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Asai D, Inoue N, Sugiyama M, Fujita T, Matsuyama Y, Liu X, Matsushima A, Nose T, Costa T, Shimohigashi Y. Direct evidence of edge-to-face CH/π interaction for PAR-1 thrombin receptor activation. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 51:116498. [PMID: 34794000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Heptapeptide SFLLRNP is a receptor-tethered ligand of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), and its Phe at position 2 is essential for the aggregation of human platelets. To validate the structural elements of the Phe-phenyl group in receptor activation, we have synthesized a complete set of S/Phe/LLRNP peptides comprising different series of fluorophenylalanine isomers (Fn)Phe, where n = 1, 2, 3, and 5. Phe-2-phenyl was strongly suggested to be involved in the edge-to-face CH/π interaction with the receptor aromatic group. In the present study, to prove this receptor interaction definitively, we synthesized another series of peptide analogs containing (F4)Phe-isomers, with the phenyl group of each isomer possessing only one hydrogen atom at the ortho, meta, or para position. When the peptides were assayed for their platelet aggregation activity, S/(2,3,4,6-F4)Phe/LLRNP and S/(2,3,4,5-F4)Phe/LLRNP exhibited noticeable activity (34% and 6% intensities of the native peptide, respectively), whereas S/(2,3,5,6-F4)Phe/LLRNP was completely inactive. The results indicated that, at the ortho and meta positions but not at the para position, benzene-hydrogen atoms are required for the CH/π interaction to activate the receptor. The results provided a decisive evidence of the molecular recognition property of Phe, the phenyl benzene-hydrogen atom of which participates directly in the interaction with the receptor aromatic π plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asai
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Makiko Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Fujita
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeru Nose
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Risk Science Research Institute, Ikimatsudai 3-7-5, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0044, Japan.
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Matsushima A, Fujita T, Okada K, Shirasu N, Nose T, Shimohigashi Y. Exploration of the Role of Phenylalanine in the Thrombin Receptor Tethered-Ligand Peptide by Substitution with a Series of Trifluorophenylalanines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fujita T, Nakajima M, Inoue Y, Nose T, Shimohigashi Y. A novel molecular design of thrombin receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1351-6. [PMID: 10360734 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In a computer modeling of transmembrane domains of human thrombin receptor, Lys-158 was found near the ligand binding site. To capture this basic residue, analogs of peptide ligand containing a series of acidic amino acids were synthesized and assayed for human platelet aggregation, and Ser-(p-F)Phe-Aad(= alphaaminoadipic acid)-Leu-Arg-Asn-Pro-NH2 was found to be a potent antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujita
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Blackhart BD, Emilsson K, Nguyen D, Teng W, Martelli AJ, Nystedt S, Sundelin J, Scarborough RM. Ligand cross-reactivity within the protease-activated receptor family. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:16466-71. [PMID: 8663335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.28.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a second member of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family, named PAR-2, has been identified. Similar to the thrombin receptor, PAR-2 appears to be activated by proteolytic-mediated exposure of a "tethered ligand" sequence and can also be activated by the corresponding synthetic peptides. Similarities in the amino acid sequence of the receptors' tethered ligand sequences suggest that their respective agonist peptides might not be absolutely specific for their particular receptors. To test this, the receptor specificity of each agonist has been determined by measuring the responses of Xenopus oocytes expressing the thrombin receptor or PAR-2 to agonist peptides or enzymes. Thrombin receptors responded to thrombin, the human thrombin receptor-activating peptide SFLLRNP-NH2 (TRAP) (EC50 = 0.1 microM), and Xenopus TRAP, TFRIFD-NH2 (EC50 = 1 microM), but did not show any increase in calcium efflux over control levels with trypsin (50 nM) or PAR-2 agonist peptides (100 microM). Human and murine PAR-2 receptors responded comparably to human and murine PAR-2 agonist peptides (SLIGKVD and SLIGRL, respectively) (EC50 = 0.5-2.0 microM) and trypsin, but not to thrombin. PAR-2 was also found to be responsive to TRAP (EC50 = 1 microM) but was unresponsive to Xenopus TRAP (50 microM). Responses to additional peptide agonist analogs suggest that an amino-terminal serine is critical for PAR-2 agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Blackhart
- COR Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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