of wavy rod-like structures with a circular orientation parallel to the outer edges of the RER. The electron-dense accumulations measured from 34 to 40 nm in diameter. Mutations have prevented normal processing of collagen such that exit from the RER is abnormally slowed and abnormal self-assembly occurs within the dilated cisternae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Abstract
At least 27 types of collagen, the products of forty genes, are expressed in the tissues of higher vertebrates. Cartilage has a distinctive collagen phenotype. Two-thirds of the dry weight of adult articular cartilage is collagen. Proteolysis of this collagen framework is integral to the process of cartilage destruction and joint failure in osteoarthritis. Molecular studies are revealing the mechanisms of assembly of cartilage collagen fibrils. The nascent Type II collagen fibril is a heteropolymer, with collagen IX molecules covalently linked to the surface and collagen XI forming a filamentous template at the core, which regulates fibril diameter through its retained N-propeptide domains. This structure presents a challenge to understanding how fibril growth and collagen network maturation are brought about. Proteolytic remodeling, other than that mediated by collagenases, would appear to be involved, but the proteases and molecular mechanisms are still undefined. Valuable insights and predictions on the function of the individual collagen types in cartilage continue to come from the study of skeletal dysplasia syndromes caused by mutations in genes for collagens and associated matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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8
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Yang C, Hillas PJ, Báez JA, Nokelainen M, Balan J, Tang J, Spiro R, Polarek JW. The Application of Recombinant Human Collagen in Tissue Engineering. BioDrugs 2004; 18:103-19. [PMID: 15046526 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200418020-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the main structural protein in vertebrates. It plays an essential role in providing a scaffold for cellular support and thereby affecting cell attachment, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. As such, it also plays an important role in numerous approaches to the engineering of human tissues for medical applications related to tissue, bone, and skin repair and reconstruction. Currently, the collagen used in tissue engineering applications is derived from animal tissues, creating concerns related to the quality, purity, and predictability of its performance. It also carries the risk of transmission of infectious agents and precipitating immunological reactions. The recent development of recombinant sources of human collagen provides a reliable, predictable and chemically defined source of purified human collagens that is free of animal components. The triple-helical collagens made by recombinant technology have the same amino acid sequence as human tissue-derived collagen. Furthermore, by achieving the equivalent extent of proline hydroxylation via coexpression of genes encoding prolyl hydroxylase with the collagen genes, one can produce collagens with a similar degree of stability as naturally occurring material. The recombinant production process of collagen involves the generation of single triple-helical molecules that are then used to construct more complex three-dimensional structures. If one loosely defines tissue engineering as the use of a biocompatible scaffold combined with a biologically active agent (be it a gene or gene construct, growth factor or other biologically active agent) to induce tissue regeneration, then the production of recombinant human collagen enables the engineering of human tissue based on a human matrix or scaffold. Recombinant human collagens are an efficient scaffold for bone repair when combined with a recombinant bone morphogenetic protein in a porous, sponge-like format, and when presented as a membrane, sponge or gel can serve as a basis for the engineering of skin, cartilage and periodontal ligament, depending on the specific requirements of the chosen application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yang
- FibroGen Inc., 225 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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9
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Eyre DR, Pietka T, Weis MA, Wu JJ. Covalent cross-linking of the NC1 domain of collagen type IX to collagen type II in cartilage. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:2568-74. [PMID: 14602708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311653200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
From a study to understand the mechanism of covalent interaction between collagen types II and IX, we present experimental evidence for a previously unrecognized molecular site of cross-linking. The location relative to previously defined cross-linking sites predicts a specific manner of interaction and folding of collagen IX on the surface of nascent collagen II fibrils. The initial evidence came from Western blot analysis of type IX collagen extracted by pepsin from fetal human cartilage, which showed a molecular species that had properties indicating an adduct between the alpha1(II) chain and the C-terminal domain (COL1) of type IX collagen. A similar component was isolated from bovine cartilage in sufficient quantity to confirm this identity by N-terminal sequence analysis. Using an antibody that recognized the putative cross-linking sequence at the C terminus of the alpha1(IX) chain, cross-linked peptides were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from proteolytic digests of human cartilage collagen. They were characterized by immunochemistry, N-terminal sequence analysis, and mass spectrometry. The results establish a link between a lysine near the C terminus (in the NC1 domain) of alpha1(IX) and the known cross-linking lysine at residue 930 of the alpha1(II) triple helix. This cross-link is speculated to form early in the process of interaction between collagen IX molecules and collagen II polymers. A model of molecular folding and further cross-linking is predicted that can spatially accommodate the formation of all six known cross-linking interactions to the collagen IX molecule on a fibril surface. Of particular biological significance, this model can accommodate potential interfibrillar as well as intrafibrillar links between the collagen IX molecules themselves, so providing a mechanism whereby collagen IX could stabilize a collagen fibril network.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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10
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Fernandes RJ, Schmid TM, Eyre DR. Assembly of collagen types II, IX and XI into nascent hetero-fibrils by a rat chondrocyte cell line. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:3243-50. [PMID: 12869200 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell line, RCS-LTC (derived from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma), deposits a copious extracellular matrix in which the collagen component is primarily a polymer of partially processed type II N-procollagen molecules. Transmission electron microscopy of the matrix shows no obvious fibrils, only a mass of thin unbanded filaments. We have used this cell system to show that the type II N-procollagen polymer nevertheless is stabilized by pyridinoline cross-links at molecular sites (mediated by N- and C-telopeptide domains) found in collagen II fibrils processed normally. Retention of the N-propeptide therefore does not appear to interfere with the interactions needed to form cross-links and mature them into trivalent pyridinoline residues. In addition, using antibodies that recognize specific cross-linking domains, it was shown that types IX and XI collagens, also abundantly deposited into the matrix by this cell line, become covalently cross-linked to the type II N-procollagen. The results indicate that the assembly and intertype cross-linking of the cartilage type II collagen heteropolymer is an integral, early process in fibril assembly and can occur efficiently prior to the removal of the collagen II N-propeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Fernandes
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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11
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Wu JJ, Eyre DR. Intervertebral disc collagen. Usage of the short form of the alpha1(IX) chain in bovine nucleus pulposus. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:24521-5. [PMID: 12719416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302431200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus, the central zone of the intervertebral disc, is gel-like and has a similar collagen phenotype to that of hyaline cartilage. Amino-terminal protein sequence analysis of the alpha1(IX)COL3 domain purified from bovine nucleus pulposus gave a different sequence to that of the long alpha1(IX) transcript expressed in hyaline cartilage and matched the predicted sequence of short alpha1(IX). The findings indicate that the matrix of bovine nucleus pulposus contains only the short form of alpha1(IX) that lacks the NC4 domain. The sequence encoded by exon 7, predicted from human COL9A1, is absent from both short and long forms of alpha1(IX) from bovine nucleus pulposus and articular cartilage. A structural analysis of the cross-linking sites occupied in type IX collagen from nucleus pulposus showed that usage of the short alpha1(IX) transcript in disc tissue had no apparent effect on cross-linking behavior. As in cartilage, type IX collagen of nucleus pulposus was heavily cross-linked to type II collagen and to other molecules of type IX collagen with a similar site occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Jiu Wu
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
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12
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Matsui Y, Wu JJ, Weis MA, Pietka T, Eyre DR. Matrix deposition of tryptophan-containing allelic variants of type IX collagen in developing human cartilage. Matrix Biol 2003; 22:123-9. [PMID: 12782139 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(02)00102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms that encode a tryptophan (Trp) residue in the triple-helical domain of the alpha2 (Trp2) or alpha3 chain (Trp3) of human type IX collagen have been linked to risk of degenerative intervertebral disc disease. To determine whether these two allelic variants express protein that may affect the extracellular matrix of cartilage in vivo, we examined the properties of resident type IX collagen in an anonymous collection of embryonic and fetal human cartilage samples screened for Trp genotypes. No difference was found in the yield and electrophoretic properties of pepsin-solubilized type IX collagen between Trp2, Trp3 and non-Trp cartilage samples. On Western blot analysis, a polyclonal antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide matching the immediate Trp-containing sequence of the Trp3 allele reacted specifically with the alpha3(IX) chain prepared from Trp3 cartilage samples. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of type IX collagen in CNBr-digests of whole tissue gave indistinguishable fingerprints for Trp2, Trp3 and control tissues, including the yield of cross-linked peptides. Analysis of one cartilage sample that was homozygous for the Trp2 allele also gave a normal yield of collagen IX, including its alpha2 chain and a normal profile of cross-linked peptides. Together, the findings indicate that both Trp2 and Trp3 allelic products are incorporated into the cross-linked fibrillar network of developing human cartilage apparently normally. Any pathological consequences are likely, therefore, to be long-term and indirect rather than from overt misassembly of matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Matsui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, P.O. Box 356500, Seattle, WA 98195-6500, USA
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13
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Abstract
The 3rd Workshop on Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue was held at the National Institutes of Health from 16th to 18th November, 2000. The Workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH Office of Rare Diseases, March of Dimes, Coalition for Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue, and the Foundation for Basic Cutaneous Research. It was supported by specific grants R13 AR46912 (US Public Health Service) and 4-FY00-4511 (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation). The Workshop was divided into six sessions, featuring 29 invited presentations. In addition to the invited participants, more than eighty guests (scientists, NIH staff, and members of the Coalition for Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue) attended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Y Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3101 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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14
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Abstract
The extracellular framework and two-thirds of the dry mass of adult articular cartilage are polymeric collagen. Type II collagen is the principal molecular component in mammals, but collagens III, VI, IX, X, XI, XII and XIV all contribute to the mature matrix. In developing cartilage, the core fibrillar network is a cross-linked copolymer of collagens II, IX and XI. The functions of collagens IX and XI in this heteropolymer are not yet fully defined but, evidently, they are critically important since mutations in COLIX and COLXI genes result in chondrodysplasia phenotypes that feature precocious osteoarthritis. Collagens XII and XIV are thought also to be bound to fibril surfaces but not covalently attached. Collagen VI polymerizes into its own type of filamentous network that has multiple adhesion domains for cells and other matrix components. Collagen X is normally restricted to the thin layer of calcified cartilage that interfaces articular cartilage with bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6500, USA.
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