1
|
Wani HM. Differential kleptoparasitic interactions of Himalayan Vulture Gyps himalayensis with conspecifics and heterospecifics during various stages of breeding. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2023. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.8172.15.2.22606-22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports of kleptoparasitic events involving Gyps himalayensis (Himalayan Vulture) are limited. In this article we document intraspecific and interspecific kleptoparasitic interactions at nesting sites, and analyse factors influencing this behaviour. The study was carried out at Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary of Kashmir Himalaya, at an elevation of about 2,546 m. We observed 61 instances of food theft involving conspecifics (n = 12) and heterospecifics (n = 49). The highest number of incidents were observed during the chick rearing period (n=40), followed by incubation (n = 10) and pre-laying periods (n = 5). We observed the highest number of attacks at nesting sites (n = 30) and the lowest in flight (n = 9).
Collapse
|
2
|
Abril-Colón I, Alonso JC, Palacín C, Ucero A, Álvarez-Martínez JM. Factors modulating home range and resource use: a case study with Canarian houbara bustards. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2022; 10:49. [PMID: 36376936 PMCID: PMC9664789 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The home range of an animal is determined by its ecological requirements, and these may vary depending on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which are ultimately driven by food resources. Investigating the effects of these factors, and specifically how individuals use food resources within their home ranges is essential to understand the ecology and dynamics of animal populations, and to establish conservation measures in the case of endangered species. Here, we investigate these questions in the Canarian houbara bustard, an endangered subspecies of African houbara endemic to the Canary Islands. METHODS We analysed GPS locations of 43 houbaras in 2018-2021, using solar GSM/GPRS loggers provided with accelerometers. We assessed (1) the variation in their home range and core area with kernel density estimators in relation to several intrinsic and extrinsic factors and (2) their foraging habitat selection. RESULTS Home ranges were smallest during the breeding season (November-April), when rains triggered a rapid growth of herbaceous vegetation. Displaying males and nesting females had smaller home ranges than individuals not involved in reproduction. Both sexes used almost exclusively non-cultivated land, selecting low density Launaea arborescens shrublands, pastures and green fallows as foraging habitats. Heavier males used smaller home ranges because they spent more time displaying at a fixed display site, while heavier females moved over larger areas during the mating period, probably visiting more candidate mates. During the non-breeding season (May-October), both sexes showed larger home ranges, shifting to high density shrubland, but also partly to cultivated land. They selected sweet potato fields, green fallows, alfalfas, orchards and irrigated fields, which offered highly valuable food resources during the driest months of the year. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows how Canarian houbara, originally a desert-dwelling species that uses mostly shrublands and pastures, has developed the necessary adaptations to benefit from resources provided by current low intensity farming practices in the study area. Maintaining appropriate habitat conditions in the eastern Canary islands should constitute a key conservation measure to prevent the extinction of this endangered houbara subspecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Abril-Colón
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Alonso
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Palacín
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ucero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Álvarez-Martínez
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de La Universidad de Cantabria, PCTCAN, C/Isabel Torres, 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Comparative Study of SSA-BPNN, SSA-ENN, and SSA-SVR Models for Predicting the Thickness of an Excavation Damaged Zone around the Roadway in Rock. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10081351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the disturbance effect of excavation, the original stress is redistributed, resulting in an excavation damaged zone around the roadway. It is significant to predict the thickness of an excavation damaged zone because it directly affects the stability of roadways. This study used a sparrow search algorithm to improve a backpropagation neural network, and an Elman neural network and support vector regression models to predict the thickness of an excavation damaged zone. Firstly, 209 cases with four indicators were collected from 34 mines. Then, the sparrow search algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the backpropagation neural network, Elman neural network, and support vector regression models. According to the optimal parameters, these three predictive models were established based on the training set (80% of the data). Finally, the test set (20% of the data) was used to verify the reliability of each model. The mean absolute error, coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, mean absolute percentage error, Theil’s U value, root-mean-square error, and the sum of squares error were used to evaluate the predictive performance. The results showed that the sparrow search algorithm improved the predictive performance of the traditional backpropagation neural network, Elman neural network, and support vector regression models, and the sparrow search algorithm–backpropagation neural network model had the best comprehensive prediction performance. The mean absolute error, coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, mean absolute percentage error, Theil’s U value, root-mean-square error, and sum of squares error of the sparrow search algorithm–backpropagation neural network model were 0.1246, 0.9277, −1.2331, 8.4127%, 0.0084, 0.1636, and 1.1241, respectively. The proposed model could provide a reliable reference for the thickness prediction of an excavation damaged zone, and was helpful in the risk management of roadway stability.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Recommendation systems suggest relevant items to a user based on the similarity between users or between items. In a collaborative filtering approach for generating recommendations, there is a symmetry between the users. That is, if user A has similar interests with user B, then an item liked by B can be recommended to A and vice versa. To provide optimal and fast recommendations, a recommender system may generate and keep clusters of existing users/items. In this research work, a hybrid sparrow clustered (HSC) recommender system is developed, and is applied to the MovieLens dataset to demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency. The proposed method (HSC) is also compared to other methods, and the results are compared. Precision, mean absolute error, recall, and accuracy metrics were used to figure out how well the movie recommender system worked for the HSC collaborative movie recommender system. The results of the experiment on the MovieLens dataset show that the proposed method is quite promising when it comes to scalability, performance, and personalized movie recommendations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Thermally Modified Wood Based on TSSA-BP Model. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to demonstrate whether the sparrow search algorithm can show good performance in optimization, this paper improves the prediction model by this algorithm and predicts the change data of wood mechanical properties under different conditions, which better reflects the connection between the process parameters of wood heat treatment and the change of wood mechanical properties. The article takes the five main mechanical property parameters of thermally modified wood: compressive strength along the grain, flexural strength, flexural elastic modulus, radial hardness, and tangential hardness, respectively, as the objects of study and improves the sparrow search algorithm by Tenting chaotic mapping and then optimizes the Back Propagation (BP) network model by this algorithm. The results show that the number of iterations of the optimized Tent-Sparrow search algorithm-Back Propagation network model (TSSA-BP) is only one-eighth that of the original BP network model, and the convergence speed is greatly improved, the root mean square error of the TSSA-BP model is at least one-half times that of the original BP model, and the optimized model fits the original data better in terms of predicted values; thus, this article provided a feasible prediction algorithm for the field related to the mechanical property changes of wood after heat treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zumpano F, Castano MV, Favero M, García GO. Factors affecting individual foraging behavior in a threatened seabird: Olrog’s Gull (Larus atlanticus) as a case study. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of feeding strategies in animals is one of the most important topics in foraging ecology. The individual’s foraging behavior depends on both the individual’s own actions and the behavior of other foragers. Here we analyse the effect of the sex and group size on the foraging behavior of immature Olrog’s Gull (Larus atlanticus Olrog, 1958), endemic to the Atlantic coast of southern South America and regionally listed a threatened species. Birds were captured, banded, sexed, and aged during the non-breeding season in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina. The foraging behavior was quantified by observations made on individuals of known identity, recording the size of foraging groups, as well as prey size and type. Foraging parameters estimated were foraging effort, capture rate, and foraging efficiency. Males spent more time in agonistic behavior and captured larger prey. With an increase in group size, the capture rate, the capture of small crabs by males, and the foraging effort were higher. The agonistic behaviors, size of consumed prey, and foraging effort were affected by individual identity. Our study pinpoints factors underlying variation in the foraging behavior of Olrog’s Gulls and illustrates the importance of modelling individual variation when analyzing foraging behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zumpano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Melina V. Castano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marco Favero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Germán O. García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP – CONICET, Rodriguez Peña 4046 Nivel 1, B7602GSD Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Houle A, Wrangham RW. Contest competition for fruit and space among wild chimpanzees in relation to the vertical stratification of metabolizable energy. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
8
|
Giles SL, Harris P, Rands SA, Nicol CJ. Foraging efficiency, social status and body condition in group-living horses and ponies. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10305. [PMID: 33240636 PMCID: PMC7659649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual animals experience different costs and benefits associated with group living, which may impact on their foraging efficiency in ways not yet well specified. This study investigated associations between social dominance, body condition and interruptions to foraging behaviour in a cross-sectional study of 116 domestic horses and ponies, kept in 20 discrete herds. Social dominance was measured for each individual alongside observations of winter foraging behaviour. During bouts of foraging, the duration, frequency and category (vigilance, movement, social displacements given and received, scratching and startle responses) of interruptions were recorded, with total interruption time taken as a proxy measure of foraging efficiency. Total foraging time was not influenced by body condition or social dominance. Body condition was associated with social dominance, but more strongly associated with foraging efficiency. Specifically, lower body condition was associated with greater vigilance. This demonstrates that factors other than social dominance can result in stable differences in winter body condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Giles
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, UK
| | - Pat Harris
- Equine Studies Group, WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Sean A Rands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phillips JA, Peacock SJ, Bateman A, Bartlett M, Lewis MA, Krkošek M. An asymmetric producer-scrounger game: body size and the social foraging behavior of coho salmon. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2018; 11:417-431. [PMID: 30931016 PMCID: PMC6405016 DOI: 10.1007/s12080-018-0375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A tension between cooperation and conflict characterizes the behavioral dynamics of many social species. The foraging benefits of group living include increased efficiency and reduced need for vigilance, but social foraging can also encourage theft of captured prey from conspecifics. The payoffs of stealing prey from others (scrounging) versus capturing prey (producing) may depend not only on the frequency of each foraging strategy in the group but also on an individual’s ability to steal. By observing the foraging behavior of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), we found that, within a group, relatively smaller coho acted primarily as producers and took longer to handle prey, and were therefore more likely to be targeted by scroungers than relatively larger coho. Further, our observations suggest that the frequency of scrounging may be higher when groups contained individuals of different sizes. Based on these observations, we developed a model of phenotype-limited producer-scrounger dynamics, in which rates of stealing were structured by the relative size of producers and scroungers within the foraging group. Model simulations show that when the success of stealing is positively related to body size, relatively large predators should tend to be scroungers while smaller predators should be producers. Contrary to previous models, we also found that, under certain conditions, producer and scrounger strategies could coexist for both large and small phenotypes. Large scroungers tended to receive the highest payoff, suggesting that producer-scrounger dynamics may result in an uneven distribution of benefits among group members that—under the right conditions—could entrench social positions of dominance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Phillips
- 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie J Peacock
- 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,4Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andrew Bateman
- 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, Echo Bay, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Bartlett
- 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark A Lewis
- 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,6Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Martin Krkošek
- 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Salmon Coast Field Station, Simoom Sound, Echo Bay, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duijns S, Piersma T. Interference competition in a sexually dimorphic shorebird: prey behaviour explains intraspecific competition. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Flower TP, Child MF, Ridley AR. The ecological economics of kleptoparasitism: pay-offs from self-foraging versus kleptoparasitism. J Anim Ecol 2012; 82:245-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom P. Flower
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Matthew F. Child
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Amanda R. Ridley
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Macquarie NSW 2122 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sirot E, Maes P, Gélinaud G. Movements and Conflicts in a Flock of Foraging Black-Tailed Godwits (Limosa limosa): The Influence of Feeding Rates on Behavioural Decisions. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Mailleux AC, Detrain C, Deneubourg JL. Starvation drives a threshold triggering communication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 209:4224-9. [PMID: 17050837 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decision for an ant forager to launch recruitment is governed by an internal response threshold. Here, we demonstrate that this threshold (the desired volume) triggering trail-laying increases under starvation. As a consequence, highly starved foragers lay a recruitment trail and bring back to the nest higher quantities of food from large unlimited resources. In contrast, when the volume of the food source is under their crop capacity, the percentage of trail-communicating foragers is lower following a prolonged period of starvation. Such starvation-dependent changes in the "desired volume" threshold explain how ants optimize recruitment and select liquid food resources in order to prevent collective exploitation of low profitability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Voelkl B, Huber L. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) do not utilize social information in three simultaneous social foraging tasks. Anim Cogn 2006; 10:149-58. [PMID: 16969636 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-006-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Social foraging is suggested to increase foraging efficiency, as individuals might benefit from public information acquired by monitoring the foraging activities of other group members. We conducted a series experiments with captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to investigate to what extent marmosets utilize social information about food location when foraging simultaneously with conspecifics. Subjects were confronted with dominant and subordinate demonstrators in three experiments which differed in the amount of information about food location available to the demonstrators. In all three experiments, the focal subjects' performance in the social condition was not enhanced in comparison to a non-social control condition. Because we could rule out kleptoparasitism and aggressive displacements as explanations, we argue that the subjects' tendency for scramble competition by avoiding others and dispersing over the foraging area seems to inhibit or mask the acquisition of social information about the location of rewarded patches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Voelkl
- Department for Behaviour, Neurobiology and Cognition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beauchamp G. Phenotypic Correlates of Scrounging Behavior in Zebra Finches: Role of Foraging Efficiency and Dominance. Ethology 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Vahl WK, Lok T, van der Meer J, Piersma T, Weissing FJ. Spatial clumping of food and social dominance affect interference competition among ruddy turnstones. Behav Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ari067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
17
|
Lendvai AZ, Barta Z, Liker A, Bókony V. The effect of energy reserves on social foraging: hungry sparrows scrounge more. Proc Biol Sci 2005; 271:2467-72. [PMID: 15590597 PMCID: PMC1691877 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals often use alternative strategies when they compete for resources, but it is unclear in most cases what factors determine the actual tactic followed by individuals. Although recent models suggest that the internal state of animals may be particularly important in tactic choice, the effects of state variables on the use of alternative behavioural forms have rarely been demonstrated. In this study, using experimental wind exposure to increase overnight energy expenditure, we show that flock-feeding house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with lowered energy reserves increase their use of scrounging (exploiting others' food findings) during their first feed of the day. This result is in accordance with the prediction of a state-dependent model of use of social foraging tactics. We also show that scrounging provides less variable feeding rates and patch finding times than the alternative tactic. These latter results support the theoretical assumption that scrounging is a risk-averse tactic, i.e. it reduces the risk of immediate starvation. As the level of energy reserves predicts the use of social foraging tactics, we propose that selection should favour individuals that monitor the internal state of flock mates and use this information to adjust their own tactic choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adám Z Lendvai
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moretz JA. Aggression and RHP in the Northern Swordtail Fish, Xiphophorus cortezi
: The Relationship Between Size and Contest Dynamics in Male-Male Competition. Ethology 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.0179-1613.2003.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Ha RR, Ha JC. Effects of ecology and prey characteristics on the use of alternative social foraging tactics in crows, Corvus caurinus. Anim Behav 2003. [DOI: 10.1006/anbe.2003.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Stillman RA, Bautista LM, Alonso JC, Alonso JA. Modelling state-dependent interference in common cranes. J Anim Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Social and ecological factors influencing vigilance by northwestern crows, Corvus caurinus. Anim Behav 2001. [DOI: 10.1006/anbe.2001.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Abstract
When foraging in groups, individuals can use the "producer" tactic to locate food patches and the "scrounger" tactic to exploit the food discoveries of companions. Most producerscrounger models assume that birds are flexible in using tactics in response to changing conditions and that foragers are phenotypically identical. Individual differences and flexibility in tactic use were investigated in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) foraging in two flocks of different composition. Birds varied widely in their use of tactics, and individual differences proved consistent both within and between flocks. Significant adjustments in tactic use occurred from one flock to the other. Results suggest that tactic use in zebra finches foraging in small flocks is characterized by consistency and flexibility. Individual differences in tactic use demonstrate the need to examine further the consequences of phenotypic variation in producerscrounger models.
Collapse
|
24
|
Beauchamp G. The effect of prior residence and pair bond on scrounging choices in flocks of zebra finches, Taenopygia guttata. Behav Processes 2000; 52:131-140. [PMID: 11164681 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In groups, animals can use the producer tactic to locate food patches and the scrounger tactic to join the food discoveries of other companions. At equilibrium, models predict a mixture of the two tactics with equal payoffs. Several factors may constrain the use of tactics and lead to biases in scrounging choices. I explored the effect of prior residence and pair bond as potential constraints on scrounging choices in flocks of zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata). Experimental flocks contained two birds already established in an aviary (prior residents) and two birds recently released in the aviary for the first time (new residents). All birds were previously trained to find food on a foraging grid. In the aviary, new residents followed prior residents from perches to the grid and relied heavily on prior residents to locate food patches. Low initial success by new residents probably favoured heavy reliance on the scrounger tactic. New residents that formed pair bonds with prior residents foraged closer to their mates and scrounged selectively from their mates in some cases. Prior residence, and pair bond to a lesser extent, influenced scrounging choices in zebra finches and could lead to deviation from the expected use of foraging tactics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Beauchamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CP 5000, Québec, J2S 7C6, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stillman RA, Goss-Custard JD, Alexander MJ. Predator search pattern and the strength of interference through prey depression. Behav Ecol 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/11.6.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|